Conflict side

Syrian government and allies Weapons and Military Equipment

Syrian government and allies is an catalog grouping for Assad-era Syrian state forces and aligned Russian, Iranian, Hezbollah, and pro-government militia support documented in Syrian conflict records, with the catalog date-scoped separately from Syria's post-December 2024 transitional authorities.

143 weapon systems
Overview

Syrian government and allies covers the military side built around Bashar al-Assad's state forces during the 2011 Syrian Civil War and related Syrian strike episodes. The grouping includes Syrian Arab Army, air force, air-defense, navy, security-service, and pro-government militia activity where catalog records map that activity to the government side, and it also captures documented foreign support from Russia, Iran, Hezbollah, and other aligned formations when sources tie them to pro-government operations.

The side is historically bounded. Assad fled Damascus on December 8, 2024, after an opposition offensive reached the capital, and later sources describe a transitional administration under Ahmed al-Sharaa rather than a continuation of the Assad government. Post-Assad Syrian state, military, and security claims should therefore be read as context, not as automatic evidence for this Assad-era catalog grouping.

The Assad-era force profile combined a Soviet-derived regular military, extensive security services, local auxiliary formations, and external support. Syrian government forces entered the war with large holdings of tanks, artillery, aircraft, helicopters, and layered air defenses, but combat losses, defections, sanctions, maintenance limits, and territorial fragmentation made the practical equipment picture uneven across units and phases.

Russian intervention from September 2015 changed the side's operational ceiling. Russian airpower, advisers, naval fires, air-defense deployments, electronic-warfare systems, and expeditionary basing gave the government side capabilities that the Syrian armed forces could not sustain alone. Iran and Hezbollah supplied a different layer: militia mobilization, advisors, ground-force coordination, financing, logistics, and support to foreign fighter networks aligned with Damascus.

The cataloged equipment linked to this side reflects that hybrid structure. Entries range from Syrian government armored systems such as T-72 tanks and BM-21 Grad launchers to Russian expeditionary aircraft, long-range missiles, radars, air-defense systems, and Iranian-origin rockets or unmanned systems documented with pro-government forces. The catalog should not be read as one unified order of battle; it is a sourced aggregation of systems tied to the government side in specific conflict records.

The side also carries unusually high sourcing risk. Attribution can differ between Syrian state forces, Russian forces, Iranian-backed units, Hezbollah, National Defence Forces, and broader pro-government militias. Chemical-weapons, interception, battle-damage, and militia-control claims require especially narrow sourcing because official narratives, denial campaigns, and propaganda-heavy battlefield reporting remain persistent features of the Syrian record.

Assad-era side boundaryRussian interventionIranian-backed networkslegacy Syrian arsenalattribution caveats
Featured Weapons
T-72, Main battle tank, Tanks

T-72

Represents the Syrian government's core Soviet-derived armored layer and the heavy losses and battlefield attrition visible across loyalist ground operations.

Tanks / Main battle tank
Su-24, Variable-geometry tactical bomber and strike aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs

Su-24

Highlights the fixed-wing strike layer, including Syrian Arab Air Force use and Russian expeditionary air operations aligned with the government side.

Aircraft & UAVs / Variable-geometry tactical bomber and strike aircraft
Mi-24/Mi-35, Attack helicopter and armed assault transport, Aircraft & UAVs

Mi-24/Mi-35

Captures the helicopter gunship and armed-escort component that supported pro-government ground operations and Russian-backed loyalist activity.

Aircraft & UAVs / Attack helicopter and armed assault transport
BM-21 Grad, 122 mm multiple rocket launcher, Artillery

BM-21 Grad

Shows the unguided rocket-artillery layer that appears repeatedly in Syrian government area-fire and ground-support contexts.

Artillery / 122 mm multiple rocket launcher
S-300, Long-range surface-to-air missile system, Air Defense

S-300

Represents the strategic air-defense dimension of the catalog and the Russian-Syrian air-defense ecosystem around government-held territory.

Air Defense / Long-range surface-to-air missile system
Assad-Era Command and Actor Boundaries

Assad-era Syrian military authority was formally centralized around the presidency, the Ministry of Defence, the armed forces, intelligence services, and internal-security institutions. The regular armed forces included army, air force, air-defense, and naval components, but wartime command was shaped by regime loyalty networks, security-service influence, and foreign military backing rather than by a clean conventional hierarchy alone.

The National Defence Forces and other pro-government militias complicate the side boundary. Research on Syria's wartime state describes local and auxiliary formations fighting alongside Syrian government forces while remaining distinct from the regular army. Those formations could be locally recruited, externally supported, or tied to regime-linked patrons, so side-profile language should keep 'pro-government militia' and 'Syrian Arab Army' separate unless a source identifies the narrower actor.

Foreign allies also need separate treatment. Russia, Iran, Hezbollah, Iraqi militias, Fatemiyoun, Zainebiyoun, and other aligned actors contributed to the Assad side in different ways. Russian power centered on aerospace, basing, air defense, naval support, advisers, and political cover; Iran and Hezbollah emphasized ground networks, advisors, militia mobilization, financing, and logistics. The shared battlefield objective did not make them one command.

Equipment Ecosystem and Battlefield Adaptation

The Syrian government entered the war with a Soviet and Russian equipment base: T-54/T-55, T-62, and T-72 tanks, BMP infantry fighting vehicles, D-30 and M-46 guns, BM-21 Grad launchers, self-propelled artillery, MiG and Sukhoi aircraft, Mi-8/Mi-17 transports, Mi-24/Mi-35 gunships, and layered air-defense systems. Open-source loss studies show how much of that fleet was consumed, captured, repaired, reallocated, or kept operational in uneven condition.

Adaptation occurred at several levels. Syrian forces and loyalist units reused aging armor, improvised protected vehicles, dispersed artillery, and kept legacy aircraft and helicopters in service despite maintenance constraints. Russia added modernized aircraft, cruise missiles, reconnaissance drones, electronic-warfare systems, air-defense assets, and precision or semi-precision strike systems, while Iranian-linked networks supplied rockets, small arms, unmanned systems, and logistics for allied militia forces.

That mix makes the side catalog unusually broad. A weapon linked to this side may reflect Syrian government stocks, Russian direct employment, Iranian or militia support, or an episode where several of those layers operated together. The profile therefore emphasizes the support ecosystem rather than implying that every featured or linked weapon was owned by the Syrian state.

Russian and Iranian Support Networks

Russia's 2015 intervention provided the Assad government with capabilities beyond Syria's own force-generation base. RAND describes the Russian air campaign as a major turning point, combining deployed aircraft, helicopters, command-and-control support, naval and missile fires, and operational adaptation from September 2015 through early 2018. Russian support also placed Syria inside Moscow's regional basing and air-defense calculations at Hmeimim and Tartus.

Iran's support operated through a different military and logistical model. CSIS and other research describe IRGC-Quds Force involvement, Hezbollah support, and foreign fighter networks that helped organize pro-government ground operations. Iranian-backed channels also supported weapons, oil, financing, and logistics under sanctions pressure, creating a supply architecture that was only partly visible in conventional military inventories.

The two support systems overlapped but did not always align. Research on Russian-Iranian cooperation in Syria notes shared support for Assad alongside operational friction, parallel command structures, and different strategic priorities. This matters for equipment attribution: an airstrike, ground assault, militia deployment, air-defense claim, or weapons transfer may belong to different parts of the pro-government coalition.

Sanctions, Industry, and Illicit Procurement

The Assad government faced long-running arms, financial, dual-use, and sectoral restrictions that limited direct access to Western finance, shipping, insurance, and technology. Those constraints increased reliance on Russia, Iran, sanctioned intermediaries, illicit procurement, legacy stocks, battlefield capture, and local adaptation. U.S. and European sanctions policy changed after Assad's fall, but remaining targeted sanctions and proliferation controls still matter for historical sourcing.

Syria's Scientific Studies and Research Center was central to the most sensitive defense-industrial claims. NTI, King's College London, and U.S. Treasury material describe SSRC links to missile, unconventional-weapons, delivery-system, dual-use procurement, and sanctions concerns. Chemical-weapons and missile-production claims are therefore handled as sourcing-sensitive industrial context rather than as generic military-equipment background.

Dated Timeline of the Side
  1. Uprising escalates into war

    Protests against Assad's government escalated into a multi-sided civil war in which Syrian state forces became the core government side.

  2. Auxiliary and militia structures expand

    Pro-government militia and auxiliary forces grew as regular units faced defections, losses, manpower strain, and expanding fronts.

  3. Russia intervenes militarily

    Russia began a direct military intervention that supplied expeditionary airpower, advisers, basing, and strike capabilities for the Assad side.

  4. Aleppo marks a major pro-government recovery

    With Russian and Iranian support, Syrian government forces recaptured Aleppo, demonstrating the combined-airpower and ground-network model.

  5. Coalition missile strikes hit Syrian facilities

    U.S., UK, and French strikes targeted Syrian government facilities after the Douma chemical-weapons attack, while Syrian and Russian claims about interceptions remained contested.

  6. Assad government falls

    Opposition forces entered Damascus, Assad fled, and later reporting treated Syria as entering a post-Assad transition rather than continuing the same government-side structure.

Syrian government and allies Context
Attribution Boundary

A side label can mean Syrian state forces, Russian forces, Iranian-backed units, Hezbollah, National Defence Forces, or local pro-government militias depending on the source and date. Narrow actor names are used only when the cited record supports them.

Transition Boundary

Post-December 2024 Syrian institutions are not treated as a continuation of this catalog side unless a future conflict record explicitly maps that successor-state context.

Sources

The profile is date-scoped to the Assad-era government side because Assad's government fell on December 8, 2024. Post-2024 sources are used only to explain the boundary and transition. Chemical-weapons, militia-command, air-defense interception, and Russian or Iranian current-presence claims are especially attribution-sensitive and should be read through the dated source notes.

