Conflict side

Yemeni government and coalition forces Weapons and Military Equipment

Yemeni government and coalition forces is an umbrella side for Yemen's internationally recognized government, the Presidential Leadership Council camp, Saudi-led coalition militaries, and aligned local forces whose anti-Houthi cooperation has been shaped by fragmented command, Saudi and Emirati patronage, airpower, missile defense, armor, and imported precision munitions.

110 weapon systems
Overview

Yemen's internationally recognized government entered the current war through President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi's administration and, after April 7, 2022, through the Presidential Leadership Council headed by Rashad Mohammed Al-Alimi. United Nations Security Council Resolution 2216 reaffirmed support for Hadi's legitimacy in 2015, while the PLC announcement transferred presidential and vice-presidential powers to a collective body responsible for political, military, and security management during the transitional period.

The military side represented here is not a single unified armed force. It covers the Government of Yemen and PLC-aligned camp, Saudi-led coalition forces, UAE-backed or coalition-trained local formations, and other anti-Houthi elements whose cooperation has varied by front, patron, and period. The catalog therefore spans Saudi and Emirati combat aircraft, Patriot air-defense systems, coalition armor and artillery, Yemeni legacy ground equipment, and Western- or Gulf-supplied munitions documented in Yemen conflict-use records.

The coalition intervention began in March 2015 after Hadi requested outside support as Houthi-aligned forces advanced from Sanaa toward Aden. Saudi Arabia led the campaign and, in early coalition listings, operated alongside the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Sudan; Qatar later left the coalition in 2017. Coalition operations combined airstrikes, naval and border activity, ground support, and train-and-equip relationships with Yemeni forces.

The side's equipment profile is therefore heavily external. Cataloged entries include F-15, Tornado, Typhoon, Mirage 2000, and F-16 combat aircraft; guided bombs and cruise or precision missiles; Patriot and related interceptors used against Houthi missiles and drones; Leclerc and M1 Abrams tanks; CAESAR and FH70 artillery; UAE-origin armored vehicles; MRAPs; heavy machine guns; and legacy Yemeni armored and artillery systems.

Political control and military control have repeatedly diverged. The PLC was intended to gather major anti-Houthi figures and forces into one leadership structure, but UN and government reporting continued to describe unresolved command integration, rivalry among PLC-aligned actors, and reluctance by some southern forces to join a unified command. Saudi Arabia has remained the principal external backer of the recognized government, while the United Arab Emirates has retained influence through southern and counterterrorism-linked networks.

The 2022 UN-mediated truce sharply reduced coalition air operations, but it did not remove the military-security context around this side. Houthi missile, UAV, and Red Sea attacks kept air defense, maritime security, interdiction, and international support central to the Government of Yemen and coalition security agenda, while oil-terminal attacks, diverted trade, road restrictions, and fiscal pressure affected the government's ability to sustain forces and pay public-sector salaries.

Presidential Leadership CouncilSaudi-led coalition airpowerfragmented command structuremissile and air defensecoalition armored mobility
Featured Weapons
F-15 family fighter aircraft, Fighter aircraft family, Aircraft & UAVs

F-15 family fighter aircraft

Represents Saudi coalition airpower, including strike activity over Yemen and later interception of Houthi UAV threats.

Aircraft & UAVs / Fighter aircraft family
MIM-104 Patriot, Long-range surface-to-air and ballistic missile defense system, Air Defense

MIM-104 Patriot

Shows the missile-defense layer used by Saudi and Emirati forces against Houthi rockets, ballistic missiles, and drones.

Air Defense / Long-range surface-to-air and ballistic missile defense system
Leclerc tank, Third-generation main battle tank, Tanks

Leclerc tank

Highlights the UAE heavy-armor contribution to coalition ground operations around Aden, Al Anad, and western-coast campaigns.

Tanks / Third-generation main battle tank
CAESAR, 155 mm truck-mounted howitzer, Artillery

CAESAR

Represents Saudi border artillery documented near the Saudi-Yemeni frontier in support of coalition and loyalist operations.

