Category catalog

Artillery Weapon Systems

Tube artillery, rocket artillery, and long-range ground fires.

This category includes tube artillery, self-propelled howitzers, and rocket artillery represented as individual systems in the catalog.

Entries emphasize range, caliber, launcher type, mobility, manufacturer background, and the source-backed context for each fire-support system.

237 weapon systems

Category

Artillery

Tube artillery, rocket artillery, and long-range ground fires.

150/237
2A42 30 mm automatic cannon, 30 mm automatic cannon, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War2A42 30 mm automatic cannon30 mm automatic cannonSide: RussiaUkraineBuilt: Tulamashzavod / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 2A42 is a Soviet-origin 30 mm autocannon developed in the 1970s for the BMP-2 and later fitted to airborne vehicles, armored platforms, and attack helicopters. Its dual-feed, selectable-rate design fires 30x165 mm ammunition, and direct reporting from the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War documents both Ukrainian and Russian improvised 2A42 battlefield installations.
2A72 30 mm automatic cannon, 30 mm dual-feed automatic cannon, Artillery2011 Syrian Civil War2A72 30 mm automatic cannon30 mm dual-feed automatic cannonSide: Syrian government and alliesBuilt: Tulamashzavod Joint Stock Company / RussiaThe 2A72 is a Russian 30x165 mm dual-feed automatic cannon designed by KBP Instrument Design Bureau and manufactured by Tulamashzavod Joint Stock Company. It is a lighter, recoil-operated 2A42-family gun used as a coaxial cannon on BMP-3 and BMD-4M-type turrets and as the main weapon on 30 mm BTR-80A/BTR-82A installations, with direct open-source reporting tying BTR-82A 2A72 fire to fighting near Latakia during the 2011 Syrian Civil War.
M824 60 mm illumination mortar projectile, 60 mm illumination mortar projectile, Artillery2023 Israel-Hamas WarM824 60 mm illumination mortar projectile60 mm illumination mortar projectileSide: IsraelBuilt: Israel Military Industries / Elbit Systems Land / IsraelThe M824 is a 60 mm illumination mortar projectile in the Israeli mortar-ammunition lineage now carried in Elbit Systems Land's portfolio. Elbit says the round carries a parachute-retarded flare, burns for 35 seconds, reaches 2,200 m, uses a time fuze, and fires from smoothbore 60 mm mortar barrels. A 2010 Forecast International report listed IMI's M824 as an extended-range illumination round, and OSMP documented a tentative M824 in Gaza in July 2024 as a delivered and functioned munition.
60 mm M57 mortar, 60 mm light infantry mortar, Artillery2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict60 mm M57 mortar60 mm light infantry mortarSide: Armenia / ArtsakhBuilt: PPT Namenska / SerbiaThe 60 mm M57 is a Yugoslav-pattern smoothbore light infantry mortar now listed by Serbian manufacturer PPT Namenska and in Yugoimport export material. Its official sheets describe a high-angle fire-support weapon built around barrel, base plate, bipod, sight, tools, spares, and accessories; post-Yugoslav records also show Serbian surplus stocks and Balkan export activity. In the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, open-source loss documentation recorded M57 mortars captured from Armenian forces.
Mortar launcher, 60mm, 60 mm light mortar launcher, Artillery2009 Boko Haram InsurgencyMortar launcher, 60mm60 mm light mortar launcherSide: Boko Haram and ISWAPBuilt: Various manufacturers / Multiple countries; not identified for the recovered Boko Haram/ISWAP tubesA 60 mm mortar launcher is a light infantry indirect-fire system built around a smoothbore, muzzle-loaded tube that can be used in conventional bipod-and-baseplate form or, on some modern systems, in reduced handheld or commando configurations. In the 2009 Boko Haram Insurgency, Nigerian reporting has documented 60 mm mortar tubes recovered from ISWAP fighters around Marte, Gajiram, Mandara Mountain, and the Timbuktu Triangle, while Conflict Armament Research has separately documented mortar materiel and captured 60 mm rounds among JAS/Boko Haram and ISWAP-linked seizures around Lake Chad. The recovered launcher models are not publicly identified, so this entry treats the item as a caliber-class system rather than a specific national model.
M224, 60 mm lightweight company mortar, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 War Against the Islamic State +1 moreM22460 mm lightweight company mortarSide: UkraineAnti-ISIS coalition and partner forcesUnited States, NATO, and Afghan government forcesBuilt: Watervliet Arsenal / United StatesThe M224 is a U.S. 60 mm lightweight company mortar built for infantry close-support fires from either a conventional bipod/baseplate setup or a lighter handheld mode. Its 70- to 3,490-meter conventional-mode range, high-angle fire, and mix of high-explosive, smoke, illumination, and training cartridges make it useful for small-unit suppression, screening, marking, and illumination; documented uses include Ukrainian front-line employment, U.S. coalition advise-and-assist fires during 2014 Operation Inherent Resolve, and U.S. Army field use in Afghanistan.
MMB17 mortar family, 60 mm, 81/82 mm, and 120 mm smoothbore mortar family, ArtilleryMMB17 mortar family60 mm, 81/82 mm, and 120 mm smoothbore mortar familySide: UnknownBuilt: M Adler D / CroatiaThe MMB17 mortar family is M Adler D's Croatian in-house mortar line for ground-force indirect fire, covering 60 mm light, 81/82 mm medium, and 120 mm heavy variants. Current official data presents all three with 360-degree traverse and 45-85 degree elevation, with maximum published ranges from 5,000 m for the 60 mm M96-bomb configuration to 9,225 m for the 120 mm rocket-assisted-bomb configuration.
M93A3 Heron, 70 mm towed multiple rocket launcher, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine WarM93A3 Heron70 mm towed multiple rocket launcherSide: UkraineBuilt: Đuro Đaković Special Vehicles / CroatiaThe M93A3 Heron is a Croatian lightweight towed multiple rocket launcher documented in Croatian defence-industry material as the HERON B/LVLR 70 M93A3. The system uses forty 70 mm launch tubes on a single-axle trailer for direct or indirect area fire, with a fire remote controller, single-shot or ripple/salvo firing, and the RAK 70 TF M95 rocket family. Open-source reporting in 2025 documented the rare Croatian system in Ukrainian service during the Russia-Ukraine war, while the transfer route and number delivered remain publicly unclear.
2A28 Grom, 73 mm low-pressure smoothbore cannon, Artillery1973 Yom Kippur War, 1979 Soviet-Afghan War +1 more2A28 Grom73 mm low-pressure smoothbore cannonSide: EgyptSyriaSoviet Union and Afghan government forcesIraqBuilt: KBP / Soviet UnionThe 2A28 Grom is a Soviet 73 mm low-pressure smoothbore cannon designed by KBP in Tula and used as the main gun on BMP-1, BMD-1, and related light armored vehicles. Its compact semi-automatic loading system, short recoil, and PG-15V/OG-15V ammunition gave early Soviet infantry fighting vehicles a short-range direct-fire weapon, while the Russia-Ukraine War has also produced improvised dismounted 2A28 support-gun adaptations.
76 mm L23A1 gun, 76 mm low-velocity tank gun, Artillery1982 Falklands War, 1990 Gulf War76 mm L23A1 gun76 mm low-velocity tank gunSide: United KingdomCoalition forcesBuilt: Royal Ordnance / United KingdomThe 76 mm L23A1 gun is a British low-velocity rifled tank gun developed by Royal Ordnance for the FV101 Scorpion and related CVR(T) fire-support vehicles. It was designed as a lighter derivative of the L5A1 with interchangeable fixed ammunition, hydropneumatic recoil, and a practical rate of fire of six rounds per minute, then saw British operational use on Scorpion vehicles in the 1982 Falklands War and 1990 Gulf War.
Mortar launcher, 81mm, 81 mm crew-served medium mortar, Artillery2009 Boko Haram Insurgency, 2014 War Against the Islamic State +1 moreMortar launcher, 81mm81 mm crew-served medium mortarSide: Boko Haram and ISWAPAnti-ISIS coalition and partner forcesUnited States, NATO, and Afghan government forcesBuilt: Various manufacturers / Multiple countriesThe 81 mm mortar launcher is a crew-served medium-mortar class for high-angle indirect fire with high-explosive, smoke, illumination, and training ammunition. This entry treats the L16/M252/M252A1 line as representative of modern 81 mm launchers while keeping conflict-use claims model-specific where sources allow: Boko Haram/ISWAP reporting identifies recovered 81 mm mortar equipment without a model, CJTF-OIR imagery identifies Iraqi M252 training at Camp Taji, and Task Force Southwest imagery identifies U.S. Marine M252 use at Camp Shorab in Afghanistan.
81/82 mm mortar, 81/82 mm crew-served medium mortar, Artillery2009 Boko Haram Insurgency, 2014 War Against the Islamic State +3 more81/82 mm mortar81/82 mm crew-served medium mortarSide: Boko Haram and ISWAPAnti-ISIS coalition and partner forcesUnited States, NATO, and Afghan government forcesKurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)Malian government and international forcesBuilt: Various manufacturers / Multiple countriesThe 81/82 mm mortar family covers the modern crew-served, muzzle-loaded, smoothbore indirect-fire class descended from the Stokes mortar lineage and still fielded worldwide in variant-specific forms. This is a family-level page: 81 mm L16/M252/M252A1/F2-type systems and 82 mm Soviet/Russian-pattern systems such as 2B14 and 2B24 share a medium-mortar battlefield role but are not interchangeable hardware. Conflict rows stay at the caliber or named-system level supported by the source, including Boko Haram/ISWAP recovered 81 mm equipment, Iraqi M252 training under Operation Inherent Resolve, U.S. Marine M252 use and Afghan Border Police 82 mm sustainment in Afghanistan, PKK 81/82 mm mortar use where no single model is identified, and Chadian 82 mm mortar training before operations in Mali.
82 mm 2B9 Vasilek automatic mortar, 82 mm automatic gun-mortar, Artillery1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +2 more82 mm 2B9 Vasilek automatic mortar82 mm automatic gun-mortarSide: Soviet Union and Afghan government forcesSyrian government and alliesOpposition and anti-government forcesRussiaUkraineArmenia / ArtsakhBuilt: Bolshevik Plant / Diósgyőri Gépgyár / Norinco / Soviet Union; Hungary; ChinaThe 82 mm 2B9 Vasilek is a Soviet automatic gun-mortar that combines mortar trajectories with clip-fed rapid fire from a wheeled carriage. Source-backed conflict records place the family in Soviet-Afghan fire-support accounts, Syrian government and opposition use, Russian-side use in Ukraine, and captured Armenian equipment in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh fighting.