  • UN Member State - Syrian Arab RepublicPublisher: United Nations | Note: Supports the official state name used for Syrian state identity. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • CFR Conflict in SyriaPublisher: Council on Foreign Relations | Note: Supports the 2011-2024 civil-war framing, Russian and Iranian support for the Syrian government, Assad's December 2024 ouster, and the post-Assad transition caveat. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Syria: Regime Change, Transition, and U.S. PolicyPublisher: Congressional Research Service / EveryCRSReport | Note: Supports Assad's December 8, 2024 removal from power and the need to distinguish the Assad-era side from transitional authorities. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • EUAA Syria Country Focus - Governance under the Transitional AdministrationPublisher: European Union Agency for Asylum | Note: Supports the post-Assad transitional administration, appointment of Ahmed al-Sharaa for the transitional period, military-reform efforts, and faction-integration caveats. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • EUAA Syria Country Focus - RussiaPublisher: European Union Agency for Asylum | Note: Supports caveats around Russia's changed posture and base-retention uncertainty after Assad's fall. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • EUAA Syria Country Focus - Iran and pro-Iranian militiasPublisher: European Union Agency for Asylum | Note: Supports caveats around Iran, Hezbollah, and pro-Iranian militia posture after Assad's fall. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • The Chain of Command in the Syrian MilitaryPublisher: Omran Center for Strategic Studies | Note: Supports Assad-era formal and informal command structures, including the role of security institutions and foreign influence. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • EASO Syria Actors ReportPublisher: European Asylum Support Office | Note: Supports actor taxonomy for Syrian forces, National Defence Forces, Hezbollah, Iranian-backed militias, and pro-government militia fragmentation. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Syria's Transactional StatePublisher: Chatham House | Note: Supports the role of National Defence Forces, local loyalist networks, regime-linked patrons, and Iranian-linked support. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Syrian Arab Army Armored Vehicle LossesPublisher: Bellingcat | Note: Supports Syrian government armored-vehicle losses and the Soviet/Russian ground-equipment base visible in the civil war. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Photo Report: Syrian Arab ArmyPublisher: Oryx | Note: Supports Syrian Arab Army equipment examples, battlefield adaptation, improvised vehicles, artillery, and armor dispersion. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Isolate Syria's Arms SuppliersPublisher: Human Rights Watch | Note: Supports Russian arms-supply dependence and representative systems supplied or contracted before the war. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Road to Damascus: The Russian Air Campaign in Syria, 2015 to 2018Publisher: RAND Corporation | Note: Supports Russian airpower, expeditionary basing, operational adaptation, and the military significance of Russia's 2015 intervention. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • The Evolution of Russian and Iranian Cooperation in SyriaPublisher: Center for Strategic and International Studies | Note: Supports Russian-Iranian cooperation, coordination problems, and complementary support to the Assad government. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • War by Proxy: Iran's Growing Footprint in the Middle EastPublisher: Center for Strategic and International Studies | Note: Supports Iranian, Hezbollah, and proxy-network support for Assad-era ground operations. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Treasury Designates Illicit Russia-Iran Oil Network Supporting AssadPublisher: U.S. Department of the Treasury | Note: Supports sanctions-evasion and oil-finance logistics involving Russia, Iran, Syria, IRGC-QF, and Hezbollah-linked networks. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • U.S. and European Sanctions on SyriaPublisher: The Carter Center | Note: Supports sanctions constraints on finance, arms, dual-use goods, exports, shipping, insurance, and services during the Assad era. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Syria Sanctions - Inactive and ArchivedPublisher: U.S. Treasury OFAC | Note: Supports the post-Assad status caveat that broad U.S. Syria sanctions changed in 2025 while targeted sanctions remained. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Scientific Studies and Research Center - Syrian MissilePublisher: Nuclear Threat Initiative | Note: Supports SSRC missile, unconventional-weapons, delivery-system, and foreign-supplier context. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Syria's Chemical Weapons: The Use of Illicit ProcurementPublisher: King's College London / Project Alpha | Note: Supports Syrian chemical-weapons procurement constraints, dual-use imports, illicit procurement, and SSRC centrality. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Syria and the OPCWPublisher: Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons | Note: Supports declared Syrian chemical-weapons removal, OPCW investigation context, and ongoing declaration-completeness questions. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • OPCW IIT Third Report ReleasePublisher: Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons | Note: Supports the attribution-sensitive Douma chemical-weapons finding and the reasonable-grounds evidentiary standard. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Syria DocumentationPublisher: UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights | Note: Supports the UN source hub for Syrian conflict violations, actor conduct, and accountability reporting. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
Aircraft & UAVs

Category

Crewed aircraft, drones, and loitering munitions.

27/27
Mi-14, Amphibious anti-submarine helicopter, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarMi-14Amphibious anti-submarine helicopterBuilt: Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant / Kazan Helicopters / Soviet Union / RussiaThe Mi-14 is a Soviet Mil/Kazan amphibious maritime helicopter derived from the Mi-8 but rebuilt around a boat-like hull, retractable landing gear, naval sensors, and anti-submarine, minesweeping, or search-and-rescue configurations. Its modern conflict record is narrow but direct: Ukrainian Naval Aviation lost a Mi-14PS during a May 2022 search-and-rescue mission in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, and Syrian government forces used Mi-14s for improvised mine and bombing roles in the Syrian Civil War.
Ka-52, Attack and reconnaissance helicopter, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarKa-52Attack and reconnaissance helicopterBuilt: Kamov / Progress Arsenyev Aviation Company / Russian Helicopters / RussiaThe Ka-52 is a Russian two-seat attack and reconnaissance helicopter derived from the Ka-50 and built around a coaxial rotor layout, side-by-side crew cockpit, 30 mm cannon, and guided-missile hardpoints. In the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War it became one of Russia's most visible rotary-wing strike platforms, especially in southern Ukraine where Ka-52 and Ka-52M crews used longer-range anti-tank missiles against Ukrainian ground forces.
Mi-28, Attack helicopter, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +2 moreMi-28Attack helicopterBuilt: Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant / Rostvertol / RussiaThe Mi-28 Havoc is a Russian two-seat attack helicopter developed for anti-armor, close air support, and armed reconnaissance missions. Modern Mi-28N/NM-family aircraft combine armored tandem cockpits, a 30 mm chin cannon, guided missiles, rockets, and day/night sensors; Russian and Iraqi operators have used the family in Ukraine, Syria, and anti-ISIS operations, where low-altitude helicopter tactics have faced dense air-defense and drone threats.
Mi-24/Mi-35, Attack helicopter and armed assault transport, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +9 moreMi-24/Mi-35Attack helicopter and armed assault transportBuilt: Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant / Rostvertol / Soviet Union / RussiaThe Mi-24/Mi-35 Hind family combines an armored attack helicopter with a small troop compartment, letting operators use one airframe for close air support, anti-armor fires, armed escort, and limited assault transport. The Mi-35M branch is a Rostvertol-built modern combat-transport line, while older and upgraded Mi-24/Mi-35 aircraft remain documented in Ukraine, Syria, Mali, Iraq, Myanmar, and other conflicts.
Su-57, Fifth-generation stealth multirole fighter aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarSu-57Fifth-generation stealth multirole fighter aircraftBuilt: United Aircraft Corporation / Sukhoi / RussiaThe Su-57, NATO reporting name Felon, is Russia's Sukhoi-designed fifth-generation stealth fighter built for air-to-air combat, internal weapons carriage, and standoff strike missions. UAC describes it as a front-line aircraft for air, ground, and sea targets, Rosoboronexport markets an export Su-57E variant, and conflict reporting ties the type to combat trials in Syria and limited Russian use around the war in Ukraine.
Su-25, Ground-attack aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 1980 Iran-Iraq War +16 moreSu-25Ground-attack aircraftBuilt: Sukhoi / Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant / United Aircraft Corporation / Soviet Union / Russia / GeorgiaThe Su-25 is a Soviet-designed armored close air support aircraft built for low-level battlefield strike, rough-field operation, and heavy stores carriage. Developed by Sukhoi and produced in Soviet, Russian, and Georgian factories, the twin-engine subsonic jet combines a protected cockpit, internal 30 mm cannon, and multiple pylons for rockets, bombs, missiles, and adapted guided weapons, with documented use from Afghanistan and Iraq to Darfur, Syria, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Ukraine.
MiG-25 fighter aircraft, High-speed interceptor and reconnaissance aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs1980 Iran-Iraq War, 1990 Gulf War +2 moreMiG-25 fighter aircraftHigh-speed interceptor and reconnaissance aircraftBuilt: Mikoyan-Gurevich / Mikoyan / Soviet Union / RussiaThe MiG-25 Foxbat is a Soviet high-speed interceptor and reconnaissance aircraft built by Mikoyan-Gurevich around speed, altitude, heavy air-to-air missiles, and reconnaissance-bomber variants rather than close-in maneuvering. Iraq fielded the type during the 1980 Iran-Iraq War and 1990 Gulf War, Syria used a small surviving fleet during the 2011 Syrian Civil War, and Azerbaijan later kept MiG-25s in reserve during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh stand-off.
ZALA Lancet, Loitering munition, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarZALA LancetLoitering munitionBuilt: ZALA Aero Group / RussiaThe ZALA Lancet is a Russian electric loitering munition family with a distinctive dual X-wing layout, catapult launch, and operator video guidance for terminal attack. The Izdeliye 51 / Z-51E designation appears in Lancet-E export-system material alongside Izdeliye 52-E and the Z-16E reconnaissance UAV, while ZALA presents the Z-53 as a container-launched family member. In the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, Lancet munitions became prominent Russian tactical strike UAVs against artillery, air-defense systems, armor, vehicles, and support elements.
Tu-22M, Long-range supersonic bomber and missile carrier, Aircraft & UAVs1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 1994 First Chechen War +3 moreTu-22MLong-range supersonic bomber and missile carrierBuilt: Tupolev / Kazan Aircraft Production Association / Soviet Union / RussiaThe Tupolev Tu-22M Backfire family is a variable-sweep, long-range supersonic bomber and missile carrier built for maritime strike and deep land attack. The Tu-22M3 Backfire-C is the principal operational version: UAC says it entered service in 1989, while Rosoboronexport and later reporting tie the type to Kh-22 and Kh-32 standoff missile carriage as well as large conventional bomb loads.
Mi-8/Mi-17, Medium twin-turbine utility transport helicopter, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +6 moreMi-8/Mi-17Medium twin-turbine utility transport helicopterBuilt: Kazan Helicopters / Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant / RussiaThe Mi-8/Mi-17 is a Soviet-designed medium utility helicopter family used for troop lift, cargo transport, evacuation, search-and-rescue, electronic-warfare, armed support, and helicopter-borne boarding roles. Its large production run, 4,000 kg payload class, current Mi-8AMT/Mi-8MTV-1/Mi-171/Mi-172 production branches, and wide export base make it a recurring rotary-wing platform across conflicts from Afghanistan and Syria to Ukraine and the Red Sea crisis.
Orion, Medium-altitude long-endurance reconnaissance-strike UAV, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarOrionMedium-altitude long-endurance reconnaissance-strike UAVBuilt: Kronstadt Group / RussiaOrion, also known as Inokhodets, is a Russian medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aircraft developed by Kronstadt for persistent reconnaissance and precision strike missions. Its export Orion-E baseline is advertised with a 250 kg payload and up to 30 hours of endurance, while combat reporting links Russian-service Orions to Syria trials, limited Ukraine-war strikes, wartime losses, and a sanction-relevant production chain.
Orlan-10, Medium-range reconnaissance and electronic-warfare UAV, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +1 moreOrlan-10Medium-range reconnaissance and electronic-warfare UAVBuilt: Special Technology Centre / RussiaThe Orlan-10 is a Russian medium-range unmanned aircraft built by Special Technology Centre for reconnaissance, artillery spotting, electronic warfare, and data-relay missions. It became one of Russia's most important tactical UAVs in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, while separate sources document Russian use in Syria and a recovered Orlan-type UAV tied to the LNA side in Libya.
Forpost, Reconnaissance and strike unmanned aerial vehicle, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarForpostReconnaissance and strike unmanned aerial vehicleBuilt: Ural Civil Aviation Plant (UZGA) / RussiaForpost is Russia's license-built and later indigenized derivative of the Israeli IAI Searcher II UAV, used for reconnaissance, target acquisition, artillery-fire adjustment, and in Forpost-R form armed strike missions. Russian forces have used Forpost-family aircraft in Ukraine since the 2014 phase of the war and later employed the Forpost-R as a higher-value reusable UAV for surveillance and precision attack rather than as an expendable one-way drone.
Eleron-3, Short-range reconnaissance UAV, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarEleron-3Short-range reconnaissance UAVBuilt: ENIKS JSC / RussiaEleron-3 is a Russian short-range reconnaissance UAV family built by ENIKS for tactical optoelectronic surveillance and artillery-observation support. Public sources distinguish the baseline Eleron-3/T-23 from the Eleron-3SV/T-28 military configuration, a compact electric flying-wing system launched from a starting unit and recovered by parachute, with documented use in Russian-linked operations in Ukraine and Syria.
Su-35, Single-seat multirole fighter, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarSu-35Single-seat multirole fighterBuilt: United Aircraft Corporation / Sukhoi / RussiaThe Su-35 is a Russian single-seat, twin-engine multirole fighter developed as a deep modernization of the Su-27 family. UAC describes it as a 4++ generation aircraft with thrust-vectoring 117S engines, a phased-array radar, and an 8,000 kg combat load; later reporting documents Su-35S combat service from Syria to the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, where it has been tied to air-to-air and anti-radiation missile missions.
Tu-95, Strategic turboprop bomber and cruise-missile carrier, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarTu-95Strategic turboprop bomber and cruise-missile carrierBuilt: Tupolev / Soviet Union / RussiaThe Tupolev Tu-95 is a Soviet-designed four-engine turboprop strategic bomber family whose Tu-95MS and Tu-95MSM missile-carrier variants remain part of Russia's long-range aviation force. UAC traces the Bear's role from early nuclear missile carriage to the Tu-95MS cruise-missile carrier, while FAS and conflict reporting document its continuing use for standoff Kh-55/Kh-555 and Kh-101/Kh-102 strike missions in Syria and Ukraine.
MiG-21, Supersonic fighter and interceptor aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs1955 Vietnam War, 1971 Indo-Pakistani War +6 moreMiG-21Supersonic fighter and interceptor aircraftBuilt: Mikoyan-Gurevich / Soviet state arsenals / Soviet UnionThe MiG-21 is a Soviet-designed supersonic fighter and interceptor that became one of the most widely built jet fighters of the Cold War. Its conflict record spans North Vietnamese interceptor use, Indian MiG-21FL combat in 1971, Arab and Iraqi air-defense service, Syrian and Libyan wartime fielding, and a conservative Azerbaijani fleet-context row for 2020 reporting where MiG-21 sorties are not directly documented.
Sukhoi Su-30, Twin-engine multirole fighter aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs2019 India-Pakistan Border Skirmishes, 2025 India-Pakistan Conflict +2 moreSukhoi Su-30Twin-engine multirole fighter aircraftBuilt: Sukhoi / Irkut Corporation / Hindustan Aeronautics Limited / Russia / IndiaThe Sukhoi Su-30 is a two-seat, twin-engine multirole fighter family derived from the Su-27. Indian Su-30MKI aircraft are license-built by Hindustan Aeronautics and adapted for BrahMos carriage, while Russian Su-30SM-family aircraft are documented in Syria and over the Black Sea during the Russia-Ukraine War.
Ababil-3 UAV, Unmanned aerial vehicle, Aircraft & UAVs2011 Syrian Civil War, 2013 War in Iraq +2 moreAbabil-3 UAVUnmanned aerial vehicleBuilt: Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company (HESA) / IranThe Ababil-3 is an Iranian fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle in the HESA Ababil family, used primarily for reconnaissance and surveillance. Open-source conflict reporting links the type or local derivatives to Syrian government-aligned operations, Iraq-aligned militia use, and Sudanese Armed Forces drone activity, while separate imagery connects the airframe to Almas missile carriage.
Su-24, Variable-geometry tactical bomber and strike aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs2020 United States-Iran Conflict, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +6 moreSu-24Variable-geometry tactical bomber and strike aircraftBuilt: Sukhoi / Soviet Union / RussiaThe Su-24, NATO reporting name Fencer, is a Soviet-designed twin-engine variable-geometry tactical bomber built by Sukhoi for long-range all-weather strike and reconnaissance missions. The type has appeared across Soviet, Russian, Ukrainian, Syrian, Libyan, Iranian, and Sudanese service, with Ukrainian Su-24M/MR aircraft adapted to launch Storm Shadow and SCALP-EG cruise missiles during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
MiG-23, Variable-sweep fighter and fighter-bomber aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs1980 Iran-Iraq War, 1979 Soviet-Afghan War +4 moreMiG-23Variable-sweep fighter and fighter-bomber aircraftBuilt: Mikoyan-Gurevich / Soviet UnionThe MiG-23, NATO reporting name Flogger, is a Soviet variable-sweep fighter and fighter-bomber family built around high speed, radar-guided interception, and exportable strike variants. More than 5,000 were produced, and documented combat use ranges from Iraqi Floggers in the 1980 Iran-Iraq War and 1990 Gulf War to Indian MiG-23BN strike missions in Kargil and late Libyan and Syrian civil-war sorties.
Su-17, Variable-sweep wing fighter-bomber / ground-attack aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs1973 Yom Kippur War, 1978 Chadian-Libyan Conflict +7 moreSu-17Variable-sweep wing fighter-bomber / ground-attack aircraftBuilt: Sukhoi / Soviet Union / RussiaThe Su-17 Fitter is a Soviet variable-sweep wing fighter-bomber developed from the fixed-wing Su-7B and exported through the Su-20 and Su-22 lines. Designed for ground attack and bombing with rockets, bombs, missiles, gun pods, and 30 mm cannon armament, the family is documented in Soviet, Iraqi, and Syrian conflict use from Afghanistan to Syria.
Su-22 fighter-bomber, Variable-sweep-wing fighter-bomber / ground-attack aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs1980 Iran-Iraq War, 1981 U.S.-Libya Confrontations +4 moreSu-22 fighter-bomberVariable-sweep-wing fighter-bomber / ground-attack aircraftBuilt: Sukhoi / Soviet UnionThe Su-22 is the export member of Sukhoi's Su-17 Fitter family, a Soviet variable-sweep fighter-bomber built for low-level strike, ground attack, and battlefield interdiction. Direct conflict records on this page emphasize documented combat use and losses: Libyan Su-22s over the Gulf of Sidra, an Azerbaijani Su-22 loss in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Iraqi Su-22/Fitter chemical-attack delivery in the Iran-Iraq War, Desert Storm losses, Peruvian Cenepa War air-support missions, and Syrian government bombing near Tabqah in 2017.
Air Defense