Artillery / 155 mm truck-mounted howitzer
GBU-31 JDAM (Mk 84 / BLU-109), 2,000-pound GPS/INS-guided bomb configuration, Munitions

GBU-31 JDAM (Mk 84 / BLU-109)

A documented precision-munition entry that anchors the air-campaign evidence and its civilian-harm sourcing limits.

Munitions / 2,000-pound GPS/INS-guided bomb configuration
From Hadi's Government to the Presidential Leadership Council

The recognized-government side traces its wartime legitimacy to Hadi's presidency and the 2015 Security Council framework. Resolution 2216 condemned Houthi actions, demanded withdrawal from seized areas including Sanaa, and noted Hadi's request for support from the Gulf Cooperation Council and Arab League by all necessary means and measures, including military intervention.

On April 7, 2022, Hadi transferred presidential and vice-presidential powers to the Presidential Leadership Council. The announcement named Rashad Mohammed Al-Alimi as chair and included seven deputy-chair members: Sultan al-Arada, Tariq Mohammed Saleh, Abd al-Rahman Abu Zara'a al-Muharrami, Abdullah al-Alimi Bawazeer, Othman Hussein Mogali, Aidarous al-Zubaidi, and Faraj Salmin al-Bahsani. The decree tasked the PLC with transitional political, military, and security responsibilities and with negotiating a permanent ceasefire and comprehensive political settlement.

The PLC was designed to bring major anti-Houthi centers of power into one formal structure, including figures linked to Marib, the Southern Transitional Council, National Resistance Forces, Giants Brigades, Hadramawt, Saada, and Hadi's political office. Government and UN reporting nevertheless continued to describe the anti-Houthi camp as fragmented rather than fully integrated under one national military chain of command.

Coalition Airpower and Imported Strike Systems

Saudi-led coalition warfare relied on imported aircraft, munitions, basing, maintenance, and external support. Congressional Research Service reporting describes U.S. logistics, information, training, and advisers as part of early support to the Saudi-led campaign, while UK government evidence to Parliament stated that Saudi-operated UK-built or UK-licensed Typhoon and Tornado aircraft flew combat missions in Yemen.

The cataloged air-campaign layer includes F-15 family aircraft, F-15S strike aircraft, Panavia Tornado, Eurofighter Typhoon, Mirage 2000, F-16, Su-24, armed light aircraft, and CH-4B UAVs. Its munition layer includes Paveway IV, GBU-16, GBU-24, GBU-31/JDAM, PGM500/Hakim 2, Storm Shadow, Brimstone, unguided bombs, and cluster-munition entries where specific conflict-use evidence exists.

Air-campaign evidence carries unusually high attribution and legal-risk sensitivity. Human Rights Watch, Mwatana, Amnesty International, UN experts, and parliamentary or government records document specific strikes, munition remnants, and civilian-harm allegations, but incident attribution must stay tied to named actors, dates, and source standards rather than generalized to every coalition sortie.

Ground Forces, Local Partners, and Armored Mobility

Coalition-backed ground warfare mixed Gulf expeditionary units, Yemeni government forces, UAE-backed local formations, southern forces, border forces, and legacy Yemeni units. The equipment catalog reflects that mix: Leclerc and M1 Abrams tanks, BMP-2 and BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicles, M113 and BTR-series carriers, MRAPs such as MaxxPro, Caiman, Cougar, M-ATV, REVA, and NIMR AJBAN, plus local armored vehicles such as Jalal, Qutaish, and BTR-60 conversions.

This ground-force category needs careful actor labeling. Some equipment was operated directly by Saudi or Emirati forces, some by Yemeni government or coalition-aligned units, and some by UAE-backed or southern formations whose political relationship with the recognized government changed over time. UN Panel reporting in 2023 said the PLC's military committee had not unified different armed forces under one command, and 2024 reporting described continued reluctance by STC forces to join unified forces.

Artillery and infantry weapons add the legacy and border layers of the side. CAESAR, FH70, MO-120 RT, D-30, D-20, M-46, A-19, 120 mm mortars, heavy machine guns, and rifles appear beside armored vehicles, showing a force ecosystem that ranges from modern Gulf procurement to older Yemeni and Soviet-pattern stocks.