KBA-48M 82 mm mortar, 82 mm portable mortar, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine WarKBA-48M 82 mm mortar82 mm portable mortarSide: UkraineBuilt: Design Bureau "Artillery Armament" / UkraineThe KBA-48M is a Ukrainian 82 mm portable mortar family developed by Design Bureau "Artillery Armament" from the Soviet 2B14 Podnos pattern. Public sources describe a 48.6 kg mortar with a titanium-alloy weight-saving design, a 4 km firing range, and KBA-48M1/KBA48M1-02 service-production designations; Come Back Alive and Militarnyi document KBA-48M1 mortars transferred to Ukrainian units during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
82 mm M69 mortar, 82 mm smoothbore infantry mortar, Artillery2001 War in Afghanistan, 2011 Syrian Civil War +2 more82 mm M69 mortar82 mm smoothbore infantry mortarSide: United States, NATO, and Afghan government forcesOpposition and anti-government forcesArmenia / ArtsakhUkraineBuilt: Yugoslav state arsenals / PPT Namenska / BNT Novi Travnik / Yugoslavia / Serbia / Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe 82 mm M69 is a Yugoslav-designed smoothbore infantry mortar family that remains in Serbian and former Yugoslav production and service channels, with the M69A variant using a four-person crew, NSB-3 sight, and high-angle fire out to roughly 4.9-6.25 km depending on ammunition. Direct open-source documentation links the family to Afghan government losses in 2021, Syrian opposition use near Aleppo, Armenian and Artsakh losses in Nagorno-Karabakh, and Ukrainian wartime receipt of BNT-marked M69A mortars.
2B14 Podnos, 82 mm smoothbore mortar, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War2B14 Podnos82 mm smoothbore mortarSide: UkraineRussiaBuilt: Burevestnik / Gorky Engineering Plant / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 2B14 Podnos is a Soviet 82 mm smoothbore mortar developed in the early 1980s as a lighter, longer-ranged replacement for older battalion mortars. Its barrel, baseplate, and bipod can be broken into infantry-portable loads, while OSCE and open-license Russian Ministry of Defence media document Podnos mortars on both sides of the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
D-44, 85 mm towed field gun, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2020 Tigray War +3 moreD-4485 mm towed field gunSide: UkraineRussiaTigray forcesArmenia / ArtsakhHouthi-aligned forcesYemeni government and Saudi-led coalition forcesNorth Vietnam and Viet CongBuilt: No. 9 Uralmashzavod / Soviet UnionThe D-44 is a Soviet 85 mm divisional field gun from the No. 9 Uralmashzavod design line, developed after World War II as a replacement for the 76 mm ZiS-3. Its long postwar life spans Type 56 licensed production, North Vietnamese artillery use in 1972, and modern Russia-Ukraine War appearances as both a towed gun and an improvised MT-LB-mounted fire-support weapon.
100 mm D-10 tank gun, 100 mm rifled tank and anti-tank gun, Artillery100 mm D-10 tank gun100 mm rifled tank and anti-tank gunSide: UnknownBuilt: Plant No. 9 / Soviet UnionThe 100 mm D-10 is a Soviet rifled gun family developed for armored-vehicle use at the end of the Second World War. Its D-10S form armed the SU-100 tank destroyer, while D-10T, D-10TG, and D-10T2S tank-gun variants became the main armament of T-54/T-55-family tanks and related foreign designs. This record is relationship-only because the available sources support platform installation and service history, not independent conflict-use rows for the gun separate from its carrier vehicles.
105 mm Howitzer M3, 105 mm lightweight towed howitzer, ArtillerySecond World War105 mm Howitzer M3105 mm lightweight towed howitzerSide: Allied PowersBuilt: Rock Island Arsenal / United StatesThe 105 mm Howitzer M3 was a U.S. lightweight towed howitzer built for airborne and infantry cannon-company fire support in the Second World War. Its shortened M2-derived tube, 75 mm pack-howitzer carriage ancestry, and M3A1 reinforced split trails produced an air-portable 105 mm weapon with less range than the standard M2/M101 lineage but documented Allied wartime service in Europe.
M102 105 mm Howitzer, 105 mm lightweight towed howitzer, Artillery1955 Vietnam War, 1990 Gulf War +1 moreM102 105 mm Howitzer105 mm lightweight towed howitzerSide: United States and South VietnamCoalition forcesUnited States and coalition forcesBuilt: Rock Island Arsenal / United StatesThe M102 is a U.S. 105 mm lightweight towed howitzer developed at Rock Island Arsenal for airborne, air-assault, and light-infantry artillery units. It replaced heavier M101A1 guns in Vietnam, used a low aluminum carriage with 360-degree traverse, and later remained visible through Gulf War, Iraq War, and AC-130 gunship service after Army field artillery units transitioned to the M119.
M119, 105 mm lightweight towed howitzer, Artillery1990 Gulf War, 2003 Iraq War +2 moreM119105 mm lightweight towed howitzerSide: Coalition forcesUnited States and coalition forcesUkraineUnited States, NATO, and Afghan government forcesBuilt: Rock Island Arsenal Joint Manufacturing and Technology Center / Royal Ordnance / United States / United KingdomThe M119 is the U.S. 105 mm lightweight towed howitzer derived from the British L119 light gun and built around air-mobile infantry fire support. The M119A3 variant adds digital fire control, self-location, and communications upgrades while retaining a light carriage that can be moved by trucks, cargo aircraft, or helicopter. U.S. Army sources place the type in Gulf War, Iraq War, and Afghanistan service, and Ukrainian forces later received American 105 mm howitzers during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
105 mm Royal Ordnance L7, 105 mm rifled tank gun, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War105 mm Royal Ordnance L7105 mm rifled tank gunSide: UkraineBuilt: Royal Ordnance / United Kingdom; licensed and derivative production in several countriesThe 105 mm Royal Ordnance L7 is a British L/52 rifled tank gun designed for armored fighting vehicles and widely adapted through the Centurion, Leopard 1, M60, and later derivative programs. Its L7A3 Leopard 1 installation remains conflict-relevant in Ukraine, where delivered Leopard 1A5 variants provide mobile direct fire with a legacy NATO 105 mm ammunition ecosystem rather than the protection or firepower of newer 120 mm main battle tanks.
105 mm field guns, 105 mm towed field gun / howitzer class, Artillery2017 Battle of Marawi105 mm field guns105 mm towed field gun / howitzer classSide: Philippine government forcesBuilt: Various manufacturers / Multiple countries; representative M101-family production centered on the United StatesThe 105 mm field guns entry covers the model-unspecified 105 mm artillery used by Philippine government forces during the 2017 Battle of Marawi. Reliable Marawi studies describe Filipino gunners employing 105 mm guns in direct fire against reinforced concrete positions, an improvised urban fire-support role that helped infantry assaults when shoulder-fired breaching options were limited.
Indian Field Gun, 105 mm towed field gun family, Artillery1999 Kargil War, 2025 India-Pakistan ConflictIndian Field Gun105 mm towed field gun familySide: IndiaBuilt: Field Gun Factory Kanpur / Gun Carriage Factory Jabalpur / IndiaThe Indian Field Gun is an Indian 105 mm towed artillery family designed by ARDE to replace older 25-pounder guns and keep light fire support workable in mountain, plain, and desert terrain. The family includes the original IFG and lighter LFG, with Field Gun Factory Kanpur and Gun Carriage Factory Jabalpur tied to production and support, and 2020s reporting still connecting the guns to border deployments, ceremonial salutes, and automatic-laying modernization.
M101 105 mm Howitzer, 105 mm towed field howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2017 Battle of Marawi +1 moreM101 105 mm Howitzer105 mm towed field howitzerSide: UkrainePhilippine government forcesUnited States and South VietnamBuilt: Rock Island Arsenal / United StatesThe M101 is a U.S.-origin 105 mm towed field howitzer descended from the wartime M2A1, produced at Rock Island Arsenal and exported widely after U.S. service. Its split-trail carriage, semi-fixed 105 mm ammunition family, and later 33-caliber modernization packages kept the gun useful from 1955 Vietnam War fire bases to Philippine urban direct-fire missions and Lithuanian-donated M101A1 guns in Ukrainian service.
10.5 cm leFH 16, 105 mm towed light field howitzer, ArtilleryFirst World War10.5 cm leFH 16105 mm towed light field howitzerSide: Central PowersBuilt: Rheinmetall / Various manufacturers / GermanyThe 10.5 cm leFH 16 was a German light field howitzer introduced in 1916 as a longer-ranged successor to the 10.5 cm Feldhaubitze 98/09. Museum records tie surviving examples to German divisional artillery, to Australian captures in France and Palestine, and to interwar modernization before the type became reserve, training, or conversion stock in later German service.
10.5cm leFH 18, 105 mm towed light field howitzer, Artillery2011 Syrian Civil War10.5cm leFH 18105 mm towed light field howitzerSide: Opposition and anti-government forcesBuilt: Rheinmetall / GermanyThe 10.5cm leFH 18 was Germany's standard Second World War light field howitzer, a Rheinmetall-designed 105 mm split-trail gun that replaced the leFH 16 and then branched into the muzzle-braked leFH 18M and lighter leFH 18/40. The cataloged conflict row focuses on its unusual survival into the Syrian Civil War, where opposition footage and specialist reporting documented leFH 18-family guns being fired after capture or transfer through Syrian stocks.
L118 Light Gun, 105 mm towed light howitzer, Artillery1982 Falklands War, 2003 Iraq War +2 moreL118 Light Gun105 mm towed light howitzerSide: United KingdomUnited States and coalition forcesUnited States, NATO, and Afghan government forcesUkraineBuilt: BAE Systems / United KingdomThe L118 Light Gun is a British 105 mm towed howitzer built for airborne, commando, and light-force artillery. It can be towed by a medium-weight vehicle or carried underslung by a Chinook helicopter, and BAE Systems says its 105 mm ammunition family includes HE, illumination, target-marking, smoke, and propelling-charge options. This family record also covers the L119 branch, the NATO/M1-ammunition variant supplied to Ukraine, while the U.S. M119 derivative has its own linked entry.
OTO Melara Mod 56, 105 mm towed pack howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2009 Boko Haram Insurgency +3 moreOTO Melara Mod 56105 mm towed pack howitzerSide: UkraineBoko Haram and ISWAPUnited States and South VietnamArgentinaMalaysia and Commonwealth forcesBuilt: OTO Melara / ItalyThe OTO Melara Mod 56 is an Italian 105 mm pack howitzer built for light, mountain, and airborne artillery. It breaks down into packable loads, fires standard 105 mm ammunition, and became widely exported under designations including the British/Commonwealth L5; documented conflict use ranges from Vietnam, Borneo, and the Falklands to Spanish-supplied guns in Ukraine and captured or improvised Boko Haram systems in Nigeria.