Category

Systems that contest aircraft, missiles, helicopters, and drones.

17/17
ZPU-4 anti-aircraft gun, 14.5 mm quadruple towed anti-aircraft gun, Air Defense1955 Vietnam War, 1990 Gulf War +5 moreZPU-4 anti-aircraft gun14.5 mm quadruple towed anti-aircraft gunBuilt: V. A. Degtyarev Plant (ZiD) / Various manufacturers / Soviet Union / Russia / China / Romania / North KoreaThe ZPU-4 is a Soviet quadruple 14.5 mm anti-aircraft gun built around four KPV/KPVT heavy machine guns on a four-wheel carriage. Museum, monitoring, and open-source records connect the Cold War gun to Vietnam War helicopter defense, Iraqi air defense, Libyan and Syrian pickup-mounted fire support, SPLA-N-held anti-aircraft positions in Sudan, and anti-Houthi Giants Brigades forces in Yemen.
MT-LB with ZU-23 anti-aircraft gun, Improvised tracked self-propelled anti-aircraft gun, Air Defense2003 Iraq War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +2 moreMT-LB with ZU-23 anti-aircraft gunImprovised tracked self-propelled anti-aircraft gunBuilt: Kharkov Tractor Plant / Soviet state arsenals / Unknown / Soviet Union / ArmeniaThe MT-LB with ZU-23 anti-aircraft gun is an improvised tracked fire-support and short-range air-defense vehicle that combines the Soviet MT-LB multipurpose armored tractor with a twin 23 mm ZU-23 gun mount. Public records show the configuration in Iraqi, Russian, Ukrainian, Syrian, and Armenian or Artsakh service contexts, with documented examples ranging from an Iraqi wreck in Baghdad to vehicles destroyed, damaged, or captured in later wars.
S-400 Triumf, Long-range mobile surface-to-air missile system, Air Defense2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +1 moreS-400 TriumfLong-range mobile surface-to-air missile systemBuilt: Almaz-Antey / RussiaThe S-400 Triumf, NATO reporting name SA-21 Growler, is a Russian road-mobile long-range air defense system built around networked command, search radar, engagement radar, and transporter-erector-launchers. It uses multiple interceptor families for layered engagements against aircraft, UAVs, cruise missiles, and selected ballistic missile threats, and Russian S-400 batteries in occupied Crimea have been recurring targets in Ukraine's campaign against Russian air defenses.
S-200 / SA-5 Gammon, Long-range surface-to-air missile system, Air Defense2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +1 moreS-200 / SA-5 GammonLong-range surface-to-air missile systemBuilt: Almaz Central Design Bureau / Fakel Machine-Building Design Bureau / Soviet UnionThe S-200, known to NATO as the SA-5 Gammon, is a Soviet long-range surface-to-air missile system built around large radar-guided interceptors and semi-fixed launch sites. It appears in the catalog through Libyan SA-5 launches during the 1986 Gulf of Sidra confrontation, Syrian strategic air-defense fire during Israeli and coalition strike episodes, and Ukrainian reactivation for very long-range aircraft engagements and possible ground-attack use in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
S-300, Long-range surface-to-air missile system, Air Defense2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict +2 moreS-300Long-range surface-to-air missile systemBuilt: Almaz Central Design Bureau / Fakel Machine-Building Design Bureau / Soviet Union / RussiaThe S-300 is a Soviet-designed long-range surface-to-air missile family spanning early P-series air-defense systems, export S-300PMU upgrades, and the tracked S-300V branch. Ukraine has relied on legacy S-300 batteries for area air defense, received Slovakia's S-300PMU in 2022, Russia has fired S-300 missiles at Ukrainian ground targets, and Iran fields S-300PMU-2 batteries around strategic sites.
9K333 Verba, Man-portable air-defense system (MANPADS), Air Defense2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War9K333 VerbaMan-portable air-defense system (MANPADS)Built: KB Mashinostroyeniya (KBM) / RussiaThe 9K333 Verba, NATO reporting name SA-29 Gizmo, is a Russian shoulder-fired very-short-range air-defense system built around the 9M336 missile, 9P333 launch tube, and a passive three-spectral thermal seeker. Designed by KB Mashinostroyeniya for aircraft, helicopters, UAVs, and cruise missiles in heavy optical-interference conditions, it has documented Russian service in Syria and Ukraine and can also be used with night sights, Dzhigit support launchers, and Gibka-S mobile short-range air-defense vehicles.
92N6A engagement radar, Mobile engagement and missile-guidance radar, Air Defense2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War92N6A engagement radarMobile engagement and missile-guidance radarBuilt: Almaz-Antey / RussiaThe 92N6A is a Russian 92N6-family engagement radar associated with the S-400 Triumf air-defense system. Public sources describe the 92N6/92N6E Grave Stone as the multifunction radar that acquires and tracks targets, prepares launches, guides missiles, and exchanges fire-control data with the S-400 command system; conflict rows are limited to sources that directly name the 92N6 or 92N6E family rather than generic S-400 deployments.
30N6 engagement radar, S-300-family engagement and missile-guidance radar, Air Defense2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict +2 more30N6 engagement radarS-300-family engagement and missile-guidance radarBuilt: Almaz-Antey / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 30N6 is the S-300P-family engagement radar lineage known by NATO as Flap Lid and, on later export configurations, Tomb Stone. The 5N63S Flap Lid B branch is the self-propelled S-300PS-era configuration, giving S-300P, S-300PS, S-300PMU, and S-300PMU-2 batteries target tracking, illumination, and missile-guidance functions rather than serving as a standalone weapon. Direct conflict records place Flap Lid-family radars in Ukraine and Nagorno-Karabakh losses, and satellite-based analysis identified a 30N6/30N6E radar as the probable S-300 component hit near Isfahan in April 2024.
Pantsir-S1, Self-propelled short-range surface-to-air missile and anti-aircraft gun system, Air Defense2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +3 morePantsir-S1Self-propelled short-range surface-to-air missile and anti-aircraft gun systemBuilt: KBP Instrument Design Bureau / RussiaThe Pantsir-S1 is a Russian mobile point-defense system that combines 57E6-family command-guided surface-to-air missiles, twin 30 mm 2A38M automatic cannon, target-acquisition radar, engagement radar, and electro-optical fire control on a wheeled combat vehicle. It is designed to protect military units, air-defense sites, infrastructure, and longer-range air-defense formations against aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles, precision weapons, and UAVs, with documented or reported conflict relevance in Ukraine, Syria, Libya, Yemen, and Sudan.
Pantsir-S2, Self-propelled short-range surface-to-air missile and anti-aircraft gun system, Air Defense2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarPantsir-S2Self-propelled short-range surface-to-air missile and anti-aircraft gun systemBuilt: KBP Instrument Design Bureau / RussiaThe Pantsir-S2 is a Russian modernized member of the Pantsir missile-gun air-defense family, retaining the truck-mounted 57E6-family missile and twin 30 mm gun layout while adding a new SOTS S-band search radar and longer stated missile reach than the baseline Pantsir-S1. Open sources place the variant in Russian service from 2015, in Russia's Syrian deployment at Hmeymim, and in Russian service during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
S-125 Neva/Pechora / SA-3 Goa, Short- to medium-range surface-to-air missile system, Air Defense1969 War of Attrition, 1973 Yom Kippur War +8 moreS-125 Neva/Pechora / SA-3 GoaShort- to medium-range surface-to-air missile systemBuilt: Almaz Central Design Bureau / Soviet UnionThe S-125 Neva/Pechora, known to NATO as SA-3 Goa, is a Soviet command-guided surface-to-air missile system built to cover lower-altitude targets than earlier S-75 batteries. The family combines 5V24/V-600 or 5V27/V-601 missiles, SNR-125 Low Blow engagement radar, and twin- or four-rail launchers, with later Pechora upgrades adding mobile chassis, digital electronics, and optical tracking. Cataloged use spans Egyptian and Iraqi air-defense service, Yugoslav S-125 combat in Operation Allied Force, Syrian and Houthi-aligned legacy sites, Azerbaijani Pechora-2TM use, Ukrainian Newa-SC service, and Indian Pechora employment during Operation Sindoor.
9K33 Osa, Short-range self-propelled surface-to-air missile system, Air Defense2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +7 more9K33 OsaShort-range self-propelled surface-to-air missile systemBuilt: Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant (IEMZ) / Soviet UnionThe 9K33 Osa, NATO reporting name SA-8 Gecko, is a Soviet short-range self-propelled surface-to-air missile system that combines search radar, tracking radar, command guidance, and ready-to-fire missiles on a single amphibious 6x6 TELAR. Cataloged conflict records show the system across several generations of air-defense use: Syrian Osa-AK vehicles in Lebanon in 1982, Iraqi SA-8s in the Gulf War air-defense network, captured Georgian systems in 2008, rebel-held examples in Syria, Armenian and Ukrainian battlefield use, and Indian OSA-AK service during Operation Sindoor.
S-60, Towed 57 mm anti-aircraft gun, Air Defense2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +2 moreS-60Towed 57 mm anti-aircraft gunBuilt: Plant No. 4 named after Voroshilov, Krasnoyarsk / Soviet UnionThe S-60 is a Soviet 57 mm towed anti-aircraft gun adopted in 1950 for low- and medium-altitude air defense. North Vietnamese crews used S-60 guns as part of radar-controlled anti-aircraft defenses in the Vietnam War, and later Armenian/Artsakh, Ukrainian, and Syrian examples show the same gun family repurposed on MT-LB or truck mounts for mobile direct fire and counter-UAV work.
2K12 Kub / Kvadrat / SA-6 Gainful, Tracked medium-range surface-to-air missile system, Air Defense1973 Yom Kippur War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +4 more2K12 Kub / Kvadrat / SA-6 GainfulTracked medium-range surface-to-air missile systemBuilt: NIIP / Vympel / Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant / Soviet state arsenals / Soviet UnionThe 2K12 Kub, exported as Kvadrat and known to NATO as SA-6 Gainful, is a Soviet tracked medium-range surface-to-air missile system built around 3M9 missiles, 2P25 launch vehicles, and the 1S91 Straight Flush radar. Its conflict record spans the 1973 Yom Kippur War, where Egyptian and Syrian SA-6 batteries became a central air-defense problem for Israeli aviation, and later legacy use or transfer in Ukraine, Syria, Nagorno-Karabakh, Libya, and Yemen.
Buk-M2, Tracked medium-range surface-to-air missile system, Air Defense2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +1 moreBuk-M2Tracked medium-range surface-to-air missile systemBuilt: Almaz-Antey / RussiaThe Buk-M2 is a Russian tracked medium-range surface-to-air missile system in the Buk family, using 9M317-family missiles and networked radar vehicles to defend maneuver forces and fixed sites against aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles, precision weapons, and some ballistic targets. Conflict records tie Buk-M2/Buk-M2E systems to Russian battlefield air defense in Ukraine, Syrian government air-defense engagements, the April 2018 Syria strike response, and Venezuelan air-defense losses during the 2026 United States-Venezuela Conflict.
9K35 Strela-10, Tracked short-range surface-to-air missile system, Air Defense2011 Syrian Civil War, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict +1 more9K35 Strela-10Tracked short-range surface-to-air missile systemBuilt: Saratov Aggregate Plant / Kovrov Mechanical Plant / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 9K35 Strela-10, NATO reporting name SA-13 Gopher, is a Soviet tracked short-range air defense system mounted on an MT-LB chassis. Built to protect maneuver forces from low-flying aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles, and UAVs, it remains visible in modern conflicts through Syrian battlefield captures, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh losses, and Russian and Ukrainian counter-UAV use.
P-35/P-37 Bar Lock radar, Transportable 2D air-surveillance and GCI radar, Air Defense2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +2 moreP-35/P-37 Bar Lock radarTransportable 2D air-surveillance and GCI radarBuilt: Soviet / Soviet UnionThe P-35/P-37 Bar Lock family is a Soviet transportable two-coordinate radar line used for air surveillance, fighter guidance, and target assignment to air-defense missile systems. The family links the 1RL110 P-35 Saturn and later 1RL139 P-37 Mech designations, with documented use from North Vietnam's air-defense network, Syria's T4 airbase, and Iraq's 1991 IADS to Russian and Ukrainian radar losses or targeting in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War; open air-defense references also place P-35M/Bar Lock search radar in S-200/SA-5 site architecture.
Armored Vehicles