Missile Defense, Red Sea Security, and Interdiction

Houthi missile and UAV attacks on Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates made air defense a defining coalition requirement. Patriot, PAC-2 GEM/T, PAC-3, Crotale, HAWK, Pantsir-S1, and AMRAAM entries in the catalog reflect the defensive side of a conflict shaped by ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, drones, and cross-border strike attempts.

After the April 2022 truce, UN reporting described a reduction in coalition airstrikes, but the security problem shifted rather than disappeared. Red Sea and Gulf of Aden attacks by Houthi forces drew the conflict into maritime security, while the Government of Yemen sought international support to counter Houthi capability and secure shipping lanes.

Interdiction and customs seizures became part of the anti-Houthi supply-chain fight. The UN Panel of Experts reported Government of Yemen seizures of military and dual-use items from 2023 onward, while IISS analysis describes Houthi maritime attacks and sustainment networks as relying on missiles, UAVs, uncrewed surface vessels, and smuggling routes through dhows and Red Sea ports.

Dated Force and Equipment Milestones
  1. Saudi-led intervention begins

    Saudi Arabia and coalition partners began military operations after Hadi requested outside support against the Houthi advance.

  2. UAE armor deployed around Aden

    Reporting documented UAE Leclerc tanks and coalition armored forces entering the Aden and Al Anad ground campaign period.

  3. Imported strike systems under scrutiny

    Parliamentary, investigative, and rights-group evidence focused on coalition use of imported aircraft, guided bombs, cluster munitions, and artillery.

  4. UN truce changes the operating tempo

    The UN-mediated truce halted offensive ground, aerial, and naval operations and preceded a sharp drop in coalition airstrike reporting.

  5. Presidential Leadership Council formed

    Hadi transferred presidential powers to the PLC, creating a collective recognized-government leadership for the anti-Houthi camp.

  6. Red Sea attacks elevate maritime defense

    Houthi attacks on shipping expanded the profile's security context from Yemen's front lines to Red Sea and Gulf of Aden maritime routes.

Yemeni government and coalition forces Context
Umbrella Side

References to this side group together recognized-government, Saudi-led coalition, UAE-backed, southern, and local anti-Houthi forces; command relationships must be read by actor and period.

Attribution Limit

Airstrike, arms-transfer, and local-force claims are strongest when tied to named incidents, munition remnants, official records, or UN Panel findings rather than generalized coalition responsibility.

Sources

This side is an umbrella alignment, so source language is kept actor-specific where possible. UN, CRS, UK parliamentary, and government sources support the political and coalition structure; rights-group and investigative sources support specific airstrike, munition, and civilian-harm evidence; weapon-specific battlefield claims remain in individual weapon records. Evidence is uneven across front lines, local partners, arms-transfer chains, and post-truce command relationships.