Iron Sting 120 mm guided mortar munition, 120 mm guided mortar munition, Artillery2023 Israel-Hamas War, 2023 Israel-Hezbollah ConflictIron Sting 120 mm guided mortar munition120 mm guided mortar munitionSide: IsraelBuilt: Elbit Systems / IsraelIron Sting is an Israeli 120 mm laser- and GPS-guided mortar munition from Elbit Systems that gives mortar units a precision-fire option without changing the basic 120 mm smoothbore mortar role. Elbit's 2025 brochure lists GPS, combined laser/GPS, and laser-only guidance modes, a 1.5-10 km range depending on the mortar system, and less-than-5 m CEP in semi-active laser mode. Israeli and defense reporting document Maglan and other IDF commando units using it in Gaza and along the Lebanon border after October 2023.
120 KRH 92, 120 mm heavy mortar, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War120 KRH 92120 mm heavy mortarSide: UkraineBuilt: Patria Vammas Oy / FinlandThe 120 KRH 92 is a Finnish 120 mm heavy mortar from the Vammas and Patria Vammas heavy-weapons lineage. It is primarily a towed indirect-fire weapon, but Finnish service also ties the mortar to tracked and newer modular mobility concepts. Open-source reporting identified Finnish-made 120 KRH 92 and 120 KRH 85/92 mortars in Ukrainian service during the full-scale phase of the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
2S12 Sani, 120 mm heavy mortar system, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War2S12 Sani120 mm heavy mortar systemSide: RussiaUkraineBuilt: Motovilikha Plants / Rostec-affiliated Russian defense industry / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 2S12 Sani is a Soviet/Russian 120 mm mortar system built around the 2B11 mortar, a wheeled carriage, and a dedicated transport vehicle. The system gives battalion-level units mobile indirect fire out to about 7 km, while the modernized 2S12A uses an Ural-based vehicle and has been documented in Russian deliveries, monitored firing-position reports, captures, and equipment losses during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
120 mm Royal Ordnance L30, 120 mm rifled tank gun, Artillery2003 Iraq War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War120 mm Royal Ordnance L30120 mm rifled tank gunSide: United States and coalition forcesUkraineBuilt: Royal Ordnance / United KingdomThe 120 mm Royal Ordnance L30 is the British rifled tank gun developed under the Challenger Armament program for Challenger 2. It kept separate-loading British 120 mm ammunition and HESH compatibility at a time when most NATO main battle tanks moved to smoothbore guns, giving Challenger 2 a distinctive direct-fire armament in Iraq and later in Ukrainian service.
MO-120 RT, 120 mm rifled towed heavy mortar, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2012 Mali War +3 moreMO-120 RT120 mm rifled towed heavy mortarSide: UkraineMalian government and international forcesUnited States, NATO, and Afghan government forcesYemeni government and Saudi-led coalition forcesColombian governmentBuilt: Brandt / TDA Armements / Thales / General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems / MKE, Sarsilmaz, Kalekalip / France / United States / TurkeyThe MO-120 RT is a French 120 mm rifled towed heavy mortar developed by Brandt and later associated with TDA/Thales production. Its rifled barrel, two-wheel carriage, and rocket-assisted ammunition option give it longer range than many smoothbore infantry mortars, while keeping the system towable by light or medium vehicles. The family also appears through derivatives such as the U.S. Marine Corps M327 EFSS and Turkey's HY-12, giving the page conflict evidence from Ukraine, Mali, Afghanistan, Yemen, and Colombia.
2S17-2 Nona-SV, 120 mm self-propelled gun-mortar conversion, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War2S17-2 Nona-SV120 mm self-propelled gun-mortar conversionSide: UkraineBuilt: Shepetivka Repair Plant / UkraineThe 2S17-2 Nona-SV is a Ukrainian realization of a Soviet Nona-family concept: a 120 mm 2S9 Nona turret and gun-mortar fitted to a BRM-1K, BMP-1, or PRP-family tracked chassis. Open sources describe it as a way to recover Nona firepower when original BTR-D-based 2S9 hulls were scarce, and direct battlefield reporting ties the conversion to Ukrainian service and losses during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
120mm MO-120-AM50, 120 mm smoothbore heavy mortar, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 1982 Falklands War120mm MO-120-AM50120 mm smoothbore heavy mortarSide: UkraineArgentinaBuilt: Brandt / FranceThe 120mm MO-120-AM50 is a French Brandt smoothbore heavy mortar developed after World War II and fielded from the 1950s as a towed, baseplate-fired, or carriage-fired infantry support weapon. It predates the later MO-120 RT rifled mortar family and appears in the catalog through two direct evidence lanes: an Imperial War Museums object record for an Argentine Army Brandt 120 mm mortar captured during the Falklands War, and SIPRI transfer data recording Denmark's 2024 delivery of MW-50 120mm mortars to Ukraine.
120mm Soltam K6, 120 mm smoothbore heavy mortar, Artillery2001 War in Afghanistan, 2003 Iraq War +2 more120mm Soltam K6120 mm smoothbore heavy mortarSide: United States, NATO, and Afghan government forcesUnited States and coalition forcesAnti-ISIS coalition and partner forcesUkraineBuilt: Soltam Systems / Watervliet Arsenal / Elbit Systems / Israel / United StatesThe 120mm Soltam K6 is an Israeli smoothbore heavy mortar family that became the U.S. Army's M120 towed mortar and M121 carrier-mounted mortar. It gives infantry, mechanized, and partner-force units battalion-level high-angle fire support from a 120 mm tube, with direct source records spanning Afghanistan, Iraq, the anti-ISIS campaign, and K-6/M120 transfer and training context for Ukraine.
Rheinmetall Rh-120, 120 mm smoothbore tank gun family, ArtilleryRheinmetall Rh-120120 mm smoothbore tank gun familySide: UnknownBuilt: Rheinmetall / GermanyThe Rheinmetall Rh-120 is Germany's 120 mm smoothbore tank-gun and ammunition family, developed from Rheinmetall's 1965-1975 smoothbore weapon-ammunition work and fielded through Leopard 2 and licensed Abrams M256 applications. The family runs from the original L44 to the longer L55 and high-pressure L55A1 branches; this relationship-only component page documents the gun lineage, barrel-length variants, ammunition interface, and modernization context rather than making independent conflict-use claims apart from host tanks.
120 mm M74 mortar, 120 mm smoothbore towed mortar, Artillery2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 2023 Sudan War +1 more120 mm M74 mortar120 mm smoothbore towed mortarSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRapid Support ForcesUkraineBuilt: PPT Namenska / BNT Novi Travnik / UnisGroup / Serbia / Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe 120 mm M74 is a Yugoslav-origin towed mortar developed in the mid-1970s as part of the M74/M75 light-mortar generation. Current Serbian, Bosnian, Polish, and SIPRI records keep the system in the export-industrial and wartime-transfer record, while open-source conflict documentation places captured examples in Nagorno-Karabakh and a CIG-identified M74 in RSF-linked fighting at El Fasher.
2B16 Nona-K, 120 mm towed gun-mortar, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War2B16 Nona-K120 mm towed gun-mortarSide: RussiaUkraineBuilt: Motovilikha Plants / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 2B16 Nona-K is the towed member of the Soviet/Russian Nona 120 mm gun-mortar family, combining a rifled breech-loading weapon with a split-trail carriage light enough for air-assault fire support. It shares the Nona ammunition concept with the 2S9 and 2S23, allowing mortar bombs, special 120 mm projectiles, and selected guided rounds from one compact artillery piece. In the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War it has appeared in Russian loss tracking and in Ukrainian service, including captured guns used for infantry and position-defense fire missions.
12 cm Granatwerfer 42, 120 mm towed heavy mortar, ArtillerySecond World War12 cm Granatwerfer 42120 mm towed heavy mortarSide: Axis PowersBuilt: Waffenwerke Brunn / Nazi Germany / German-occupied CzechoslovakiaThe 12 cm Granatwerfer 42 was a German 120 mm heavy mortar copied from the Soviet PM-38 pattern after German forces encountered captured weapons on the Eastern Front. German references and surviving imagery place the GrW 42 in Second World War Axis service, where it gave infantry units heavier indirect fire than smaller 8 cm mortars while using a towable two-wheel carriage.
120 mm M1982 mortar, 120 mm towed heavy mortar, Artillery2001 War in Afghanistan120 mm M1982 mortar120 mm towed heavy mortarSide: United States, NATO, and Afghan government forcesBuilt: Arsenal Resita / RomaniaThe 120 mm M1982 mortar is a Romanian smoothbore heavy mortar built as a late Cold War replacement for older Reșița and Soviet PM-43-pattern 120 mm mortars. It combines a conventional tube, bipod, triangular baseplate, and two-wheel transport carriage with Romanian service adaptations for truck towing, short-distance crew movement, and mountain-troop pack transport. Direct conflict evidence is narrow but usable: Romanian troops are documented firing the M1982 in Afghanistan in 2008.
120-PM-38, 120 mm towed heavy mortar, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Yemen Civil War120-PM-38120 mm towed heavy mortarSide: RussiaUkraineHouthi-aligned forcesYemeni government and Saudi-led coalition forcesBuilt: Plant No. 92 Nizhny Novgorod / Soviet UnionThe 120-PM-38, also known as the M1938, is a Soviet 120 mm smoothbore heavy mortar designed under B. I. Shavyrin and built for infantry fire support. Its large bomb, two-wheel transport arrangement, and roughly 5.7 km range made it a durable regimental mortar design; OSCE monitoring documented PM-38 mortars in Donbas heavy-weapons holding and storage records during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, while Oryx listed M-1938 heavy mortars in Yemen's pre-war army inventory.
120mm Type W86, 120 mm towed heavy mortar, Artillery2012 Sahel Insurgency120mm Type W86120 mm towed heavy mortarSide: Jihadist armed groupsBuilt: Norinco / ChinaThe 120mm Type W86 is a Chinese smoothbore heavy mortar developed by Norinco as a longer-ranged replacement for older Type 55-pattern 120 mm mortars. It uses a conventional tube, bipod, baseplate, sight, and two-wheel carriage, with public sources documenting Chinese origin, export service, vehicle-mounted installations, W86-pattern ammunition, and a 2025 Sahel conflict event involving jihadist use of a Type W86 mortar with rocket-assisted ammunition.
M/41D 120 mm mortar, 120 mm towed heavy mortar, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine WarM/41D 120 mm mortar120 mm towed heavy mortarSide: UkraineBuilt: Tampella / Bofors Defence AB / Finland / SwedenThe M/41D is the Swedish-service branch of the Finnish Tampella 120 Krh/40 heavy mortar family, a Stokes-Brandt-pattern 120 mm weapon built for mobile indirect fire. Ukraine accepted the Swedish 120 mm M/41D into service during the full-scale Russia-Ukraine War, while open sources also document its older Finnish design base, Swedish licensed production, Baltic holdings, and continued relevance as a compact fire-support mortar.
