The M120 Rak is a Polish 120 mm turreted self-propelled mortar system developed by Huta Stalowa Wola for protected, rapidly displaced indirect fire. The best-documented fielded version is the M120K on the Rosomak 8x8 chassis, with Ukrainian service confirmed during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War after Poland arranged Rak fire-module transfers in 2023.
Ukraine's Ministry of Defence says Ukrainian forces operate the Rak self-propelled mortar system. SIPRI records a 2023 Poland-to-Ukraine transfer/order for 24 M-120K Rak 120 mm self-propelled mortars, and Defense Express identified 44th Mechanized Brigade video of the Polish 120 mm Rak in Ukrainian service.
Role detailsRak is the turreted 120 mm mortar system; public sources distinguish wheeled M120K/SMK 120 vehicles from tracked M120G/SMG 120 configurations.
| Variant | Configuration | Designation notes |
|---|---|---|
| M120K Rak | Wheeled Rosomak-chassis production variant | Army Recognition and Ukraine-focused reporting identify the Ukrainian-service vehicle as the Rosomak 8x8-based M120K/SMK 120 configuration. Sources: Army Recognition RAK 120mm mortar, Defense Express Rak first Ukrainian video |
| M120G Rak | Tracked-carrier configuration | Defence24 and HSW technical data describe the Rak mortar turret on tracked as well as wheeled carriers, with the tracked carrier using a different engine, dimensions, and 60 km/h road-speed figure. Sources: RAK - HSW 120 mm Self-Propelled Mortar, HSW 120 mm Self-Propelled Mortars PDF |
The wheeled Rak configuration is tied to the Polish Rosomak armored vehicle family rather than a unique standalone hull.
| Compatible item | Item type | Compatibility evidence |
|---|---|---|
 | 8x8 armored carrier chassis | Army Recognition identifies the RAK 8x8 mortar carrier as based on the Rosomak armored personnel carrier chassis, while Ukraine's Ministry of Defence separately notes Ukrainian operation of both Rosomak combat variants and the Rak mortar system. Sources: Army Recognition RAK 120mm mortar, Ukraine MOD Rosomak APC overview |
Rak is a protected, self-propelled firing system built around a 120 mm mortar and automated ammunition handling.
| Ammunition | Ammunition type | Firing evidence |
|---|---|---|
 | 120 mm mortar caliber family | HSW and Defence24 describe Rak as a 120 mm self-propelled mortar carrying 46 rounds, with 20 ready in the automatic rotary magazine and 26 in the ammunition compartment. Sources: HSW 120 mm Self-Propelled Mortars PDF, RAK - HSW 120 mm Self-Propelled Mortar |
Rak is fielded as more than an individual mortar vehicle. HSW describes a company fire module around 8 M120K self-propelled mortars, 4 Rosomak-based artillery command vehicles, 2 artillery reconnaissance vehicles, 3 artillery ammunition vehicles, 1 artillery armament repair vehicle, and 1 technical security vehicle, which is why transfer reporting often counts both mortar vehicles and support vehicles.
HSW said the eighth company fire module from the 2016 contract completed a package that put more than 60 M120K mortars into Polish artillery units.
OSW reported three Rak fire modules ordered by Ukraine in April 2023, totaling 24 120 mm self-propelled mortars with protection vehicles.
HSW technical data gives Level 1 STANAG 4569 ballistic protection for both tracked and wheeled carrier examples, with modular protection depending on customer requirements.
Sources: HSW 8th Rak company fire module; HSW Rak artillery ammunition vehicle order; OSW Polish-Ukrainian military partnership; HSW 120 mm Self-Propelled Mortars PDF.
Army Recognition reports an April 2016 contract for 64 M120K mortar vehicles and 32 AWD command vehicles for the Polish Armed Forces.
Sources: Army Recognition RAK 120mm mortar
HSW said a new order covered components for two Rak company fire modules and reported that seven company fire modules had already been delivered under the 2016 agreement.
Sources: Huta Stalowa Wola with another order for Rak
HSW said the final company fire module from the 2016 agreement completed deliveries under that contract and brought Polish artillery units to more than 60 M120K mortars.
Sources: HSW 8th Rak company fire module
OSW reported that agreements during President Volodymyr Zelensky's Warsaw visit included three Rak fire modules, totaling 24 120 mm self-propelled mortars with protection vehicles.
Sources: OSW Polish-Ukrainian military partnership
Defense Express described 44th Mechanized Brigade video as the first public video of the Polish 120 mm Rak self-propelled mortar in Ukrainian service.
Sources: Defense Express Rak first Ukrainian video
Ukraine's Ministry of Defence stated that the Defence Forces of Ukraine operate both Hitfist-30P Rosomak combat vehicles and the Rak self-propelled mortar system.
Sources: Ukraine MOD Rosomak APC overview