  • CFR Yemen and Red Sea TrackerPublisher: Council on Foreign Relations | Note: Supports broad Yemen conflict chronology, Saudi-led coalition intervention, UN truce context, and Red Sea escalation. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • UN Security Council Resolution 2216Publisher: United Nations Security Council | Note: Supports the 2015 recognized-government framing, Hadi legitimacy language, Houthi withdrawal demands, and Hadi's request for external support. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Presidential Announcement Forming the PLCPublisher: Office of President Dr. Rashad Al-Alimi | Note: Supports the April 7, 2022 transfer of powers to the Presidential Leadership Council, PLC membership, transitional mandate, and ceasefire-negotiation role. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Presidential Council Security Committee BriefingPublisher: SABA News Agency | Note: Supports the PLC Military and Security Committee objective of integrating armed and security forces under unified national command. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Presidential Council Replaces HadiPublisher: Sana'a Center for Strategic Studies | Note: Supports PLC formation context, anti-Houthi faction representation, and post-Hadi political transition. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • General Country of Origin Information Report on YemenPublisher: Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Note: Supports the description of PLC-aligned de facto rulers, rivalry among anti-Houthi actors, and governance fragmentation. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Yemen: Giving Peace a ChancePublisher: UK House of Lords International Relations Committee | Note: Supports early Saudi-led coalition membership, coalition role in support of Hadi, and Qatar withdrawal context. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Yemen in 2025/26Publisher: UK House of Commons Library | Note: Supports current recognized-government, PLC, Aden temporary-capital, Saudi/UAE divergence, and southern balance-of-power context. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Yemen: In BriefPublisher: Congressional Research Service via EveryCRSReport | Note: Supports Saudi-led intervention context, U.S. support categories, IRG/PLC terminology, Saudi and UAE roles, and recent south-Yemen political-military dynamics. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • UN Panel of Experts on Yemen Report S/2024/731Publisher: United Nations Security Council | Note: Supports 2024 Panel findings on PLC force-integration limits, STC reluctance, interdictions, Red Sea security, and Government of Yemen support requests. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • UN Panel of Experts on Yemen Report S/2023/833Publisher: United Nations Security Council | Note: Supports post-truce decline in coalition airstrikes, government revenue and logistics pressure, oil-terminal impacts, and military committee integration limits. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • UN Panel of Experts on Yemen Report S/2023/130Publisher: United Nations Security Council | Note: Supports Houthi missile and UAV attacks on Saudi and Emirati targets and corresponding air-defense context. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Navigating Troubled WatersPublisher: International Institute for Strategic Studies | Note: Supports Red Sea and Gulf of Aden missile, UAV, uncrewed-surface-vessel, and maritime-smuggling context. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Use of UK-Manufactured Arms in YemenPublisher: UK Parliament Committees | Note: Supports UK evidence on Saudi-operated Typhoon and Tornado aircraft, Paveway bombs, Brimstone, Storm Shadow, and UAE PGM500/Hakim 2 use in Yemen. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • The Conflict in Yemen and EU Arms Export ControlsPublisher: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute | Note: Supports arms-import dependence and European-supplier context for Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • The Missile War in YemenPublisher: CSIS Missile Defense Project | Note: Supports the missile-defense environment and Patriot relevance against Houthi rockets, ballistic missiles, and drones. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • The Saudi-UAE War Effort in Yemen: Operation Golden Arrow in AdenPublisher: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy | Note: Supports UAE and coalition ground-force context around Aden, including armored operations. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Yemen PapersPublisher: Disclose | Note: Supports French-origin equipment and Saudi border artillery context, including CAESAR howitzers and coalition weapons scrutiny. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Yemen: US Bombs Used in Deadliest Market StrikePublisher: Human Rights Watch | Note: Supports GBU-31/JDAM munition-remnant evidence and civilian-harm caveats for coalition airstrikes. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Yemen: Latest Round of Saudi-UAE-Led Attacks Targets CiviliansPublisher: Human Rights Watch | Note: Supports actor-specific airstrike attribution cautions and civilian-harm evidence around January 2022 strikes. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Situation of Human Rights in Yemen A/HRC/48/20Publisher: United Nations Human Rights Council | Note: Supports source-standard caveats, access limitations, reasonable-grounds language, and multi-party violation findings. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Yemen: State and DOD Need Better Information on Civilian ImpactsPublisher: U.S. Government Accountability Office | Note: Supports U.S. support and end-use monitoring caveats for Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Understanding Military Units in Southern YemenPublisher: Critical Threats Project | Note: Supports southern force-structure complexity, UAE-backed formations, and actor-boundary caveats. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
Aircraft & UAVs

Category

Crewed aircraft, drones, and loitering munitions.