PM-43, 120 mm towed heavy mortar, Artillery1955 Vietnam War, 1979 Soviet-Afghan War +3 morePM-43120 mm towed heavy mortarSide: North Vietnam and Viet CongSoviet Union and Afghan government forcesSyrian government and alliesIslamic State and jihadist groupsLibyan National ArmyRussiaBuilt: Soviet state arsenals / Soviet UnionThe PM-43 is a Soviet 120 mm smoothbore heavy mortar, introduced in 1943 as a wartime development of the PM-38 and kept in service through exports, local copies, and legacy stocks. Direct conflict references place the M-43/PM-43 family with North Vietnamese forces in Vietnam, in Syrian Civil War mortar inventories, with Haftar-aligned forces in Libya, and in a Russian-controlled area of Luhansk during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
120 mm M75 mortar, 120 mm towed smoothbore mortar, Artillery1991 Croatian War of Independence, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict120 mm M75 mortar120 mm towed smoothbore mortarSide: Yugoslav and Serb forcesArmenia / ArtsakhBuilt: BNT Novi Travnik / UnisGroup / Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe 120 mm M75 mortar is a Yugoslav-designed towed smoothbore mortar associated with the M74/M75 light-mortar family and post-Yugoslav export literature. Yugoimport describes it as infantry close-support artillery for high-angle fire, smoke, illumination, and difficult terrain, while Serbian sources and later defense reporting show the legacy weapon being paired with modern fire-control equipment. Direct records place M75 mortars in JNA fire support around Dubrovnik in 1991 and in Armenian/Artsakh losses during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.
2S31 Vena, 120 mm tracked self-propelled gun-mortar, Artillery2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War2S31 Vena120 mm tracked self-propelled gun-mortarSide: AzerbaijanRussiaBuilt: Motovilikha Plants / RussiaThe 2S31 Vena is a Russian 120 mm self-propelled gun-mortar that mounts the semi-automatic 2A80 weapon system on a BMP-3 amphibious tracked chassis. Rosoboronexport markets it as a highly automated direct- and indirect-fire system with a 70-round ammunition load, 360-degree turret traverse, and 600 km cruising range. Its public combat record is limited but source-backed: Azerbaijani examples appeared in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, while Russian examples were reported near Bakhmut during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
2S34 Chosta, 120 mm tracked self-propelled gun-mortar, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War2S34 Chosta120 mm tracked self-propelled gun-mortarSide: RussiaUkraineBuilt: Motovilikha Plant / RussiaThe 2S34 Chosta is a Russian 120 mm tracked self-propelled gun-mortar that rebuilds the 2S1 Gvozdika chassis around the 2A80-1 weapon, an automatic loading system, and updated fire-control equipment. It gives Russian artillery units a compact turreted vehicle able to fire mortar-style high-angle missions, direct fire, and some guided 120 mm ammunition, but public reporting suggests only a small fleet reached service before examples appeared in Ukraine.
2S23 Nona-SVK, 120 mm wheeled self-propelled gun-mortar, Artillery1994 First Chechen War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War2S23 Nona-SVK120 mm wheeled self-propelled gun-mortarSide: RussiaUkraineBuilt: Motovilikha Plants / Arzamas Machine-Building Plant / RussiaThe 2S23 Nona-SVK is a Russian 120 mm self-propelled gun-mortar that adapts the Nona artillery system to a BTR-80 8x8 armored chassis. Its rifled 2A60 weapon can provide direct or indirect fire with mortar bombs, artillery projectiles, and selected guided ammunition, giving motorized units a compact battalion-level fire-support vehicle. The type was reported in Chechnya during Russian service testing and later appeared in 2014 Russia-Ukraine War battlefield reporting, including visually confirmed Russian losses and captured vehicles.
2S40 Floks, 120 mm wheeled self-propelled howitzer/mortar, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War2S40 Floks120 mm wheeled self-propelled howitzer/mortarSide: RussiaBuilt: Burevestnik Central Research Institute / Uralvagonzavod / Rostec / RussiaThe 2S40 Floks is a Russian 120 mm wheeled self-propelled gun-mortar developed by Burevestnik under the Nabrosok artillery program and mounted on an armored Ural-4320 6x6 chassis. Open reporting ties it to Russian battlefield use in Ukraine from October 2023, where Ukrainian drone units documented strikes against newly fielded systems while Rostec and defense references describe the platform's combined mortar, howitzer-style indirect-fire, and direct-fire roles.
M933-series mortar projectile, 120mm high-explosive mortar cartridge, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Yemen Civil War +1 moreM933-series mortar projectile120mm high-explosive mortar cartridgeSide: UkraineYemeni government and Saudi-led coalition forcesIsraelBuilt: General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems / Day & Zimmermann / United States / CanadaThe M933-series mortar projectile is a U.S. 120 mm high-explosive mortar cartridge family centered on the M933A1, a Comp B-filled round for M120/M121 mortar systems using the M783 point-detonating/delay fuze. Public records document production by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems and Day & Zimmermann, Ukrainian battlefield use, and U.S. transfer notifications for Israel and Saudi Arabia.
Romach / ACCULAR-122 precision rocket, 122 mm guided artillery rocket, Artillery2023 Israel-Hamas WarRomach / ACCULAR-122 precision rocket122 mm guided artillery rocketSide: IsraelBuilt: IMI Systems / Elbit Systems / IsraelRomach is the Israel Defense Forces service name for the 122 mm ACCULAR precision-guided artillery rocket developed in Israel for accurate surface-to-surface fire from podded multiple-rocket launchers. Elbit markets the ACCULAR family as GPS-guided artillery rockets with less than 10 m CEP, and Israeli wartime reporting tied the 122 mm rocket to M270 and Lahav/PULS launchers during precision fire-support missions in the 2023 Israel-Hamas War.
Tornado-G, 122 mm multiple launch rocket system, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarTornado-G122 mm multiple launch rocket systemSide: RussiaSyrian government and alliesBuilt: NPO Splav / RussiaThe Tornado-G is Russia's 9K51M 122 mm multiple launch rocket system, a modernized BM-21 Grad successor with automated fire control, map-based aiming, and compatibility with standard Grad rockets. Rostec says it is faster and more effective than the older launcher, while open-source reporting documents Russian use and losses in Ukraine and Russian confirmation of service in Syria.
BM-21 Grad, 122 mm multiple rocket launcher, Artillery2012 Mali War, 2014 Second Libyan Civil War +11 moreBM-21 Grad122 mm multiple rocket launcherSide: Malian government and international forcesGovernment of National AccordSyrian government and alliesCambodiaAnti-ISIS coalition and partner forcesIslamic StateGeorgiaRussiaUkraineArmenia / ArtsakhTigray forcesSudanese Armed ForcesHouthi-aligned forcesBoko Haram and ISWAPBuilt: Motovilikha Plants / Soviet defense industry / Soviet Union / RussiaThe BM-21 Grad is a Soviet 122 mm multiple rocket launcher built around a 40-tube launcher on a wheeled truck chassis. In the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War it remains a common area-fire system on both sides, valued for rapid salvos and mobility but dependent on shoot-and-scoot tactics because the launcher is carried on an unarmored truck.
KRL-122 Ghazab, 122 mm multiple rocket launcher, Artillery2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ConflictKRL-122 Ghazab122 mm multiple rocket launcherSide: AzerbaijanBuilt: Kahuta Research Laboratories / PakistanThe KRL-122 Ghazab is a Pakistani 122 mm multiple rocket launcher attributed to Kahuta Research Laboratories and derived from the BM-21 Grad family. It fires standard Grad-compatible rockets and the Pakistani Yarmuk 122 mm rocket, with open sources documenting Azerbaijani KRL-122 losses in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war and renewed sightings during the September 2023 phase.
RM-70, 122 mm self-propelled multiple launch rocket system, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine WarRM-70122 mm self-propelled multiple launch rocket systemSide: UkraineBuilt: ZTS Dubnica nad Vahom / Czechoslovakia / SlovakiaThe RM-70 is a Czechoslovak 122 mm multiple launch rocket system that adapts the Grad rocket package to an armored Tatra 813 8x8 chassis with forty launch tubes and a second forty-round reload set carried on the vehicle. Czech and open-source reporting document baseline RM-70 launchers in Ukrainian service after 2022, separate from the later RM-70 Vampire modernization.
RM-70 Vampire, 122 mm self-propelled multiple launch rocket system, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine WarRM-70 Vampire122 mm self-propelled multiple launch rocket systemSide: UkraineBuilt: Excalibur Army / Czech RepublicThe RM-70 Vampire is a Czech modernization of the Czechoslovak RM-70 Grad-family multiple launch rocket system, pairing a forty-tube 122 mm launcher with a Tatra 815-7 8x8 chassis, protected cab, digital fire-control equipment, and a carried reload pack. Czech government reporting and frontline media document the system in Ukrainian service during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, where it provides mobile area-fire and counter-battery rocket artillery.
Sakr-40 multiple rocket launcher, 122 mm self-propelled multiple rocket launcher, Artillery2014 Yemen Civil WarSakr-40 multiple rocket launcher122 mm self-propelled multiple rocket launcherSide: Houthi-aligned forcesBuilt: SAKR Factory for Developed Industries / EgyptThe Sakr-40 is the 40-tube member of Egypt's Sakr 122 mm multiple-rocket-launcher family, developed after licensed BM-21 Grad production and built for Sakr or Russian-pattern Grad rockets. Oryx identifies 122 mm Sakr-40 launchers among Houthi-held systems inherited from pre-war Yemeni Army stocks in the 2014 Yemen Civil War.
D-25 122 mm tank gun, 122 mm tank and self-propelled gun family, ArtillerySecond World War, 1967 Six-Day War +1 moreD-25 122 mm tank gun122 mm tank and self-propelled gun familySide: Allied PowersEgypt / Jordan / SyriaIsraelBuilt: Artillery Plant No. 9 / Soviet UnionThe D-25 was a Soviet 122 mm gun family adapted from A-19-line ballistics for heavy tanks and self-propelled guns. D-25T armed the wartime IS-2 heavy tank and later IS-series vehicles, with directly sourced use on Soviet IS-2s in the Second World War, Egyptian IS-3M tanks in the 1967 Six-Day War, and captured Israeli IS-3 fixed bunkers in the 1969 War of Attrition. D-25S was the semi-automatic self-propelled-gun variant associated with ISU-122S, and the family used separate-loading A-19/D-25 ammunition including OF-471 high-explosive fragmentation and BR-471 armor-piercing projectiles.