Category

Troop carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, and protected mobility.

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GAZ Tigr, 4x4 armored utility and infantry mobility vehicle, Armored Vehicles2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarGAZ Tigr4x4 armored utility and infantry mobility vehicleBuilt: Military Industrial Company / RussiaThe GAZ Tigr is a Russian 4x4 protected mobility vehicle family built around patrol, troop transport, escort, command, and special-purpose mission fits. The catalog entry treats Tigr, Tigr-M, and Tigr-M SpN vehicles as a family because Ukraine-war evidence includes ordinary troop carriers, captured Tigr-Ms, and Tigr-based mission systems rather than one standardized armament package.
BTR-80, 8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrier, Armored Vehicles1994 First Chechen War, 1999 Second Chechen War +7 moreBTR-808x8 amphibious armored personnel carrierBuilt: Arzamas Machine-Building Plant / RussiaThe BTR-80 is a Soviet-designed 8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrier built to move motor rifle troops under armor while giving them heavy machine-gun fire support. Rosoboronexport describes it as a combat wheeled vehicle for transporting motor rifle units, and the type remains widespread across former Soviet and export operators more than four decades after introduction.
BTR-82/BTR-82A, 8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrier, Armored Vehicles2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +2 moreBTR-82/BTR-82A8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrierBuilt: Arzamas Machine-Building Plant / Military Industrial Company / RussiaThe BTR-82/BTR-82A is a Russian 8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrier developed from the BTR-80 family. The BTR-82A adds a stabilized 30 mm 2A72 cannon, improved sights, a 300 hp KAMAZ diesel, spall liners, and other mobility and survivability upgrades, making it one of the more heavily armed wheeled APCs widely documented with Russian units in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
MT-LB, Amphibious tracked armored personnel carrier and artillery tractor, Armored Vehicles1990 Gulf War, 2003 Iraq War +4 moreMT-LBAmphibious tracked armored personnel carrier and artillery tractorBuilt: Kharkov Tractor Plant / Soviet UnionThe MT-LB is a Soviet tracked, amphibious armored carrier developed as a light multipurpose tractor and troop/cargo vehicle. Its low silhouette, large production run, and adaptable chassis made it a common base for command, air-defense, ambulance, anti-tank, and improvised fire-support variants, including widespread use by both sides in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
BMP-1, Infantry fighting vehicle, Armored Vehicles1973 Yom Kippur War, 1990 Gulf War +5 moreBMP-1Infantry fighting vehicleBuilt: Kurganmashzavod / Soviet Union / Czechoslovakia / India / Poland / ChinaThe BMP-1 was the Soviet Union's first mass-produced infantry fighting vehicle: a tracked, amphibious troop carrier built around a 73 mm 2A28 Grom gun, a coaxial PKT, and the original 9M14 Malyutka missile rail. Its export scale and simple upgrade path have kept BMP-1 hulls in service from the 1973 Yom Kippur War to Ukraine, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Caucasus.
BTR-50, Tracked amphibious armored personnel carrier, Armored Vehicles1967 Six-Day War, 1969 War of Attrition +4 moreBTR-50Tracked amphibious armored personnel carrierBuilt: Volgograd Tractor Plant / Soviet UnionThe BTR-50 is a Soviet tracked amphibious armored personnel carrier based on the PT-76 light tank chassis. Designed to move infantry and light weapons across rivers and broken terrain, it carried a small crew plus a large troop compartment behind light welded steel armor. Its record spans Arab-Israeli wars, the Iran-Iraq War, Syria, and Russia's Ukraine deployment of stored vehicles, including photographed and loss-documented BTR-50PK carriers fitted with BPU-1 turrets.
BMP-2, Tracked amphibious infantry fighting vehicle, Armored Vehicles1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +3 moreBMP-2Tracked amphibious infantry fighting vehicleBuilt: Kurganmashzavod / Soviet Union / RussiaThe BMP-2 is a Soviet tracked infantry fighting vehicle that replaced the BMP-1's low-velocity gun with a stabilized 30 mm 2A42 autocannon while retaining an anti-tank missile launcher and amphibious mobility. Its troop carriage, direct-fire, and ATGM roles were documented in Afghanistan and remain visible in post-Soviet and export armored units, with later documented use in Ukraine, Syria, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Yemen.
Artillery

Category

Tube artillery, rocket artillery, and long-range ground fires.