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Air Tractor AT-802, Agricultural and armed multi-mission turboprop aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Yemen Civil War, 2014 Second Libyan Civil War +1 moreAir Tractor AT-802Agricultural and armed multi-mission turboprop aircraftBuilt: Air Tractor / United StatesThe Air Tractor AT-802 is a high-capacity American single-engine turboprop family spanning agricultural, firefighting, and armed derivatives. Its AT-802U and Longsword branches adapted the rugged crop-duster airframe for ISR, light strike, and austere-field operations, including documented use in Yemen, Libya, and Egypt's Sinai campaign.
IOMAX Archangel, Armed surveillance and light attack turboprop aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Yemen Civil War, 2014 Second Libyan Civil WarIOMAX ArchangelArmed surveillance and light attack turboprop aircraftBuilt: IOMAX USA, LLC / United StatesThe IOMAX Archangel is a U.S.-built armed surveillance and light attack turboprop based on the Thrush S2R-660/S2R-T660 agricultural airframe and developed after IOMAX's earlier AT-802 border-patrol aircraft work for the UAE. IOMAX markets the aircraft for low-cost armed ISR, counterinsurgency, border security, and precision strike from austere strips, and open-source investigations later documented UAE-linked Archangel operations in Yemen and Libya.
F-15 family fighter aircraft, Fighter aircraft family, Aircraft & UAVs2023 Israel-Hezbollah Conflict, 2023 Israel-Hamas War +12 moreF-15 family fighter aircraftFighter aircraft familyBuilt: McDonnell Douglas / Boeing / United StatesThe F-15 family covers U.S.-origin Eagle air-superiority fighters, F-15E Strike Eagle attack aircraft, and export or modernized derivatives such as the F-15 Baz, F-15I, F-15S, and F-15EX. The catalog records its air-to-air, interdiction, long-range strike, no-fly-zone patrol, and evacuation-cover roles from the 1982 Lebanon War and 1990 Gulf War through Israeli, Saudi, U.S., and coalition operations in the 2020s.
Predator XP, Medium-altitude long-endurance ISR remotely piloted aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Yemen Civil WarPredator XPMedium-altitude long-endurance ISR remotely piloted aircraftBuilt: General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. / International Golden Group / United States / United Arab EmiratesPredator XP is General Atomics Aeronautical Systems' export-focused Predator-family remotely piloted aircraft for persistent overland and maritime intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions. The unarmed variant was licensed for a wider export market than armed MQ-1 Predators, with the UAE becoming the first announced customer through an International Golden Group procurement path. GA-ASI still described the UAE Armed Forces as Predator XP operators in 2023, and open-source research ties Emirati Predator XP deployment to the Yemen war.
F-16 Fighting Falcon, Multirole fighter aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2023 Israel-Hamas War +17 moreF-16 Fighting FalconMultirole fighter aircraftBuilt: General Dynamics / Lockheed Martin / United StatesThe F-16 Fighting Falcon is a U.S.-designed single-engine multirole fighter family used for air defense, air-to-air combat, suppression support, and precision strike missions. This entry covers the F-16C/D production branch requested by the F-16C designation alongside F-16AM/BM MLU aircraft documented from Kosovo and Libya to Ukrainian service.
Mirage 2000, Single-engine multirole fighter aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Yemen Civil War +6 moreMirage 2000Single-engine multirole fighter aircraftBuilt: Dassault Aviation / FranceThe Mirage 2000 is Dassault Aviation's French single-engine delta-wing fighter family, built around air-defense and strike variants. The Mirage 2000-5 branch modernized the air-defense Mirage with RDY-family radar, HOTAS and glass-cockpit avionics, and MICA air-to-air missiles; the catalog tracks its use from Indian high-altitude strike missions in the 1999 Kargil War to French expeditionary operations and Ukraine's 2025 wartime introduction of French-supplied Mirage 2000-5 aircraft.