A-19 122 mm field gun, 122 mm towed corps gun, ArtillerySecond World War, 2014 Yemen Civil War +1 moreA-19 122 mm field gun122 mm towed corps gunSide: Allied PowersYemeni government and Saudi-led coalition forcesSyrian Democratic Forces and coalition partnersBuilt: Barrikady / No. 172 Plant / Soviet UnionThe A-19 is a Soviet 122 mm towed corps gun developed for long-range artillery fire, combining a high-velocity barrel, separate-loading ammunition, and an approximately 20 km range. This entry tracks direct Soviet Second World War service along with conservative modern conflict evidence: pre-war Yemeni Army inventory available to Yemen battlefield parties and a photo/video-evidenced YPG/SDF A-19 in northern Syria.
D-74 122 mm field gun, 122 mm towed field gun, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 1955 Vietnam War +1 moreD-74 122 mm field gun122 mm towed field gunSide: RussiaNorth Vietnam and Viet CongSyrian government and alliesIslamic State and jihadist groupsBuilt: No. 9 Uralmashzavod / Soviet UnionThe D-74 is a Soviet 122 mm towed field gun from the F. F. Petrov design lineage at No. 9 Uralmashzavod. It paired a long 52/53-caliber barrel with a split-trail carriage shared with the D-20, offered more range than common 122 mm howitzers, and was exported or copied as the Chinese Type 60 before documented appearances with North Vietnamese, Syrian, and Russian forces.
122 mm M-30 howitzer, 122 mm towed field howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +1 more122 mm M-30 howitzer122 mm towed field howitzerSide: RussiaSyrian government and alliesSyrian Democratic Forces and coalition partnersArmenia / ArtsakhBuilt: Plant No. 9 / Plant No. 92 / Soviet UnionThe 122 mm M-30 howitzer is a Soviet split-trail towed field howitzer designed by F. F. Petrov's Motovilikha team and serially produced from 1939. Its 11.8 km range, simple carriage, and wide postwar distribution kept it visible long after newer 122 mm guns appeared, with documented recent appearances in Russian, Syrian, YPG, and Armenian/Artsakh conflict records.
122 mm Type 83 howitzer, 122 mm towed howitzer, Artillery1983 Sri Lankan Civil War122 mm Type 83 howitzer122 mm towed howitzerSide: Sri Lankan government forcesBuilt: Chinese state ordnance industry / ChinaThe 122 mm Type 83 is a Chinese split-trail towed howitzer developed as a lighter, longer-range successor to earlier Type 54/M-30-derived guns before China moved toward D-30-derived 122 mm systems. Open sources tie the weapon to limited Chinese adoption, exports to Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, and Sri Lankan government fire-support use by Sri Lanka Artillery's 9th Field Regiment during the 1983 Sri Lankan Civil War.
D-30 122 mm howitzer, 122 mm towed howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2001 War in Afghanistan +9 moreD-30 122 mm howitzer122 mm towed howitzerSide: RussiaUkraineUnited States, NATO, and Afghan government forcesArmenia / ArtsakhSyrian government and alliesOpposition and anti-government forcesTigray forcesHouthi-aligned forcesYemeni government and Saudi-led coalition forcesBoko Haram and ISWAPLibyan National ArmySudanese Armed ForcesIslamic StateBuilt: Artillery Plant No. 9 / Soviet Union / RussiaThe D-30, also known as the 2A18, M1963, or Frog, is a Soviet 122 mm towed howitzer designed by OKB-9 under F. F. Petrov and built at Plant No. 9 in Yekaterinburg. Its three-trail carriage gives 360-degree traverse, and official U.S. Army support material describes the gun as still manufactured internationally and fielded by more than 60 countries' armed forces.
2S1 Gvozdika, 122 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer, Artillery1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 1990 Gulf War +7 more2S1 Gvozdika122 mm tracked self-propelled howitzerSide: Soviet Union and Afghan government forcesIraqRussiaSyrian government and alliesArmenia / ArtsakhLibyan National ArmyUkraineYemeni government and Saudi-led coalition forcesSudanese Armed ForcesRapid Support ForcesBuilt: Kharkiv Tractor Plant / Plant No. 9 / Soviet UnionThe 2S1 Gvozdika is a Soviet 122 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer built around the 2A31 gun on an amphibious armored chassis derived from the MT-LB family. In the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War it remains a common short-to-medium-range artillery system for both Russian and Ukrainian forces, combining mobility, indirect fire, and widespread 122 mm ammunition compatibility.
M-46, 130 mm towed field gun, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 1990 Gulf War +5 moreM-46130 mm towed field gunSide: RussiaUkraineIraqIraqi government and security forcesSyrian government and alliesYemeni government and Saudi-led coalition forcesAQAP and Ansar al-Sharia militantsPakistanTigray forcesEthiopian government and alliesBuilt: Motovilikha Plant / Norinco / Soviet Union / ChinaThe M-46 is a Soviet 130 mm towed field gun built for long-range counter-battery and field-artillery missions. Its high-velocity gun, long standard range, and licensed Chinese Type 59 branch kept the design in Iraqi, Syrian, Yemeni, Pakistani, Ethiopian, Russian, and Ukrainian conflict contexts decades after its first Cold War fielding.
2A36 Giatsint-B, 152 mm towed field gun, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2008 Russo-Georgian War +1 more2A36 Giatsint-B152 mm towed field gunSide: RussiaUkraineGeorgiaArmenia / ArtsakhBuilt: Perm Machine-Building Plant / Soviet UnionThe 2A36 Giatsint-B is a Soviet 152 mm towed field gun built for long-range indirect fire and counter-battery work. Its 49-caliber barrel and separate-loading ammunition give it reach beyond many older Soviet 152 mm systems, and documented wartime use includes Georgian fielding in 2008, Russian and Ukrainian guns in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, and Armenian/Artsakh losses in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh fighting.
152 mm ML-20, 152 mm towed gun-howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War152 mm ML-20152 mm towed gun-howitzerSide: RussiaBuilt: Motovilikha Plants / Soviet UnionThe 152 mm ML-20 is a Soviet heavy towed gun-howitzer designed at Plant No. 172 in Motovilikha under F. F. Petrov and adopted in 1937. It combined a 152.4 mm barrel, split-trail carriage, large muzzle brake, separate-loading ammunition, and a 17.2 km high-explosive range in a weapon built for corps and army artillery. Its modern catalog relevance comes from residual stock use: Ukrainian reporting in October 2025 documented Russian forces towing and losing an ML-20 in Donetsk region during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
D-20, 152 mm towed gun-howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict +2 moreD-20152 mm towed gun-howitzerSide: RussiaUkraineArmenia / ArtsakhHouthi-aligned forcesYemeni government and Saudi-led coalition forcesIraqi government and coalition forcesBuilt: No. 9 Uralmash Plant / Soviet Union / China / RomaniaThe D-20 is a Soviet 152 mm towed gun-howitzer developed under F. F. Petrov's Plant No. 9 design bureau for divisional and army-level fire support. Its split-trail carriage, 34-caliber ordnance, double-baffle muzzle brake, and 17.4 km standard range kept it useful across Soviet, Warsaw Pact, Chinese Type 66, Romanian, and export inventories, with documented modern use in Ukraine, Nagorno-Karabakh, Yemen, and Iraq.
NORA M-84, 152 mm towed gun-howitzer, Artillery1999 Kosovo War / Operation Allied ForceNORA M-84152 mm towed gun-howitzerSide: Federal Republic of YugoslaviaBuilt: Yugoslav defense industry / Yugoimport SDPR / BNT Novi Travnik / Yugoslavia / Serbia / Bosnia and HerzegovinaNORA M-84 is a Yugoslav-origin 152 mm towed gun-howitzer developed as a longer-range successor to the D-20 family. Its 39- to 40-caliber ordnance, split-trail carriage, semi-automatic breech, and compatibility with D-20 ammunition made it a bridge between legacy Soviet-caliber artillery and later Serbian NORA self-propelled systems, with limited open-source visual evidence identifying NORA fire during the 1999 Kosovo War / Operation Allied Force period.
2A65 Msta-B, 152 mm towed howitzer, Artillery2008 Russo-Georgian War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +1 more2A65 Msta-B152 mm towed howitzerSide: GeorgiaRussiaUkraineSyrian government and alliesBuilt: Motovilikha Plant / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 2A65 Msta-B is a Soviet 152 mm towed howitzer built around the artillery family shared with the 2S19 Msta-S. Its split-trail carriage, shielded crew position, 24.7 km standard-shell range, and compatibility with Msta-family 152 mm projectiles kept it in post-Soviet heavy-artillery inventories, with documented Georgian loss evidence in 2008, Russian-aligned use in Syria, and both Russian and Ukrainian use in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
2S5 Giatsint-S, 152 mm tracked self-propelled gun, Artillery1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 1994 First Chechen War +3 more2S5 Giatsint-S152 mm tracked self-propelled gunSide: Soviet Union and Afghan government forcesRussiaUkraineEthiopiaBuilt: Uraltransmash / Perm Machine-Building Plant / Soviet UnionThe 2S5 Giatsint-S is a Soviet 152 mm tracked self-propelled gun built for long-range corps- and army-level fire support. Its open rear-mounted 2A37 gun gives it greater reach than many older Soviet 152 mm systems, while its tracked chassis and stabilizing rear spade support shoot-and-move artillery work. Sources document 2S5 use or fielding context from Afghanistan and Chechnya through the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, with additional wartime transfer evidence for Ethiopia during the Eritrean-Ethiopian War.
2S3 Akatsiya, 152 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer, Artillery1990 Gulf War, 1994 First Chechen War +4 more2S3 Akatsiya152 mm tracked self-propelled howitzerSide: IraqRussiaChechen separatist forcesSyrian government and alliesArmenia / ArtsakhUkraineGovernment of National AccordBuilt: Uraltransmash / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 2S3 Akatsiya is a Soviet 152 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer built around the 2A33 gun and a turreted armored chassis. Designed for divisional fire support and accepted into service in 1971, it appears across Iraqi, Chechen, Syrian, Armenian, Libyan, Russian, and Ukrainian conflict records because large Cold War stocks remained in service long after newer self-propelled artillery entered use.