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2A72 30 mm automatic cannon, 30 mm dual-feed automatic cannon, Artillery2011 Syrian Civil War2A72 30 mm automatic cannon30 mm dual-feed automatic cannonBuilt: Tulamashzavod Joint Stock Company / RussiaThe 2A72 is a Russian 30x165 mm dual-feed automatic cannon designed by KBP Instrument Design Bureau and manufactured by Tulamashzavod Joint Stock Company. It is a lighter, recoil-operated 2A42-family gun used as a coaxial cannon on BMP-3 and BMD-4M-type turrets and as the main weapon on 30 mm BTR-80A/BTR-82A installations, with direct open-source reporting tying BTR-82A 2A72 fire to fighting near Latakia during the 2011 Syrian Civil War.
82 mm 2B9 Vasilek automatic mortar, 82 mm automatic gun-mortar, Artillery1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +2 more82 mm 2B9 Vasilek automatic mortar82 mm automatic gun-mortarBuilt: Bolshevik Plant / Diósgyőri Gépgyár / Norinco / Soviet Union; Hungary; ChinaThe 82 mm 2B9 Vasilek is a Soviet automatic gun-mortar that combines mortar trajectories with clip-fed rapid fire from a wheeled carriage. Source-backed conflict records place the family in Soviet-Afghan fire-support accounts, Syrian government and opposition use, Russian-side use in Ukraine, and captured Armenian equipment in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh fighting.
PM-43, 120 mm towed heavy mortar, Artillery1955 Vietnam War, 1979 Soviet-Afghan War +3 morePM-43120 mm towed heavy mortarBuilt: Soviet state arsenals / Soviet UnionThe PM-43 is a Soviet 120 mm smoothbore heavy mortar, introduced in 1943 as a wartime development of the PM-38 and kept in service through exports, local copies, and legacy stocks. Direct conflict references place the M-43/PM-43 family with North Vietnamese forces in Vietnam, in Syrian Civil War mortar inventories, with Haftar-aligned forces in Libya, and in a Russian-controlled area of Luhansk during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
BM-21 Grad, 122 mm multiple rocket launcher, Artillery2012 Mali War, 2014 Second Libyan Civil War +11 moreBM-21 Grad122 mm multiple rocket launcherBuilt: Motovilikha Plants / Soviet defense industry / Soviet Union / RussiaThe BM-21 Grad is a Soviet 122 mm multiple rocket launcher built around a 40-tube launcher on a wheeled truck chassis. In the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War it remains a common area-fire system on both sides, valued for rapid salvos and mobility but dependent on shoot-and-scoot tactics because the launcher is carried on an unarmored truck.
D-74 122 mm field gun, 122 mm towed field gun, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 1955 Vietnam War +1 moreD-74 122 mm field gun122 mm towed field gunBuilt: No. 9 Uralmashzavod / Soviet UnionThe D-74 is a Soviet 122 mm towed field gun from the F. F. Petrov design lineage at No. 9 Uralmashzavod. It paired a long 52/53-caliber barrel with a split-trail carriage shared with the D-20, offered more range than common 122 mm howitzers, and was exported or copied as the Chinese Type 60 before documented appearances with North Vietnamese, Syrian, and Russian forces.
122 mm M-30 howitzer, 122 mm towed field howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +1 more122 mm M-30 howitzer122 mm towed field howitzerBuilt: Plant No. 9 / Plant No. 92 / Soviet UnionThe 122 mm M-30 howitzer is a Soviet split-trail towed field howitzer designed by F. F. Petrov's Motovilikha team and serially produced from 1939. Its 11.8 km range, simple carriage, and wide postwar distribution kept it visible long after newer 122 mm guns appeared, with documented recent appearances in Russian, Syrian, YPG, and Armenian/Artsakh conflict records.
D-30 122 mm howitzer, 122 mm towed howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2001 War in Afghanistan +9 moreD-30 122 mm howitzer122 mm towed howitzerBuilt: Artillery Plant No. 9 / Soviet Union / RussiaThe D-30, also known as the 2A18, M1963, or Frog, is a Soviet 122 mm towed howitzer designed by OKB-9 under F. F. Petrov and built at Plant No. 9 in Yekaterinburg. Its three-trail carriage gives 360-degree traverse, and official U.S. Army support material describes the gun as still manufactured internationally and fielded by more than 60 countries' armed forces.
2S1 Gvozdika, 122 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer, Artillery1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 1990 Gulf War +7 more2S1 Gvozdika122 mm tracked self-propelled howitzerBuilt: Kharkiv Tractor Plant / Plant No. 9 / Soviet UnionThe 2S1 Gvozdika is a Soviet 122 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer built around the 2A31 gun on an amphibious armored chassis derived from the MT-LB family. In the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War it remains a common short-to-medium-range artillery system for both Russian and Ukrainian forces, combining mobility, indirect fire, and widespread 122 mm ammunition compatibility.
2A65 Msta-B, 152 mm towed howitzer, Artillery2008 Russo-Georgian War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +1 more2A65 Msta-B152 mm towed howitzerBuilt: Motovilikha Plant / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 2A65 Msta-B is a Soviet 152 mm towed howitzer built around the artillery family shared with the 2S19 Msta-S. Its split-trail carriage, shielded crew position, 24.7 km standard-shell range, and compatibility with Msta-family 152 mm projectiles kept it in post-Soviet heavy-artillery inventories, with documented Georgian loss evidence in 2008, Russian-aligned use in Syria, and both Russian and Ukrainian use in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
2S3 Akatsiya, 152 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer, Artillery1990 Gulf War, 1994 First Chechen War +4 more2S3 Akatsiya152 mm tracked self-propelled howitzerBuilt: Uraltransmash / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 2S3 Akatsiya is a Soviet 152 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer built around the 2A33 gun and a turreted armored chassis. Designed for divisional fire support and accepted into service in 1971, it appears across Iraqi, Chechen, Syrian, Armenian, Libyan, Russian, and Ukrainian conflict records because large Cold War stocks remained in service long after newer self-propelled artillery entered use.
180 mm gun S-23, 180 mm towed heavy gun, Artillery1973 Yom Kippur War, 2011 Syrian Civil War180 mm gun S-23180 mm towed heavy gunBuilt: Barrikady / Soviet UnionThe S-23 is a Soviet 180 mm towed heavy gun built for long-range corps or army-level fire rather than close tactical support. Its unusual caliber, heavy split-trail carriage, and rocket-assisted ammunition gave Syrian and Egyptian forces a long-reach artillery option in the 1973 Yom Kippur War, while later Syrian Civil War evidence shows the type still present in Syrian Army artillery stocks decades after production ended.
BM-27 Uragan, 220 mm self-propelled multiple launch rocket system, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +3 moreBM-27 Uragan220 mm self-propelled multiple launch rocket systemBuilt: NPO Splav / Soviet Union / RussiaThe BM-27 Uragan is the Soviet 9K57 220 mm multiple launch rocket system, built around the 16-tube 9P140 launcher and 9T452 transporter-loader on ZIL-135LM-family wheeled chassis. Its rocket family gives heavier payloads than BM-21 Grad-class systems, including high-explosive fragmentation, cluster, incendiary, fuel-air explosive, and mine-scattering rounds. Documented use spans Russia-Ukraine, Syria, Yemen, Nagorno-Karabakh, and the 2008 Russo-Georgian War, with the system still relevant through Ukrainian overhaul work and Bureviy modernization.
TOS-1A Solntsepyok, 220 mm thermobaric multiple rocket launcher, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +2 moreTOS-1A Solntsepyok220 mm thermobaric multiple rocket launcherBuilt: Omsktransmash / Uralvagonzavod / RussiaThe TOS-1A Solntsepyok is a Russian tracked heavy flamethrower system that functions as a short-range thermobaric multiple rocket launcher. Built around a BM-1 launcher on a tank chassis with transporter-loaders, it fires unguided 220 mm rockets to support infantry and armor against fortified positions, vehicles, and troops in cover. In the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War it has been documented in Russian service near the front line, where its short range creates both destructive local effects and high vulnerability to Ukrainian targeting.
M-240 mortar, 240 mm towed heavy mortar, Artillery2011 Syrian Civil WarM-240 mortar240 mm towed heavy mortarBuilt: Yurga Machine-Building Plant / Soviet UnionThe M-240 is a Soviet 240 mm towed heavy mortar and the firing-system ancestor of the 2S4 Tyulpan's 2B8 mortar. WeaponSystems.net describes it as a limited-service heavy mortar produced in the 1950s, while ARES identifies it as one of the two mortar systems for the 3F2 Gagara and other Soviet 240 mm rocket-assisted projectiles. AOAV and ARES tie the M-240 itself to Syrian government heavy mortar fire around Homs during the Syrian Civil War.
BM-30 Smerch, 300 mm heavy multiple launch rocket system, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +1 moreBM-30 Smerch300 mm heavy multiple launch rocket systemBuilt: NPO Splav / RussiaThe BM-30 Smerch, also designated 9K58, is a Soviet-designed heavy multiple launch rocket system built around 300 mm rockets and a 12-tube launcher on an 8x8 wheeled chassis. Its ammunition family includes high-explosive, cargo, mine-laying, sensor-fuzed, and thermobaric rounds, making Smerch a deep-fire artillery system rather than a front-line direct-fire weapon. In Ukraine, Syria, and Nagorno-Karabakh, documented Smerch-family remnants and firing reports tie the launcher to long-range area fires, including cluster-munition attacks.
Tornado-S, 300 mm multiple launch rocket system, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarTornado-S300 mm multiple launch rocket systemBuilt: NPO Splav / Motovilikha Plants / RussiaTornado-S, also known as the 9K515 MLRS, is Russia's modernized 300 mm successor to the BM-30 Smerch, combining a 12-tube wheeled launcher, automated fire-control, Smerch rocket compatibility, and guided 300 mm rockets for longer-range precision fires. Russian and independent reporting tie it to combat use in Syria in 2017 and to documented Russian employment and losses in Ukraine from 2022 onward.
2S9 Nona, Air-droppable 120 mm self-propelled mortar, Artillery1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +1 more2S9 NonaAir-droppable 120 mm self-propelled mortarBuilt: Motovilikha Plants / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 2S9 Nona is a Soviet airborne self-propelled mortar built around a 120 mm gun-mortar on a tracked amphibious BTR-D-derived chassis. Designed to give airborne and other high-mobility units organic indirect fire, it combines mortar-style high-angle fire, direct-fire HEAT use, and compatibility with several Nona-family rounds. Its conflict record spans Soviet use in Afghanistan, Russian delivery to Syrian government forces, and 2014 Russia-Ukraine War service with both Russian and Ukrainian forces.
Kh-101, Air-launched cruise missile, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarKh-101Air-launched cruise missileBuilt: Raduga Design Bureau / RussiaThe Kh-101 is Russia's conventional member of the Kh-101/Kh-102 air-launched cruise-missile family, built by Raduga for long-range standoff attacks from strategic bombers. Its low-altitude flight profile, turbofan propulsion, inertial/satellite navigation, electro-optical terminal guidance, and documented wartime modifications make it one of Russia's principal long-range strike weapons in Ukraine and Syria.
Ballistic missile, Ballistic missile, Artillery1980 Iran-Iraq War, 1990 Gulf War +8 moreBallistic missileBallistic missileBuilt: Various manufacturers / Multiple countriesBallistic missiles are rocket-propelled weapons that accelerate during boost, then place a payload on a mostly unpowered ballistic path through midcourse and terminal flight. The class spans short-range battlefield missiles, submarine-launched systems, and intercontinental weapons; in recent cataloged conflicts, open sources document Iranian and Houthi use when strike reports identify broad ballistic-missile salvos but not always a single missile model.
9K720 Iskander, Road-mobile tactical ballistic and cruise missile system, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +2 more9K720 IskanderRoad-mobile tactical ballistic and cruise missile systemBuilt: KBM Kolomna / Votkinsk Machine Building Plant / Barrikady / RussiaThe 9K720 Iskander is a Russian road-mobile tactical missile system that launches 9M723 short-range ballistic missiles and, in Iskander-K configuration, ground-launched cruise missiles. Its documented combat record spans Russian strikes in Ukraine, Syria, and Georgia, plus disputed Armenian use around Shusha in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh fighting.
Tochka-U, Road-mobile tactical ballistic missile system, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Yemen Civil War +5 moreTochka-URoad-mobile tactical ballistic missile systemBuilt: Kolomna Machine Building Design Bureau (KBM) / Soviet Union / RussiaTochka-U is the upgraded 9K79-1/OTR-21 short-range tactical ballistic missile system, carried on a wheeled transporter-erector-launcher and designed for battlefield strikes with high-explosive or cluster warheads. Its public combat record spans post-Soviet, Middle Eastern, and South Caucasus wars, from Russian use in Chechnya and Georgia to Houthi launches in Yemen and documented Russian and Ukrainian Tochka-U use in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
Qiam-1 / modified Qiam ballistic missile, Short-range ballistic missile, Artillery2011 Syrian Civil War, 2020 United States-Iran ConflictQiam-1 / modified Qiam ballistic missileShort-range ballistic missileBuilt: Aerospace Industries Organization / IranThe Qiam-1 is Iran's road-mobile, liquid-fueled short-range ballistic missile family derived from the Shahab-2, with a finless body and separable warhead that distinguish it from earlier Scud-derived missiles. Source reporting connects Qiam-type missiles to Iranian strikes in Syria against Islamic State targets and to the January 2020 Ayn al-Asad attack, while modified Qiam/Qiam-2 attribution remains analyst-dependent rather than an official Iranian model name.
Qiam-2 ballistic missile, Short-range ballistic missile, Artillery2011 Syrian Civil War, 2020 United States-Iran ConflictQiam-2 ballistic missileShort-range ballistic missileBuilt: Aerospace Industries Organization / IranQiam-2 is an analyst designation for an upgraded Iranian Qiam short-range ballistic missile with a revised reentry section, road-mobile launch configuration, and improved accuracy. Open-source references tie the modified missile to Iran's October 2018 Al Bukamal strike in Syria and the January 2020 Ain al-Asad strike in Iraq, while noting that Qiam-2 is not an official Iranian designation.
100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3), Towed 100 mm field and anti-tank gun, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3)Towed 100 mm field and anti-tank gunBuilt: Motovilikha Plant / Soviet UnionThe 100 mm field gun M1944, better known as the BS-3, is a Soviet split-trail gun designed under V. G. Grabin as a high-velocity anti-tank and field-artillery weapon. Its 100 mm L/54 barrel, semi-automatic breech, and long indirect-fire range kept the World War II design useful as reserve artillery, with documented appearances in Ukrainian service and pro-government Syrian artillery positions.
152 mm D-1 gun-howitzer, Towed 152 mm howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict +1 more152 mm D-1 gun-howitzerTowed 152 mm howitzerBuilt: No. 9 Uralmashzavod / Soviet UnionThe 152 mm D-1 gun-howitzer is a Soviet towed heavy howitzer that put a short 152.4 mm ordnance on a lighter split-trail carriage. Its modern record is mostly residual-use evidence: Russia drew D-1 guns from stocks during the full-scale phase of the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, while open loss records tie the same World War II-era system to Armenian/Artsakh equipment in 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh and Syrian government artillery losses in the 2011 Syrian Civil War.
Electronic Warfare

Category

Systems built to sense, relay, jam, deceive, or attack electromagnetic networks.