AH-64 Apache attack helicopter, Twin-engine attack helicopter, Aircraft & UAVs1990 Gulf War, 2020 United States-Iran Conflict +7 moreAH-64 Apache attack helicopterTwin-engine attack helicopterBuilt: McDonnell Douglas / Boeing / United StatesThe AH-64 Apache is a U.S. twin-engine attack helicopter family designed by Hughes Helicopters and continued through McDonnell Douglas and Boeing production. Built around a two-person crew, nose-mounted sensors, a 30 mm chain gun, rockets, and guided missiles, it has direct source-backed combat use from Desert Storm and Iraq to Afghanistan, Sinai, Yemen, Gaza, Lebanon, anti-ISIS operations, and recent U.S. operations against Iran.
Eurofighter Typhoon, Twin-engine multirole combat aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs2011 First Libyan Civil War, 2014 War Against the Islamic State +2 moreEurofighter TyphoonTwin-engine multirole combat aircraftBuilt: Airbus / BAE Systems / Leonardo / United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, and SpainThe Eurofighter Typhoon is a twin-engine, canard-delta multirole fighter developed by the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, and Spain and built through Airbus, BAE Systems, and Leonardo workshares. Cataloged conflict use spans RAF no-fly-zone, reconnaissance, and strike missions over Libya, coalition strike and ISR missions against the Islamic State, Red Sea strikes on Houthi military targets, and Royal Saudi Air Force combat missions in Yemen.
Panavia Tornado, Twin-engine variable-sweep wing multirole strike aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs1990 Gulf War, 1999 Kosovo War / Operation Allied Force +6 morePanavia TornadoTwin-engine variable-sweep wing multirole strike aircraftBuilt: BAE Systems / Airbus Defence and Space / Leonardo / Germany / United Kingdom / ItalyThe Panavia Tornado is a UK-German-Italian variable-sweep combat aircraft family developed for low-level strike, interdiction, reconnaissance, electronic-combat, and air-defense roles. Tornado variants saw direct combat use from the 1990 Gulf War through Kosovo, Iraq, Libya, Afghanistan, the anti-Daesh campaign, the 2018 Syria strikes, and Saudi-led coalition operations in Yemen.
F-15S strike aircraft, Two-seat multirole strike aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Yemen Civil WarF-15S strike aircraftTwo-seat multirole strike aircraftBuilt: McDonnell Douglas / Boeing / United StatesThe F-15S is Saudi Arabia's export strike version of the F-15E Strike Eagle, built for two-crew, long-range air-to-ground attack while retaining fighter performance. In the 2014 Yemen Civil War record, it represents the Royal Saudi Air Force's F-15 strike component in the Saudi-led coalition air campaign, with open reporting documenting an F-15S operating over Yemen and being targeted by Houthi-aligned air defenses.
Su-24, Variable-geometry tactical bomber and strike aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs2020 United States-Iran Conflict, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +6 moreSu-24Variable-geometry tactical bomber and strike aircraftBuilt: Sukhoi / Soviet Union / RussiaThe Su-24, NATO reporting name Fencer, is a Soviet-designed twin-engine variable-geometry tactical bomber built by Sukhoi for long-range all-weather strike and reconnaissance missions. The type has appeared across Soviet, Russian, Ukrainian, Syrian, Libyan, Iranian, and Sudanese service, with Ukrainian Su-24M/MR aircraft adapted to launch Storm Shadow and SCALP-EG cruise missiles during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
Air Defense