2S19 Msta-S, 152 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 1999 Second Chechen War +2 more2S19 Msta-S152 mm tracked self-propelled howitzerSide: RussiaUkraineEthiopiaEthiopian government and alliesBuilt: Uraltransmash / Sterlitamak Machine Construction Factory / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 2S19 Msta-S is a Soviet-designed, Russian-produced 152 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer that combines a 2A64 gun, armored cross-country mobility, automated loading, and later digital fire-control upgrades. The 2S19M1 branch adds automated guidance and command-and-control integration, while official Rostec reporting describes the 2S19M2 / 2S33 Msta-SM2 branch with ASUNO-M fire control, electronic mapping, automatic laying recovery, and a 10-round-per-minute aimed firing rate. Its combat record spans Russian use in Chechnya and Ukraine, Ethiopia's wartime Msta fleet, and Ukrainian operation of captured Msta-S systems.
2S35 Koalitsiya-SV, 152 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War2S35 Koalitsiya-SV152 mm tracked self-propelled howitzerSide: RussiaBuilt: Uraltransmash / RussiaThe 2S35 Koalitsiya-SV is a Russian 152 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer developed as a highly automated successor to the 2S19 Msta-S, pairing a 2A88 gun, automated loading, digital fire-control features, and a T-90-derived chassis for long-range tube-artillery missions. Russian and specialist reporting placed small numbers near the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War front from late 2023, but the direct conflict record remains source-limited and centered on counter-battery claims rather than verified large-scale fielding.
152 mm SpGH DANA, 152 mm wheeled self-propelled gun-howitzer, Artillery2008 Russo-Georgian War, 2001 War in Afghanistan +2 more152 mm SpGH DANA152 mm wheeled self-propelled gun-howitzerSide: GeorgiaUnited States, NATO, and Afghan government forcesAzerbaijanUkraineBuilt: ZTS Dubnica nad Vahom / Excalibur Army / Czechoslovakia / Slovakia / Czech RepublicThe 152 mm SpGH DANA is a Czechoslovak wheeled self-propelled gun-howitzer built around a Tatra 8x8 chassis, a semi-automatic loading system, and a 152 mm gun compatible with Soviet-pattern ammunition. The family appears in several post-Soviet and coalition conflicts: Georgian DANA guns were documented in the 2008 Russo-Georgian War, Polish DANA crews fired in Afghanistan, Azerbaijani DANA M1 systems were reported in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh fighting, and Czech-supplied DANA and DANA M2 howitzers later gave Ukrainian forces mobile 152 mm artillery during the full-scale Russian invasion.
2S43 Malva, 152 mm wheeled self-propelled howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War2S43 Malva152 mm wheeled self-propelled howitzerSide: RussiaBuilt: Burevestnik Central Research Institute / Uraltransmash / RussiaThe 2S43 Malva is a Russian 152 mm wheeled self-propelled howitzer that places a 2A64 gun on a BAZ 8x8 chassis for faster road moves and lower operating demands than tracked turreted artillery. Developed through the Nabrosok wheeled-artillery program, it entered Russian deliveries in 2023 and has since been documented with Russian forces in Ukraine, including reconnaissance sightings, Ukrainian strike reports, and visually confirmed losses.
Dhanush, 155 mm / 45 calibre towed artillery gun system, ArtilleryDhanush155 mm / 45 calibre towed artillery gun systemSide: UnknownBuilt: Gun Carriage Factory Jabalpur / Field Gun Factory Kanpur / IndiaDhanush is an Indian 155 mm x 45 calibre towed artillery gun system developed by Ordnance Factory Board and the Indian Army from the FH77B Bofors technology-transfer lineage. It was cleared for bulk production in 2019, with public reporting describing an initial 114-gun order, Gun Carriage Factory Jabalpur assembly, Field Gun Factory Kanpur barrel and breech work, and later AWEIL 155 mm/52 calibre and mounted-gun proposals.
AH-2 155 mm howitzer, 155 mm / 52-caliber towed gun-howitzer, Artillery2020 Tigray WarAH-2 155 mm howitzer155 mm / 52-caliber towed gun-howitzerSide: Ethiopian government and alliesBuilt: Norinco / ChinaThe AH-2 is Norinco's longer-barrel 155 mm / 52-caliber export development of the AH-1/PLL01 towed howitzer family, combining NATO-standard 155 mm ammunition with an auxiliary power unit and longer-range ordnance. Public references identify Algeria and Ethiopia as users, and the clearest conflict-specific claim found for this entry is a secondary report that Ethiopian forces used AH2 towed guns during the 2020-2022 Tigray War.
M150 155 mm hexachloroethane smoke projectile, 155 mm HC smoke projectile, Artillery2021 Israel-Palestine Crisis, 2023 Israel-Hamas WarM150 155 mm hexachloroethane smoke projectile155 mm HC smoke projectileSide: IsraelBuilt: Elbit Systems / IsraelThe M150 is an Israeli 155 mm hexachloroethane smoke projectile from Elbit Systems, built for screening, obscuration, and spotting without white phosphorus. Elbit's product sheet lists five HC smoke canisters, about three minutes of effect, and a NATO NSN, while ARES traces the design to the M483A1 carrier projectile and compares it with M825-series white-phosphorus smoke rounds. Open-source investigations identify M150 rounds in Gaza during the May 2021 escalation and the 2023 Israel-Hamas War.
M107 155 mm high-explosive projectile, 155 mm high-explosive projectile, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2023 Israel-Hamas WarM107 155 mm high-explosive projectile155 mm high-explosive projectileSide: UkraineIsraelBuilt: General Dynamics / United StatesThe M107 is a conventional 155 mm high-explosive projectile with a forged-steel body, TNT or Composition B fill, and deep- or normal-cavity variants for different fuze fits. U.S. Army ammunition records list it as an operations-and-sustainment item, Modern War Institute reporting places the M107 family in Ukraine's 155 mm ammunition mix, and U.S. emergency-sale notices document M107 deliveries to Israel during the 2023 Israel-Hamas War.
M485-series 155 mm illumination projectile, 155 mm illumination projectile, Artillery2008 Gaza War, 2023 Israel-Hamas WarM485-series 155 mm illumination projectile155 mm illumination projectileSide: IsraelBuilt: Pine Bluff Arsenal / Crane Army Ammunition Activity / United StatesThe M485-series 155 mm illumination projectile is a U.S.-origin visible-light artillery round that ejects a parachute flare to light battlefield areas for artillery observers and maneuver forces. Army sources describe the M485A2 as an updated visible-light round built through the Pine Bluff and Crane ammunition base, while conflict investigators documented M485A2-marked remnants in Gaza in 2009 and 2023.
AH-4 155 mm howitzer, 155 mm lightweight towed howitzer, Artillery2023 Sudan WarAH-4 155 mm howitzer155 mm lightweight towed howitzerSide: Rapid Support ForcesBuilt: Norinco / ChinaThe AH-4 is a Chinese Norinco 155 mm/39-caliber lightweight towed howitzer built around rapid emplacement, sling-load mobility, and export-compatible ammunition. Open sources describe a 4,500 kg gun with 25-40 km range depending on projectile type, while 2023 Sudan War evidence ties AH-4-class artillery to RSF fire-support positions near El Fasher and Zamzam and to RSF-abandoned materiel in Khartoum.
North Korean 155 mm self-propelled gun-howitzer, 155 mm self-propelled gun-howitzer, Artillery2015 Various ConflictsNorth Korean 155 mm self-propelled gun-howitzer155 mm self-propelled gun-howitzerSide: Documented operatorsBuilt: North Korean defense industry / North KoreaThe North Korean 155 mm self-propelled gun-howitzer is a new-type artillery system presented in 2026 North Korean state-media reporting as a long-range southern-border weapon. KCNA-mirror text described production for three battalions, mobility and carriage testing, an automatic firing system, and a claimed range beyond 60 km; a later KCNA-mirror test report said extended-range 155 mm shells reached 65 km.
PzH 2000, 155 mm self-propelled howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2001 War in AfghanistanPzH 2000155 mm self-propelled howitzerSide: UkraineUnited States, NATO, and Afghan government forcesBuilt: Krauss-Maffei Wegmann / Rheinmetall / Germany / ItalyThe PzH 2000 is a German 155 mm/L52 self-propelled howitzer built around an automated loader, digital fire control, and a 60-projectile ready magazine. Its documented combat use spans Dutch and German coalition fire missions in Afghanistan and Ukrainian fire support after German deliveries in the Russia-Ukraine War.
M114 155 mm Howitzer, 155 mm towed field howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 1955 Vietnam War +1 moreM114 155 mm Howitzer155 mm towed field howitzerSide: UkraineUnited States and South VietnamHouthi-aligned forcesBuilt: Rock Island Arsenal / United StatesThe M114 is a U.S.-origin 155 mm towed howitzer first fielded as the M1 during World War II and later redesignated M114. Official U.S. Army history identifies it as the standard 155 mm howitzer of the Korean and Vietnam wars, while recent catalog evidence centers on legacy stocks reappearing with Houthi-aligned forces in Yemen and Ukrainian forces during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
G5 155 mm howitzer, 155 mm towed gun-howitzer, Artillery1966 South African Border War, 1980 Iran-Iraq War +2 moreG5 155 mm howitzer155 mm towed gun-howitzerSide: South AfricaIraqYemeni government and Saudi-led coalition forcesBuilt: Denel Land Systems / South AfricaThe G5 155 mm howitzer is a South African towed gun-howitzer developed from the GC-45 long-range artillery lineage for mobile indirect fire. Lyttelton Engineering Works designed the system and Denel Land Systems became the normalized manufacturer, with sources documenting South African Border War service, Iraqi G5 use in the Iran-Iraq War and Gulf War, and UAE G5 deployment to Yemen.
155 mm FH77B Bofors howitzer, 155 mm towed howitzer, Artillery1999 Kargil War, 2019 India-Pakistan Border Skirmishes +1 more155 mm FH77B Bofors howitzer155 mm towed howitzerSide: IndiaBuilt: BAE Systems Bofors / SwedenThe 155 mm FH77B Bofors howitzer is a Swedish towed artillery piece developed by Bofors from the FH77A family and widely known in India as the Bofors gun. The export B-model retained the FH77 family’s auxiliary power unit for short self-movement, but used a longer 39-caliber barrel, screw breech, bag charges, and NATO-standard 155 mm ammunition. India’s 410-gun procurement made the FH77B a long-lived part of Indian Army artillery, with direct source-backed use in the 1999 Kargil War and later Line of Control firing in 2019 and 2025.
FH70 155 mm howitzer, 155 mm towed howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Yemen Civil WarFH70 155 mm howitzer155 mm towed howitzerSide: UkraineYemeni government and Saudi-led coalition forcesBuilt: VSEL / Rheinmetall / OTO Melara / United Kingdom / Germany / ItalyThe FH70 is a jointly developed British-West German-Italian 155 mm L/39 towed howitzer with an auxiliary power unit for limited self-movement. Ukrainian service made it a documented NATO-standard tube-artillery option alongside M777 and CAESAR systems, while Yemen reporting separately places Saudi FH70s among border artillery used during the war.