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1RL257 Krasukha-4, Mobile electronic warfare jammer, Electronic Warfare2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War1RL257 Krasukha-4Mobile electronic warfare jammerBuilt: Rostec-affiliated Russian defense industry / RussiaThe 1RL257 Krasukha-4 is a Russian mobile ground-based electronic-warfare system built to detect and jam airborne, ground, and satellite-linked radar systems. Public references identify it as the Krasukha family member focused on X/Ku-band fire-control and surveillance radars, with open-source range claims commonly presented as a 150 to 300 km class capability.
1L271 Aistyonok, Portable mortar locating reconnaissance radar, Electronic Warfare2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +1 more1L271 AistyonokPortable mortar locating reconnaissance radarBuilt: Almaz-Antey / RussiaThe 1L271 Aistyonok is a Russian portable mortar-locating and artillery-reconnaissance radar associated with NPO Strela inside the Almaz-Antey industrial group. Rosoboronexport describes the export system as a modular radar for battalion-to-brigade fire support: detecting 81-120 mm mortar positions, tracking shell bursts for artillery correction, and observing moving ground targets out to 20 km. Specialist radar references describe a 135 kg J-band set, while open-source conflict reporting documents Russian-linked use in Syria and Ukraine plus Armenian/Artsakh wartime fielding problems in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
Infantry Weapons

Category

Portable weapons used by soldiers and small units.

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PKP Pecheneg, 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun, Infantry Weapons2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +2 morePKP Pecheneg7.62 mm general-purpose machine gunBuilt: TsNIITochMash / Degtyaryov Plant / RussiaThe PKP Pecheneg is a Russian 7.62x54mmR belt-fed general-purpose machine gun developed from the PKM to solve sustained-fire problems with a heavier, jacket-cooled barrel, forced-air cooling, a mirage-shielding carry handle, and a forward bipod. Russian sources place production at Kovrov in 1999 and service acceptance in 2001, with later documented use by Russian forces, Syrian special forces, Russian-backed separatists, and Ukrainian troops, plus naval mounting on Russian patrol and assault craft.
DShK, 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, Infantry Weapons2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2023 Israel-Hamas War +11 moreDShK12.7 mm heavy machine gunBuilt: Tula Ordnance Factory / Soviet state arsenals / Soviet UnionThe DShK is a Soviet 12.7 mm heavy machine gun designed by Vasily Degtyaryov and refined with Georgy Shpagin's belt-feed system. Built for anti-aircraft, anti-vehicle, and infantry support roles, the DShK/DShKM family spans Vietnam War helicopter defense, Soviet-Afghan War ambushes, modern technicals, and Ukrainian mobile counter-UAV teams using vintage heavy machine guns against slow Russian drones.
GP-25 Kostyor, 40 mm under-barrel grenade launcher, Infantry Weapons2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarGP-25 Kostyor40 mm under-barrel grenade launcherBuilt: TOZ / Soviet UnionThe GP-25 Kostyor is a Soviet 40 mm muzzle-loaded under-barrel grenade launcher developed by TsKIB SOO and produced by TOZ for Kalashnikov-pattern rifles. It fires VOG-25-family caseless grenades from a single-shot rifled tube, became the baseline GP-series launcher later followed by the GP-30 and GP-34, and has direct conflict documentation in Ukraine and Syrian government service.
AM-50 Sayyad .50-caliber anti-materiel rifle, Anti-materiel rifle, Infantry Weapons2011 Syrian Civil War, 2013 War in Iraq +2 moreAM-50 Sayyad .50-caliber anti-materiel rifleAnti-materiel rifleBuilt: Defense Industries Organization (Individual Combat Industries Group) / IranThe AM-50 Sayyad is an Iranian 12.7x99 mm anti-materiel rifle derived from the Steyr HS .50 pattern after a mid-2000s HS .50 sale to Iran. It is a single-shot bolt-action weapon produced by DIO/ICIG and documented with Iraqi government forces, Syrian war militias, Houthi fighters in Yemen, and Hamas-linked fighters in Gaza.
AK-74, Assault rifle, Infantry Weapons2009 Boko Haram Insurgency, 1984 Kurdish-Turkish Conflict +5 moreAK-74Assault rifleBuilt: Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant / Kalashnikov Concern / Soviet Union / RussiaThe AK-74 is a Soviet 5.45x39 mm assault rifle family built around a lighter small-caliber cartridge, 30-round magazines, and the familiar Kalashnikov operating pattern. Public conflict evidence spans its Soviet-Afghan combat debut, continuing 2014 Russia-Ukraine War service on both sides, Syrian Civil War AK-74M and AKS-74U use, Islamic State possession, ISWAP imagery, PKK raid footage, and Azerbaijani AK-74M fielding around Hadrut.
OZM-72, Bounding antipersonnel fragmentation mine, Infantry Weapons2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Yemen Civil War +3 moreOZM-72Bounding antipersonnel fragmentation mineBuilt: Factory 583 / Soviet state arsenals / Soviet Union / RussiaThe OZM-72 is a Soviet-designed bounding antipersonnel fragmentation mine that ejects upward before detonation and scatters fragments around the burst point. Human Rights Watch and Landmine Monitor reporting document the mine in modern clearance and conflict-use cases in Ukraine, Yemen, Syria, Libya, and Nagorno-Karabakh, making it a persistent explosive-ordnance hazard rather than only a Cold War stockpile item.
RPG-26, Disposable anti-tank rocket launcher, Infantry Weapons2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +1 moreRPG-26Disposable anti-tank rocket launcherBuilt: Bazalt / RussiaThe RPG-26 Aglen is a Soviet/Russian disposable 72.5 mm anti-tank rocket launcher developed at Soviet army request in 1980 and adopted around 1985. It uses a rigid fiberglass tube and a single PG-26 HEAT rocket, and open-source reporting has documented RPG-26 or RPG-26-family launchers in Ukraine, Syria, and Yemen while technical references tie the design to the earlier RPG-22, the larger RPG-27, and the thermobaric RShG-2.
RPO-A Shmel, Disposable shoulder-fired thermobaric rocket launcher, Infantry Weapons1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 1994 First Chechen War +4 moreRPO-A ShmelDisposable shoulder-fired thermobaric rocket launcherBuilt: KBP Instrument Design Bureau / RussiaThe RPO-A Shmel is a Soviet-designed, Russian-produced 93 mm disposable rocket flamethrower built around a thermobaric fuel-air explosive round. Adopted in 1988 after mid-1980s development, it became a close-assault weapon for caves, bunkers, buildings, and fortified urban positions, with documented appearances from Afghanistan and Chechnya through Syria, Ukraine, and Gaza.
9M133 Kornet, Laser beam-riding anti-tank guided missile system, Infantry Weapons2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +7 more9M133 KornetLaser beam-riding anti-tank guided missile systemBuilt: KBP Instrument Design Bureau / RussiaThe 9M133 Kornet is a Russian heavy anti-tank guided missile system using laser beam-riding guidance and tandem HEAT or thermobaric warheads. Developed by KBP as a portable, vehicle-integrated, and self-propelled ATGM family, it appears in recent conflicts as a Russian-origin anti-armor weapon documented with state forces and non-state armed groups, including captured launchers and destroyed 9P163M-1 Kornet-T vehicles in Ukraine.
TS-50 anti-personnel mine, Minimum-metal blast anti-personnel mine, Infantry Weapons1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 1980 Iran-Iraq War +3 moreTS-50 anti-personnel mineMinimum-metal blast anti-personnel mineBuilt: Tecnovar Italiana SpA / ItalyThe TS-50 is an Italian minimum-metal blast anti-personnel mine built around a small pressure-actuated plastic body and pneumatic fuze. The record covers the Italian TS/50 baseline and closely documented T/79 and YM-1 copy designations, with conflict-use evidence from Afghanistan, Iraqi Kurdistan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Syria, and the Russia-Ukraine War's Donbas supply trail.
9M113 Konkurs, SACLOS wire-guided anti-tank guided missile, Infantry Weapons2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +4 more9M113 KonkursSACLOS wire-guided anti-tank guided missileBuilt: KBP Instrument Design Bureau / Tula Arms Plant / Bharat Dynamics Limited / Soviet Union / Russia / IndiaThe 9M113 Konkurs, NATO reporting name AT-5 Spandrel, is a Soviet wire-guided anti-tank guided missile family built for infantry launchers, BMP-series vehicle mounts, and the BRDM-2-based 9P148 carrier. Its SACLOS guidance, 135 mm missile body, and 4 km class engagement range kept the family useful after the Cold War, while the Konkurs-M modernization added tandem-HEAT and thermobaric options and remains in Russian export and Indian BDL production context.
POM-2, Scatterable antipersonnel fragmentation mine, Infantry Weapons2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Second Libyan Civil War +1 morePOM-2Scatterable antipersonnel fragmentation mineBuilt: Soviet and Russian state arsenals / Soviet Union / RussiaThe POM-2 is a Soviet/Russian scatterable antipersonnel fragmentation mine that deploys tripwire sensors after delivery by rockets, helicopters, aircraft, vehicles, or specialized dispensers. It appears in documented Russian-linked mine warfare in Ukraine and Libya, and in photographed Soviet mine contamination on former 2011 Syrian Civil War contact-line farmland.
SVD, Semi-automatic designated marksman rifle, Infantry Weapons2009 Boko Haram Insurgency, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +2 moreSVDSemi-automatic designated marksman rifleBuilt: Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant / Kalashnikov Concern / Soviet Union / RussiaThe SVD, commonly known as the Dragunov, is a Soviet 7.62x54R semi-automatic designated marksman rifle designed to give infantry units longer-range precision fire without the weight and slower rate of a bolt-action sniper rifle. Its fixed-stock, folding-stock, modernized, and heavy-caliber variants remain visible across state forces and non-state armed groups, including documented use in Ukraine, Syria, Afghanistan, and the Lake Chad Basin.
POMZ-2, Stake-mounted antipersonnel fragmentation mine, Infantry Weapons2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 1979 Soviet-Afghan War +2 morePOMZ-2Stake-mounted antipersonnel fragmentation mineBuilt: Soviet state arsenals / Various manufacturers / Soviet UnionThe POMZ-2 is a Soviet stake-mounted antipersonnel fragmentation mine built around a serrated cast-iron body, TNT charge, and pull-fuze tripwire. Its simple above-ground layout made the mine a persistent legacy hazard: cataloged use now spans Soviet mine warfare in Afghanistan, Vietnamese forces in the 1955 Vietnam War, Nagorno-Karabakh stockpiles and defensive minefields, and a limited 2011 Syrian Civil War indication tied to Syrian government forces.
Toophan anti-tank guided missile, Tube-launched anti-tank guided missile family, Infantry Weapons2011 Syrian Civil War, 2013 War in Iraq +2 moreToophan anti-tank guided missileTube-launched anti-tank guided missile familyBuilt: Iranian defense industry / Aerospace Industries Organization / Iran Electronics Industries / IranThe Toophan is an Iranian anti-tank guided missile family derived from the BGM-71 TOW, with wire-guided baseline models and later top-attack, thermobaric, and laser-guided branches. Public reporting connects Toophan systems to Syrian-government-aligned militias, Iraqi Popular Mobilization Unit forces, Houthi-aligned forces in Yemen, and Hezbollah forces in Lebanon through fielded-system, interdiction, battlefield-recovery, and direct-use evidence.
Munitions

Category

Standalone missiles, bombs, rockets, torpedoes, and guided or unguided explosive payloads.