M198 155 mm howitzer, 155 mm towed howitzer, Artillery1990 Gulf War, 2001 War in Afghanistan +3 moreM198 155 mm howitzer155 mm towed howitzerSide: Coalition forcesUnited States, NATO, and Afghan government forcesUnited States and coalition forcesIraqi government and coalition forcesIslamic StateIslamic State and jihadist groupsBuilt: Rock Island Arsenal / United StatesThe M198 is a U.S.-designed 155 mm towed howitzer developed at Rock Island Arsenal to replace older M114-series guns. Its split-trail carriage, nine-person crew, air-transportable layout, and 22-30 km range made it a standard U.S. Army and Marine Corps fire-support weapon before the lighter M777 replaced it in U.S. service. Direct conflict sourcing now traces M198 fielding from Desert Storm through U.S. use in Afghanistan and Iraq, Islamic State capture and cross-border use in Iraq and Syria, Iraq-aligned militia firing, and coalition-backed Iraqi Army live-fire training.
M777, 155 mm towed howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 War Against the Islamic State +2 moreM777155 mm towed howitzerSide: UkraineAnti-ISIS coalition and partner forcesUnited States, NATO, and Afghan government forcesUnited States and coalition forcesBuilt: BAE Systems / United States / United KingdomThe M777 is a lightweight British-American 155 mm towed howitzer built by BAE Systems for mobile artillery units. Its titanium-and-aluminum structure, hydraulic mechanisms, and digital fire-control system made it a lighter successor to the M198 while keeping NATO 155 mm ammunition compatibility, including Excalibur precision fires documented in Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq, and Ukraine-related service.
TRF1, 155 mm towed howitzer, Artillery1990 Gulf War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine WarTRF1155 mm towed howitzerSide: Coalition forcesUkraineBuilt: Nexter / GIAT Industries / FranceThe TRF1 is a French 155 mm towed howitzer built by GIAT Industries for NATO-standard indirect fire. It entered French service in 1989, uses an auxiliary power unit for short self-movement, and can fire NATO-standard 155 mm ammunition as well as extended-range and BONUS projectiles; French sources document the gun with Division Daguet in the Gulf War and in later deliveries to Ukraine.
AHS Krab, 155 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine WarAHS Krab155 mm tracked self-propelled howitzerSide: UkraineBuilt: Huta Stalowa Wola / PolandThe AHS Krab is a Polish 155 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer built by Huta Stalowa Wola around a NATO-standard 52-caliber gun, an AS-90 Braveheart turret lineage, a K9-derived tracked chassis, and the TOPAZ fire-control ecosystem. In Ukrainian service it gives artillery units a mobile Western-caliber gun able to fire standard and precision 155 mm ammunition, displace after missions, and operate in counter-battery-threatened sectors of the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
AS-90, 155 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2003 Iraq WarAS-90155 mm tracked self-propelled howitzerSide: UkraineUnited States and coalition forcesBuilt: Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering / United KingdomThe AS-90 is a British tracked 155 mm self-propelled howitzer built for armored, mobile indirect fire support. Its documented service includes British deployments in Iraq and UK-donated systems in Ukrainian service, while the design is distinguished by a protected tracked chassis, 48-round ammunition stowage, rapid burst fire, and a standard L31 39-calibre gun with a conventional range of about 24.7 km.
K9 Thunder, 155 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer, Artillery2010 Yeonpyeongdo BombardmentK9 Thunder155 mm tracked self-propelled howitzerSide: South KoreaBuilt: Hanwha Aerospace / South KoreaThe K9 Thunder is a South Korean 155 mm / 52-caliber tracked self-propelled howitzer built around protected mobility, rapid displacement, and high-rate indirect fire. Hanwha markets the family through K9A1 and K9A2 modernization paths, while Finnish Army data, Hanwha material, and U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground reporting document its 47-ton tracked chassis, five-person baseline crew, 40 km-plus range class, burst-fire capability, K10 resupply link, and U.S. 155 mm munition compatibility work. Its directly sourced combat-use row here is the South Korean K9 response during the 2010 Yeonpyeongdo artillery exchange; Russia-Ukraine War links are treated as export and backfill context, not as Ukrainian K9 fielding.
M109A6 Paladin, 155 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2003 Iraq War +2 moreM109A6 Paladin155 mm tracked self-propelled howitzerSide: UkraineUnited States and coalition forcesAnti-ISIS coalition and partner forcesIraqi government and coalition forcesBuilt: United Defense / BAE Systems / United StatesThe M109A6 Paladin is a U.S. 155 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer that modernized the M109 family with onboard navigation, automatic fire-control, digital communications, and improved crew protection. The variant is documented in U.S. artillery missions in Iraq and later as a U.S.-supplied NATO-standard system in Ukrainian service, where it was paired with ammunition support vehicles for sustained mobile gun-line operations.
M109, 155 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer family, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 1955 Vietnam War +7 moreM109155 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer familySide: UkraineUnited States and South VietnamIsraelUnited States and coalition forcesIraqi government and coalition forcesAnti-ISIS coalition and partner forcesCoalition forcesBuilt: BAE Systems / United StatesThe M109 is a U.S.-origin 155 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer family built for mobile indirect fire with armored and mechanized forces. The family spans the original short-tube vehicle, M109A1 to M109A4 rebuild and export lines, the M109A5 M284-cannon upgrade, the digitally modernized M109A6 Paladin, current M109A7 production, and the longer-barrel M109-52 concept; catalog evidence here centers on direct conflict use by U.S., Ukrainian, U.S.-led coalition, and Israeli forces.
CAESAR, 155 mm truck-mounted howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2012 Mali War +2 moreCAESAR155 mm truck-mounted howitzerSide: UkraineMalian government and international forcesYemeni government and Saudi-led coalition forcesAnti-ISIS coalition and partner forcesBuilt: KNDS France / Nexter / FranceCAESAR is a French 155 mm/52-caliber truck-mounted howitzer family fielded in 6x6, protected Mk2, and 8x8 configurations. Its rapid displacement, NATO 155 mm ammunition compatibility, and guided-projectile options made it a widely exported mobile artillery system documented in Ukraine, Mali, Yemen, and coalition operations against the Islamic State.
DITA, 155 mm wheeled self-propelled gun-howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine WarDITA155 mm wheeled self-propelled gun-howitzerSide: UkraineBuilt: Excalibur Army / Czech RepublicDITA is a Czech 155 mm / 45-caliber wheeled self-propelled gun-howitzer from Excalibur Army, built around an automated weapon superstructure on a Tatra 8x8 chassis. Dutch-funded deliveries made it a Ukrainian 155 mm fire-support system during the full-scale phase of the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, where its small crew, automatic laying and loading, and 39 km range fit the demand for mobile NATO-standard artillery.
G6 Rhino 155 mm self-propelled howitzer, 155 mm wheeled self-propelled gun-howitzer, Artillery1966 South African Border War, 2014 Yemen Civil WarG6 Rhino 155 mm self-propelled howitzer155 mm wheeled self-propelled gun-howitzerSide: South AfricaYemeni government and Saudi-led coalition forcesBuilt: Denel Land Systems / South AfricaThe G6 Rhino is a South African 155 mm wheeled self-propelled gun-howitzer related to the G5 artillery family. Public sources identify Denel with the turret, OMC with the hull, and Lyttelton Engineering Works/Denel lineage with the system's development and production background, while conflict-use reporting places South African pre-production G6s in Angola in 1987 and UAE G6 howitzers in Yemen in 2015. Later G6-52 work paired the G6 concept with 52-caliber ordnance, automated ammunition handling, and longer-range V-LAP ammunition.
2S22 Bohdana, 155 mm wheeled self-propelled howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War2S22 Bohdana155 mm wheeled self-propelled howitzerSide: UkraineBuilt: PJSC Kramatorsk Heavy Duty Machine Tool Building Plant / Ukrainian Armor / UkraineThe 2S22 Bohdana is Ukraine's domestic NATO-standard 155 mm wheeled self-propelled howitzer family, developed around truck-mounted mobility, 155 mm ammunition compatibility, and rapid wartime production. It moved from a scarce prototype used against Russian positions on Snake Island into a family of front-line 6x6 and 8x8 systems, with a towed Bohdana-B/2P22 Bohdana-BG counterpart, foreign financing, and domestic production growth expanding the fleet.
Archer, 155 mm wheeled self-propelled howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine WarArcher155 mm wheeled self-propelled howitzerSide: UkraineBuilt: BAE Systems Bofors / SwedenArcher is a Swedish 155 mm L52 wheeled self-propelled howitzer designed by BAE Systems Bofors around automated loading, protected crew operation, and rapid displacement after firing. Sweden fielded the 6x6 Volvo-based system, later ordered 8x8 RMMV versions for its own artillery force, and Ukrainian front-line use has been documented through Swedish reporting and government sustainment packages.
M825A1 155 mm White-Phosphorus Smoke Projectile, 155 mm white-phosphorus smoke projectile, Artillery2008 Gaza War, 2023 Israel-Hamas War +2 moreM825A1 155 mm White-Phosphorus Smoke Projectile155 mm white-phosphorus smoke projectileSide: IsraelThailandBuilt: Pine Bluff Arsenal / General Dynamics-Scranton AAP / United StatesThe M825A1 is a U.S. 155 mm separate-loading, base-ejection white-phosphorus smoke projectile introduced in March 1985 for screening and marking. Army material describes its 116 felt-wedge payload and 5-15 minute smoke-screen effect, while Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and Thai PBS Verify document M825/M825A1-family combat use from Gaza to the Thailand-Cambodia border.
155 mm Soltam M-71, 155 mm/39-caliber towed howitzer, Artillery2021 Myanmar Civil War155 mm Soltam M-71155 mm/39-caliber towed howitzerSide: State Administration Council and allied forcesPeople's Defense Forces and ethnic armed organizationsBuilt: Soltam Systems / IsraelThe Soltam M-71 is an Israeli 155 mm/39-caliber towed howitzer developed from Soltam's earlier M-68 gun-howitzer line. It combines NATO-standard 155 mm ammunition, a split-trail carriage, horizontal sliding-block breech, compressed-air rammer, and high-speed towing gear; in Myanmar's post-2021 civil war, open reporting places M-71 guns in the captured artillery inventory from Operation 1027 rather than proving post-capture firing.
155 mm ShKH ZUZANA vz. 2000, 155 mm/45 wheeled self-propelled gun-howitzer, Artillery155 mm ShKH ZUZANA vz. 2000155 mm/45 wheeled self-propelled gun-howitzerSide: UnknownBuilt: ZTS Dubnica nad Vahom / SlovakiaThe 155 mm ShKH ZUZANA is the Slovak NATO-caliber development of the DANA wheeled artillery family, using a 45-caliber 155 mm gun, automatic loading, and a Tatra 8x8 chassis. Open sources support its Slovak and Cypriot service context and its relationship to Zuzana 2, but the older M. 2000 system is kept out of conflict listings because direct battlefield-use sourcing was not verified.