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S-8 rocket family, 80 mm unguided air-to-surface rocket family, Munitions2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +2 moreS-8 rocket family80 mm unguided air-to-surface rocket familyBuilt: Soviet defense industry / NPO Splav / Soviet Union / Russia / SerbiaThe S-8 is a Soviet-origin 80 mm unguided air-to-surface rocket family fired from B-series pods on attack helicopters and ground-attack aircraft. The family uses warhead-specific designations for HEAT-fragmentation, concrete-piercing, thermobaric, illumination, smoke or marking, and later high-power or guided derivatives, with documented conflict use from Syria and Georgia to Darfur and Ukraine.
140 mm M-14 rocket, 140 mm unguided artillery rocket, Munitions2011 Syrian Civil War140 mm M-14 rocket140 mm unguided artillery rocketBuilt: Soviet ordnance production / Soviet Union / PolandThe 140 mm M-14 is a Soviet spin-stabilized artillery rocket family developed for BM-14 and RPU-14 multiple rocket launchers. Open references identify high-explosive fragmentation, smoke/incendiary, and chemical-warhead branches; conflict documentation places an M-14 rocket motor in the 2013 Western Ghouta attack during the Syrian Civil War, with attribution and payload evidence handled narrowly because public imagery and UN reporting identify the motor and attack context more clearly than a recovered intact M-14 warhead.
9K25 Krasnopol laser-guided projectile, 152/155 mm laser-guided artillery projectile, Munitions2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War9K25 Krasnopol laser-guided projectile152/155 mm laser-guided artillery projectileBuilt: KBP Instrument Design Bureau / RussiaThe 9K25 Krasnopol family is a Russian laser-guided artillery projectile line built around semi-active laser homing for precision tube-artillery fire. KBP-origin projectiles in the family include Soviet-era 152 mm rounds, shorter Krasnopol-M designs compatible with the 2S19 Msta-S autoloader, and Krasnopol-M2 rounds documented in Russian use in Ukraine. The projectile depends on a target being illuminated by ground or airborne laser designators, making Orlan-30 and similar target-acquisition systems part of the weapon's practical employment chain.
53-F-864 / F-864 240 mm mortar bomb, 240 mm high-explosive fragmentation mortar bomb, Munitions2011 Syrian Civil War53-F-864 / F-864 240 mm mortar bomb240 mm high-explosive fragmentation mortar bombBuilt: Soviet ordnance production / Soviet UnionThe 53-F-864, commonly cited as F-864 and also rendered 3OF-864 in Tyulpan references, is a Soviet 240 mm high-explosive fragmentation mortar bomb for the M-240 / 2S4 Tyulpan heavy-mortar family. It is notable as a very heavy conventional mortar round: Human Rights Watch documented F-864 bombs in Syrian army shelling of Homs, and technical references report a projectile mass of about 130 kg and a maximum Tyulpan range of about 9.65 km.
500 kg bomb, 500 kg air-dropped bomb class, Munitions2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War500 kg bomb500 kg air-dropped bomb classBuilt: Various manufacturers / VariousThe 500 kg bomb is a weight-class entry for air-dropped bombs rather than one national design. It covers representative general-purpose and high-explosive bomb bodies such as Indian 500 KG GP Bomb products and Soviet/Russian FAB-500-family examples, with open sources documenting FAB-500-class use in Ukraine and Syria and carrier references linking the class to aircraft such as the F-7NI, H-5, and Su-34.
Kh-59, Air-launched cruise missile family, Munitions2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarKh-59Air-launched cruise missile familyBuilt: Raduga Design Bureau / Tactical Missile Armament Corporation / Smolensk Aviation Plant / Soviet Union / RussiaThe Kh-59 Ovod is a Soviet/Russian air-launched cruise missile family developed by Raduga for tactical standoff strike from combat aircraft. The family spans the original TV-guided Kh-59, turbojet-powered Kh-59M/ME, active-radar Kh-59MK anti-ship missile, satellite-guided Kh-59MK2 land-attack missile, and Kh-59MKM penetrator variant. Russia has used Kh-59-series missiles during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, and open sources separately describe caveated Kh-59MK2 combat-test reporting from Syria.
Kh-55/Kh-555, Air-launched subsonic cruise missile family, Munitions2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarKh-55/Kh-555Air-launched subsonic cruise missile familyBuilt: Raduga Design Bureau / Soviet Union / RussiaThe Kh-55/Kh-555 family is a Soviet-designed, Raduga-built air-launched cruise missile line used by Soviet and Russian strategic aviation. The original Kh-55 and Kh-55SM were nuclear-armed standoff weapons, while the Kh-555 is a conventional derivative with improved accuracy and reported range up to about 3,500 km. Russian Tu-95MS and Tu-160 bombers have used the family in long-range strike packages in Ukraine and Syria.
HOT anti-tank guided missile, Anti-tank guided missile, Munitions1990 Gulf War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +1 moreHOT anti-tank guided missileAnti-tank guided missileBuilt: Euromissile / MBDA / France and GermanyHOT is a Franco-German wire-guided anti-tank missile family developed by Euromissile and carried by armored vehicles and helicopters. The family moved from the baseline HOT missile through improved HOT-2 and tandem-warhead HOT-3 rounds, with direct public evidence for French and Syrian HOT missile use in the Gulf War, the Syrian Civil War, and the 2011 Libya intervention.
9N235 cluster submunition, High-explosive fragmentation cluster submunition, Munitions2011 Syrian Civil War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +1 more9N235 cluster submunitionHigh-explosive fragmentation cluster submunitionBuilt: NPO Splav / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 9N235 is a Soviet/Russian fin-stabilized high-explosive fragmentation submunition dispersed by Smerch and Uragan cargo rockets. Open-source ordnance investigations and humanitarian monitors document it in Syria, Ukraine, and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, where it appears as an area-effect rocket-artillery payload rather than a standalone fired weapon.
Chlorine gas cylinders, Improvised chlorine chemical munition, Munitions2011 Syrian Civil WarChlorine gas cylindersImprovised chlorine chemical munitionBuilt: Unknown / Unknown / SyriaChlorine gas cylinders are industrial pressure vessels that become improvised chemical munitions when adapted or delivered to release toxic chlorine intentionally. In the April 2018 U.S., UK, and French strikes in the 2011 Syrian Civil War archive, the relevant use is the Douma attack: OPCW investigators found that Syrian Arab Air Force helicopters dropped two yellow chlorine-filled cylinders on residential buildings, providing the chemical-weapons trigger cited by the United States, United Kingdom, and France for the 14 April 2018 missile strikes.
9M120 Ataka, Radio-command anti-tank guided missile, Munitions2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War9M120 AtakaRadio-command anti-tank guided missileBuilt: Kolomna Machine-Building Design Bureau / RussiaThe 9M120 Ataka is a Soviet/Russian anti-tank guided missile family developed from the 9M114 Shturm for helicopter and vehicle launch. Its radio-command SACLOS guidance, 6 km baseline range, tandem HEAT and specialist warhead options place it between legacy Shturm missiles and newer Russian helicopter-launched weapons; documented use includes Russian helicopter employment in Ukraine and Syria.
9M723 Iskander ballistic missile, Road-mobile short-range ballistic missile, Munitions2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +2 more9M723 Iskander ballistic missileRoad-mobile short-range ballistic missileBuilt: Kolomna Machine Building Design Bureau (KBM) / Votkinsk Machine Building Plant / RussiaThe 9M723 is the ballistic missile fired by Russia's Iskander-M system, a road-mobile short-range strike weapon associated with conventional, cluster, and nuclear-capable payload options. Its combat record spans Russian use in Ukraine, Syria, and Georgia, plus disputed Armenian use around Shusha in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh fighting.
3F2 Gagara, Rocket-assisted 240 mm high-explosive mortar projectile, Munitions2011 Syrian Civil War3F2 GagaraRocket-assisted 240 mm high-explosive mortar projectileBuilt: Soviet defense industry / Soviet UnionThe 3F2 Gagara is the projectile in the Soviet 3VF2 240 mm rocket-assisted high-explosive mortar round for the M-240 and 2S4 Tyulpan heavy mortars. Technical references describe a 228 kg projectile with a large high-explosive filling and a 3M15 rocket motor, while Human Rights Watch identified 3F2 Gagara remnants from a November 2018 Syrian government attack in Idlib.
Kalibr, Sea-launched cruise missile family, Munitions2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarKalibrSea-launched cruise missile familyBuilt: Novator Design Bureau / RussiaKalibr is a Russian sea-launched cruise missile family centered on the 3M-14 land-attack missile known to NATO as SS-N-30A, with related anti-ship and anti-submarine branches. Russian naval forces used Kalibr as a long-range strike showcase in Syria and then as part of repeated missile campaigns against Ukraine, where recovered 3M14 missiles have provided public evidence on warheads, guidance, and imported electronics.
P-800 Oniks, Supersonic anti-ship cruise missile, Munitions2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarP-800 OniksSupersonic anti-ship cruise missileBuilt: NPO Mashinostroyenia / RussiaThe P-800 Oniks is a Russian 3M55-family supersonic cruise missile developed by NPO Mashinostroyenia for anti-ship attack from ships, submarines, aircraft, and Bastion coastal launchers. Although designed for maritime strike, Russia has fired Bastion-launched Oniks missiles at land targets in Syria and southern Ukraine, giving the page both missile-family and conflict-use context.
9M21 rocket, Unguided artillery rocket, Munitions1973 Yom Kippur War, 1980 Iran-Iraq War +3 more9M21 rocketUnguided artillery rocketBuilt: Barrikada plant / Soviet UnionThe 9M21 is the Soviet unguided, spin-stabilized artillery rocket fired by the 9K52 Luna-M/FROG-7 system. It paired a single-stage solid motor with interchangeable warhead sections, giving Luna-M batteries conventional high-explosive, cluster, chemical, nuclear, and leaflet-dispensing options. Direct conflict sources trace FROG-7 or 9M21 use by Syria, Iraq, and Houthi-aligned forces.
Naval Systems

Category

Warships, submarines, unmanned surface vessels, naval craft, and maritime combat systems.

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Project 636 / 636M / 636.3 Kilo-class submarine, Diesel-electric attack submarine, Naval Systems2011 Syrian Civil War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine WarProject 636 / 636M / 636.3 Kilo-class submarineDiesel-electric attack submarineBuilt: Admiralty Shipyards / Rubin Design Bureau / RussiaProject 636 is Russia's export-improved Kilo / Varshavyanka diesel-electric attack submarine line, derived from Project 877 and later split across export missile-capable variants and the Russian Navy Project 636.3 / 06363 Improved Kilo II branch. The family keeps six 533 mm bow tubes for torpedoes, mines, and tube-launched cruise missiles, while later 636.3 boats add Kalibr-PL strike capability and updated sensor, navigation, and combat-management equipment.
Udaloy-class anti-submarine destroyer, Guided-missile anti-submarine destroyer, Naval Systems2011 Syrian Civil War, 2008 Somali Piracy / Operation AtalantaUdaloy-class anti-submarine destroyerGuided-missile anti-submarine destroyerBuilt: Yantar Shipyard / Zhdanov Shipyard / Soviet UnionThe Udaloy-class, Soviet Project 1155 Fregat, is a Soviet/Russian anti-submarine destroyer family built around long-range ocean escort and submarine-hunting missions. Project 1155 ships combined bow and variable-depth sonar, two Ka-27 helicopters, SS-N-14/Rastrub missiles, torpedoes, RBU-6000 launchers, and gas-turbine propulsion; later Udaloy II and Marshal Shaposhnikov-style refits added heavier multi-role strike fits. Documented deployments tie Udaloy-class ships to Russia's Syria intervention and counter-piracy patrols off Somalia.
Project 21631 Buyan-M-class guided-missile corvette, Guided-missile corvette, Naval Systems2011 Syrian Civil War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine WarProject 21631 Buyan-M-class guided-missile corvetteGuided-missile corvetteBuilt: Zelenodolsk Plant named after A. M. Gorky / RussiaProject 21631 Buyan-M is a Russian river-sea guided-missile corvette class designed by Zelenodolsk Design Bureau and built at Zelenodolsk Plant named after A.M. Gorky. The class combines shallow-draft inland-water mobility with an eight-cell UKSK launcher for Kalibr or Oniks missiles, giving small Caspian, Black Sea, and Baltic combatants documented long-range strike roles in Syria and Ukraine.
Project 1164 Atlant / Slava-class guided-missile cruiser, Guided-missile cruiser, Naval Systems2008 Russo-Georgian War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +1 moreProject 1164 Atlant / Slava-class guided-missile cruiserGuided-missile cruiserBuilt: 61 Kommunara Shipbuilding Plant / Soviet UnionThe Project 1164 Atlant / Slava-class guided-missile cruiser is a Soviet-designed surface-strike cruiser class built at the 61 Kommunara yard in Mykolaiv. Its large angled anti-ship missile battery, S-300F Fort area air defense, Osa-M point defense, AK-130 gun, and helicopter deck made the class a Russian fleet flagship type, with Moskva documented in the 2008 Russo-Georgian War, Russia's Syria operation, and the 2022 phase of the Russia-Ukraine War before its sinking in the Black Sea.
Project 11356R / Admiral Grigorovich-class frigate, Guided-missile frigate, Naval Systems2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarProject 11356R / Admiral Grigorovich-class frigateGuided-missile frigateBuilt: Yantar Shipyard / RussiaProject 11356R / Admiral Grigorovich-class frigates are Russian guided-missile frigates built by Yantar Shipyard from Severnoye Design Bureau's Project 11356 design line. Three ships entered Russian Navy service in 2016-2017 for Black Sea Fleet use, combining Kalibr land-attack capability, Shtil-1 air defense, a helicopter hangar, and reduced-signature hull features; later unfinished Russian hulls were redirected into India's upgraded Project 1135.6/Tushil-class path.
BK-18 high-speed landing / assault craft (Project 02511), High-speed landing / assault craft, Naval Systems2011 Syrian Civil WarBK-18 high-speed landing / assault craft (Project 02511)High-speed landing / assault craftBuilt: Kalashnikov Concern / Rybinsk Shipyard / RussiaThe BK-18 high-speed landing / assault craft (Project 02511) is an enlarged Russian BK-series combat boat built by Rybinsk Shipyard for Kalashnikov Concern. Public references describe a 25-ton, 18.6-meter craft with pump-jet propulsion, a 40-knot top speed, 3 crew, and space for 19 embarked personnel; Russian Black Sea Fleet reporting places BK-18-type boats in anti-sabotage and base-protection duties connected to Tartus, Syria.
Oscar II-class submarine, Nuclear-powered cruise missile submarine, Naval Systems2011 Syrian Civil WarOscar II-class submarineNuclear-powered cruise missile submarineBuilt: Sevmash / RussiaThe Oscar II-class submarine is NATO's reporting name for Project 949A Antey, the improved Soviet/Russian third-generation nuclear-powered cruise-missile submarine designed by Rubin and built by Sevmash. The class was built around a carrier-strike mission with 24 P-700 Granit anti-ship missiles in side launchers, a large double-hull SSGN design, long endurance, and improved crew habitability; later Project 949AM modernization reporting centers on replacing the Granit fit with newer cruise missiles.
Project 1144 Orlan / Kirov-class nuclear-powered guided-missile heavy cruiser, Nuclear-powered guided-missile heavy cruiser, Naval Systems2011 Syrian Civil WarProject 1144 Orlan / Kirov-class nuclear-powered guided-missile heavy cruiserNuclear-powered guided-missile heavy cruiserBuilt: Baltic Shipyard / Soviet UnionProject 1144 Orlan, better known as the Kirov class, is a Soviet-designed nuclear-powered guided-missile heavy cruiser family built around P-700 Granit anti-ship missiles, layered air defense, anti-submarine weapons, and a three-helicopter aviation fit. Built by Baltic Shipyard in Leningrad, the class became one of the largest non-carrier surface combatant families of the Cold War and later appeared in Russian Syrian-war naval task-force operations through Pyotr Velikiy.
Vishnya class (Project 864) intelligence ship, Signals intelligence collection ship class, Naval Systems2011 Syrian Civil War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine WarVishnya class (Project 864) intelligence shipSignals intelligence collection ship classBuilt: Stocznia Północna / PolandThe Vishnya class (Project 864), also known as the Meridian class, is a Soviet-designed signals intelligence collection ship class built in Poland for the Soviet and later Russian Navy. The ships are purpose-built SIGINT and COMINT collectors with satellite-link antennas, sonar, and short-range self-defense weapons; documented wartime employment includes Russian deployments around Syria and Priazovye's 2023 Black Sea pipeline-security mission during the Russia-Ukraine War.
Moma class (Project 861M) intelligence ship, Signals intelligence ship class, Naval Systems2011 Syrian Civil WarMoma class (Project 861M) intelligence shipSignals intelligence ship classBuilt: Stocznia Polnocna shipyard / PolandThe Moma class (Project 861M) is a Soviet and Russian signals-intelligence ship conversion of Polish-built Project 861 survey vessels from Stocznia Polnocna in Gdansk. The class was converted for electronic intelligence work from 1970 onward, retained light self-defense armament, and included ships such as Liman and Kildin that were later reported in Russian naval intelligence activity around Syria and Tartus.
Support Equipment

Category

Transport, logistics, recovery, command, engineering, and other enabling equipment.

5/5
PMM-2 / PMM-2M, Amphibious ferry-bridge vehicle, Support Equipment2011 Syrian Civil WarPMM-2 / PMM-2MAmphibious ferry-bridge vehicleBuilt: Kryukiv Railway Car Building Works / Soviet Union / UkraineThe PMM-2 is a Soviet tracked amphibious ferry-bridge vehicle built to carry tanks and other heavy equipment across water obstacles, with fold-out side pontoons that let a single vehicle operate as a ferry or several vehicles link into a larger crossing. The PMM-2M modernization appears in Russian service coverage, including the 2017 Syrian Civil War Euphrates crossing near Deir ez-Zor.
Il-76, Heavy military transport aircraft, Support Equipment1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 2014 Second Libyan Civil War +3 moreIl-76Heavy military transport aircraftBuilt: Ilyushin / Tashkent Aviation Production Association / Aviastar-SP / Soviet Union / Uzbekistan / RussiaThe Il-76 is a Soviet-designed heavy transport aircraft known by NATO as Candid, built for cargo, troop movement, and rough-field operations. First flown in 1971 and still in service through modernized variants, it appears in wartime airlift, embargo-era resupply, and theater logistics roles from Afghanistan and Libya to Ukraine, Syria, and Sudan.
BTS-4, Tracked armored recovery vehicle, Support Equipment2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarBTS-4Tracked armored recovery vehicleBuilt: Soviet defense industry / Soviet UnionThe BTS-4 is a Soviet tracked armored recovery vehicle family built around tank-hull recovery work: towing disabled armor, winching stuck vehicles, lifting heavy components, and supporting field repair teams. Ukrainian and Western reporting describes upgraded BTS-4 vehicles with T-54/T-55 hull lineage, a front crane, dozer blade, and heavy winch package, while visual-loss records document BTS-4-family vehicles on both sides of the Russia-Ukraine War and one BTS-4 captured from Syrian regime forces in 2024.
UR-77 Meteorit, Tracked mine-clearing line-charge vehicle, Support Equipment2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarUR-77 MeteoritTracked mine-clearing line-charge vehicleBuilt: Kharkov Tractor Plant / Soviet defense industry / Soviet UnionThe UR-77 Meteorit is a Soviet tracked combat-engineering vehicle that fires rocket-propelled explosive line charges from a protected 2S1-derived chassis. Built to open lanes through minefields for mechanized forces, it has also appeared in urban fighting where the same line charge can be used as a short-range demolition weapon. Public conflict evidence places UR-77s with Russian and Ukrainian forces in the Russia-Ukraine War and with Syrian government-aligned forces in the Syrian Civil War.
An-26, Twin-engine tactical transport aircraft, Support Equipment2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +2 moreAn-26Twin-engine tactical transport aircraftBuilt: Antonov Design Bureau / Soviet Union / UkraineThe An-26 is an Antonov-designed twin-turboprop tactical transport built around a rear cargo door and pressure ramp for rapid loading, parachute drops, and military cargo movement. Antonov records Kyiv production from 1969 to 1986, while conflict evidence places the type in Ukrainian, Syrian, Russian, Sudanese, and Libyan transport, resupply, improvised-bomber, and aircraft-loss contexts.
Tanks

Category

Heavy armor built around direct fire, protection, and battlefield shock.

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T-62, Main battle tank, Tanks1973 Yom Kippur War, 1979 Soviet-Afghan War +7 moreT-62Main battle tankBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / Soviet UnionThe T-62 is a Soviet main battle tank built around a 115 mm U-5TS/2A20 smoothbore gun, a four-person crew, and a conventional tracked armor layout inherited from the T-54/T-55 design line. Produced in large numbers by Uralvagonzavod, it moved from Cold War export and Soviet service into long-tail combat use: Egyptian and Iraqi T-62s appear in 1970s and 1991 conflict records, while upgraded or inherited T-62M/T-62MV stocks reappeared in Syria, Libya, Ukraine, Tigray, and Yemen.
T-72, Main battle tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +7 moreT-72Main battle tankBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / Various manufacturers / Soviet Union / Russia / licensed producersThe T-72 is a Soviet main battle tank family built around a three-person crew, an autoloaded 125 mm gun, and a compact tracked chassis that entered Soviet service in 1974. Its long production run, licensed derivatives, and post-Soviet stockpiles made it a recurring armored vehicle in Iraq, Chechnya, Georgia, Syria, Yemen, Nagorno-Karabakh, and the Russia-Ukraine War.
T-90, Main battle tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarT-90Main battle tankBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / RussiaThe T-90 is a Russian main battle tank family developed from the late Soviet T-72B line and built by Uralvagonzavod. This baseline page covers the original T-90 and Russian-service T-90A/T-90AK branch, separating it from the catalog's export T-90S/T-90SA and modernized T-90M records. Direct conflict evidence places T-90A-family tanks with Russian forces in eastern Ukraine and in the full-scale Russia-Ukraine War, and with Syrian government forces and later captured users during the Syrian Civil War.
T-54/T-55, Main battle tank / medium tank family, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2009 Boko Haram Insurgency +7 moreT-54/T-55Main battle tank / medium tank familyBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / Kharkiv Locomotive Factory / Various manufacturers / Soviet Union / Poland / CzechoslovakiaThe T-54/T-55 is a Soviet tank family built around a low-profile tracked hull, four-person crew, and 100 mm D-10-series gun. It became one of the most widely produced tank families of the Cold War, with Soviet and licensed production spreading across Warsaw Pact and partner states. Direct conflict sourcing traces the family from North Vietnamese T-54 use in the 1975 fall of Saigon and Iraqi T-55s in the Gulf War to recent secondary fire-support, capture, and loss contexts in Ukraine, Yemen, Libya, Syria, Nagorno-Karabakh, Nigeria, and Sudan.