Panter 155 mm howitzer, 155 mm/52-caliber towed howitzer with auxiliary self-propulsion, Artillery1984 Kurdish-Turkish ConflictPanter 155 mm howitzer155 mm/52-caliber towed howitzer with auxiliary self-propulsionSide: TurkeyBuilt: MKE / TurkeyThe Panter is a Turkish 155 mm/52-caliber howitzer family developed by MKE for long-range NATO-standard artillery fire. The original towed system combines a split-trail carriage, assisted loading, and an auxiliary power unit for local movement, while the T-155 TTA / 8x8 program remounts the modernized Panter weapon system on a BMC wheeled tactical vehicle with ASELSAN fire control. Its public conflict record is narrow and disputed: open reporting ties the type to the July 2022 Zakho shelling attribution, while Turkey denied responsibility.
160 mm Soltam M-66, 160 mm towed heavy mortar, Artillery1973 Yom Kippur War, 1982 Lebanon War160 mm Soltam M-66160 mm towed heavy mortarSide: IsraelBuilt: Soltam Systems / IsraelThe 160 mm Soltam M-66 is an Israeli heavy mortar derived from the Finnish Tampella 160 Krh/58C lineage and built around a large 38 kg-class bomb, a wheel-supported firing carriage, and truck-towed mobility. Open sources document both the towed mortar and the Makmat self-propelled installation, which mounted the M-66 on a modified M4 Sherman chassis for Israeli heavy fire-support use.
160mm M160, 160 mm towed heavy mortar, Artillery2011 Syrian Civil War, 1990 Gulf War160mm M160160 mm towed heavy mortarSide: Syrian government and alliesIraqBuilt: Tulamashzavod / No. 172 Plant / Soviet UnionThe 160mm M160 is a Soviet postwar breech-loading heavy mortar developed as a longer-ranged successor to the wartime 160mm PM-43. Its hinged rear-loading barrel, large baseplate, and two-wheel carriage made it closer to a towed artillery piece than a man-portable mortar, trading mobility for a 40 kg-class bomb and an 8 km indirect-fire reach.
160mm PM-43, 160 mm towed heavy mortar, Artillery1967 Six-Day War, 1973 Yom Kippur War +1 more160mm PM-43160 mm towed heavy mortarSide: Egypt / Jordan / SyriaEgyptAllied PowersBuilt: Tulamashzavod / Soviet UnionThe 160mm PM-43, also known as the 160-PM-43 or MT-13, is a Soviet breech-loading heavy mortar developed from the idea of scaling up the 120 mm mortar family. Its hinged barrel let crews load a roughly 40 kg bomb from the rear, giving Soviet forces a short-range but very heavy indirect-fire weapon in the final stages of the Second World War before the longer-ranged M-160 replaced it in postwar Soviet service; open references also place Egyptian 160-PM-43 use in the 1967 and 1973 wars with Israel.
180 mm gun S-23, 180 mm towed heavy gun, Artillery1973 Yom Kippur War, 2011 Syrian Civil War180 mm gun S-23180 mm towed heavy gunSide: EgyptSyriaSyrian government and alliesOpposition and anti-government forcesBuilt: Barrikady / Soviet UnionThe S-23 is a Soviet 180 mm towed heavy gun built for long-range corps or army-level fire rather than close tactical support. Its unusual caliber, heavy split-trail carriage, and rocket-assisted ammunition gave Syrian and Egyptian forces a long-reach artillery option in the 1973 Yom Kippur War, while later Syrian Civil War evidence shows the type still present in Syrian Army artillery stocks decades after production ended.
203mm M115, 203 mm towed heavy howitzer, ArtillerySecond World War, Korean War +4 more203mm M115203 mm towed heavy howitzerSide: Allied PowersUnited Nations Command and South KoreaRepublic of ChinaUnited States and South VietnamIranIraqBuilt: Unknown / United StatesThe 203mm M115 was the U.S. Army's 8 inch towed heavy howitzer lineage that entered wartime service as the M1/M2 family and later received the M115 designation. Official Army and museum material links the weapon to U.S. heavy artillery in the Korean and Vietnam Wars, Republic of China use during the 1958 Taiwan Strait crisis, and a captured Iran-to-Iraq-to-U.S. display example from the Iran-Iraq War and Gulf War.
203 mm howitzer M1931 (B-4), 203 mm tracked heavy howitzer, ArtillerySecond World War203 mm howitzer M1931 (B-4)203 mm tracked heavy howitzerSide: Allied PowersAxis PowersBuilt: Bolshevik Plant / Barrikady / Soviet UnionThe 203 mm howitzer M1931 (B-4) was a Soviet high-power heavy howitzer built for reserve artillery, siege fire, bunker attack, and urban demolition, later modernized as the wheeled B-4M. Its 203 mm shell, slow rate of fire, and difficult transport made it a specialized weapon rather than a divisional howitzer, but sources document Soviet and captured German use during the Second World War, including prominent employment in the Battle of Berlin.
2S7 Pion, 203 mm tracked self-propelled gun, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2008 Russo-Georgian War +1 more2S7 Pion203 mm tracked self-propelled gunSide: RussiaUkraineGeorgiaAzerbaijanBuilt: Leningrad Kirov Plant / Barrikady Arsenal / Soviet UnionThe 2S7 Pion is a Soviet 203 mm tracked self-propelled gun built for long-range, high-power fires against important rear-area targets. Its 2A44 gun, T-80-derived tracked chassis, and rocket-assisted projectile range kept the Pion and Malka family visible in several post-Soviet wars, including documented Georgian losses in 2008, Azerbaijani 2020 use, and Russian and Ukrainian operation during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
2S7M Malka, 203 mm tracked self-propelled gun, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War2S7M Malka203 mm tracked self-propelled gunSide: RussiaUkraineBuilt: Leningrad Kirov Plant / Barrikady / Uraltransmash / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 2S7M Malka is the late Soviet modernized member of the 2S7 Pion heavy artillery family, built around the 203 mm 2A44 gun for long-range fire against deep, hardened, or high-value targets. Compared with the original Pion, Malka carries more ready ammunition, has a higher maximum rate of fire, and in Russian service has been documented in Ukraine as a long-range fire-support and counterbattery system sometimes used with drone spotting.
BM-27 Uragan, 220 mm self-propelled multiple launch rocket system, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +3 moreBM-27 Uragan220 mm self-propelled multiple launch rocket systemSide: RussiaUkraineSyrian government and alliesArmenia / ArtsakhHouthi-aligned forcesRussia and South Ossetian forcesBuilt: NPO Splav / Soviet Union / RussiaThe BM-27 Uragan is the Soviet 9K57 220 mm multiple launch rocket system, built around the 16-tube 9P140 launcher and 9T452 transporter-loader on ZIL-135LM-family wheeled chassis. Its rocket family gives heavier payloads than BM-21 Grad-class systems, including high-explosive fragmentation, cluster, incendiary, fuel-air explosive, and mine-scattering rounds. Documented use spans Russia-Ukraine, Syria, Yemen, Nagorno-Karabakh, and the 2008 Russo-Georgian War, with the system still relevant through Ukrainian overhaul work and Bureviy modernization.
Bureviy, 220 mm self-propelled multiple launch rocket system, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine WarBureviy220 mm self-propelled multiple launch rocket systemSide: UkraineBuilt: Shepetivka Repair Plant / UkraineBureviy is a Ukrainian 220 mm multiple launch rocket system that updates the BM-27 Uragan concept with a Tatra T815-7 8x8 chassis, digital fire-control equipment, and compatibility with Uragan-family rockets. Developed by Shepetivka Repair Plant and publicly tested in 2020, it gives Ukrainian artillery a more mobile heavy rocket launcher while retaining the 16-tube 220 mm rocket package used for area fires.
TOS-1A Solntsepyok, 220 mm thermobaric multiple rocket launcher, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +2 moreTOS-1A Solntsepyok220 mm thermobaric multiple rocket launcherSide: RussiaUkraineSyrian government and alliesIraqi government and coalition forcesAzerbaijanBuilt: Omsktransmash / Uralvagonzavod / RussiaThe TOS-1A Solntsepyok is a Russian tracked heavy flamethrower system that functions as a short-range thermobaric multiple rocket launcher. Built around a BM-1 launcher on a tank chassis with transporter-loaders, it fires unguided 220 mm rockets to support infantry and armor against fortified positions, vehicles, and troops in cover. In the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War it has been documented in Russian service near the front line, where its short range creates both destructive local effects and high vulnerability to Ukrainian targeting.
TRLG-230, 230 mm laser-guided artillery rocket, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ConflictTRLG-230230 mm laser-guided artillery rocketSide: UkraineAzerbaijanBuilt: Roketsan / TurkeyThe TRLG-230 is Roketsan's 230 mm laser-guided artillery rocket for the MCL launcher family, combining GPS/GLONASS-aided INS with terminal laser homing for precision strikes at 20-70 km. Roketsan markets the missile for high-priority artillery, air-defense, radar, command, and logistics targets, while open reporting places it in Azerbaijani use during the 2020 Karabakh war and in Ukrainian service from 2022.
M1985 / M1991 240 mm multiple rocket launcher family, 240 mm multiple launch rocket system family, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine WarM1985 / M1991 240 mm multiple rocket launcher family240 mm multiple launch rocket system familySide: RussiaBuilt: North Korean defense industry / North KoreaThe M1985 and M1991 are North Korean 240 mm road-mobile multiple rocket launcher systems identified by U.S. intelligence observation-year designations. The family includes a 12-tube M1985 and a 22-tube M1991, fires unguided spin-stabilized 240 mm rockets to roughly 40-60 km, and has now been documented in Russian service during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
2S4 Tyulpan, 240 mm self-propelled heavy mortar, Artillery1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 1994 First Chechen War +2 more2S4 Tyulpan240 mm self-propelled heavy mortarSide: Soviet Union and Afghan government forcesRussiaBuilt: Uraltransmash / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 2S4 Tyulpan is a Soviet 240 mm self-propelled heavy mortar built around a large breech-loaded 2B8 mortar on a tracked chassis. Its unusually heavy bombs, guided and special-purpose ammunition options, and low rate of fire make it a siege and bunker-attack weapon rather than a conventional rapid-fire howitzer. Soviet and Russian forces used it in Afghanistan and Chechnya, and Russian forces have fielded or lost examples in Ukraine, where its size and firing signature make it a high-value counter-battery target.
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