Category

Systems that contest aircraft, missiles, helicopters, and drones.

8/8
ZPU-4 anti-aircraft gun, 14.5 mm quadruple towed anti-aircraft gun, Air Defense1955 Vietnam War, 1990 Gulf War +5 moreZPU-4 anti-aircraft gun14.5 mm quadruple towed anti-aircraft gunBuilt: V. A. Degtyarev Plant (ZiD) / Various manufacturers / Soviet Union / Russia / China / Romania / North KoreaThe ZPU-4 is a Soviet quadruple 14.5 mm anti-aircraft gun built around four KPV/KPVT heavy machine guns on a four-wheel carriage. Museum, monitoring, and open-source records connect the Cold War gun to Vietnam War helicopter defense, Iraqi air defense, Libyan and Syrian pickup-mounted fire support, SPLA-N-held anti-aircraft positions in Sudan, and anti-Houthi Giants Brigades forces in Yemen.
PAC-3, Hit-to-kill Patriot interceptor missile, Air Defense2003 Iraq War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +3 morePAC-3Hit-to-kill Patriot interceptor missileBuilt: Lockheed Martin / United StatesPAC-3 is the hit-to-kill interceptor family for Patriot air-defense batteries, using active radar homing and direct-impact defeat against tactical ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, aircraft, and other high-value air threats. PAC-3 CRI gives Patriot launchers a dense 16-round loadout, while PAC-3 MSE uses a larger dual-pulse motor and control changes for greater defended battlespace; documented combat and transfer contexts include Iraq in 2003, Yemen, Ukraine, and U.S.-Qatari Patriot defense during the June 2025 Iran missile attack on Al Udeid.
MIM-104 Patriot, Long-range surface-to-air and ballistic missile defense system, Air Defense2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2020 United States-Iran Conflict +5 moreMIM-104 PatriotLong-range surface-to-air and ballistic missile defense systemBuilt: Raytheon / Lockheed Martin / United StatesThe MIM-104 Patriot is a U.S.-origin, truck-mobile air and missile defense system built around phased-array radar, command-and-control vehicles, launchers, power generation, antenna masts, support vehicles, and PAC-2 or PAC-3 interceptor families. Developed from the 1960s SAM-D program, it evolved from aircraft defense into a high-value air and missile defense layer used in Desert Storm, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Yemen, Ukraine, Gulf base defense, and reported 2026 Iran-war drone defense over Bahrain.
MIM-23 HAWK, Medium-range surface-to-air missile system, Air Defense2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +4 moreMIM-23 HAWKMedium-range surface-to-air missile systemBuilt: Raytheon / United StatesThe MIM-23 HAWK is a U.S.-origin medium-range surface-to-air missile system built around acquisition radars, target illumination, and semi-active radar-homing missiles. Developed for mobile low- to medium-altitude air defense and repeatedly upgraded after its 1960 fielding, HAWK has a documented combat record from Israeli and Kuwaiti use to Turkish deployments and donated Ukrainian air-defense fire units.
MIM-104E Patriot PAC-2 GEM/T, Patriot PAC-2 guidance-enhanced interceptor missile, Air Defense2003 Iraq War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +1 moreMIM-104E Patriot PAC-2 GEM/TPatriot PAC-2 guidance-enhanced interceptor missileBuilt: Raytheon / United StatesThe MIM-104E Patriot PAC-2 GEM/T is the Guidance Enhanced Missile-Tactical interceptor in the Patriot PAC-2 family. It keeps the larger PAC-2 blast-fragmentation form factor while adding seeker and fuze improvements for tactical ballistic missile threats, and open sources tie GEM-T to Operation Iraqi Freedom, Saudi Patriot defenses in Yemen, and Ukrainian Patriot batteries in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
Pantsir-S1, Self-propelled short-range surface-to-air missile and anti-aircraft gun system, Air Defense2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +3 morePantsir-S1Self-propelled short-range surface-to-air missile and anti-aircraft gun systemBuilt: KBP Instrument Design Bureau / RussiaThe Pantsir-S1 is a Russian mobile point-defense system that combines 57E6-family command-guided surface-to-air missiles, twin 30 mm 2A38M automatic cannon, target-acquisition radar, engagement radar, and electro-optical fire control on a wheeled combat vehicle. It is designed to protect military units, air-defense sites, infrastructure, and longer-range air-defense formations against aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles, precision weapons, and UAVs, with documented or reported conflict relevance in Ukraine, Syria, Libya, Yemen, and Sudan.
Crotale, Short-range surface-to-air missile system, Air Defense2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Yemen Civil War +1 moreCrotaleShort-range surface-to-air missile systemBuilt: Thales Group / FranceCrotale is a French short-range surface-to-air missile family built around radar and electro-optical target tracking for point defense of forces, bases, ships, and strategic sites. The family spans the original R440 Crotale, export derivatives such as Shahine and Cactus, and the Crotale NG/Crotale Mk3 line using VT-1-family interceptors. France supplied Crotale NG systems to Ukraine during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, while Shahine and Cactus variants give the system a longer conflict record in Saudi and South African service.
ZPU-2, Twin 14.5 mm towed anti-aircraft gun, Air Defense1990 Gulf War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +1 moreZPU-2Twin 14.5 mm towed anti-aircraft gunBuilt: V. A. Degtyarev Plant (ZiD) / Licensed Chinese and Polish production / Soviet Union / China / PolandThe ZPU-2 is a Soviet twin 14.5 mm anti-aircraft gun built around two KPV heavy machine guns on a two-wheel carriage. Captured Iraqi examples, Yemeni truck mounts, and Ukraine's Czech-supplied MR-2 Viktor systems show how the Cold War gun shifted from low-altitude air defense into mobile direct-fire and counter-UAV work.
Armored Vehicles

Category

Troop carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, and protected mobility.

31/31
Panhard M3 armored personnel carrier, 4x4 amphibious armored personnel carrier, Armored Vehicles2014 Yemen Civil WarPanhard M3 armored personnel carrier4x4 amphibious armored personnel carrierBuilt: Panhard / FranceThe Panhard M3 is a French 4x4 amphibious armored personnel carrier developed as an export troop carrier around the Panhard AML armored-car family. The design shared most AML automotive components but moved the powerpack behind the driver to free a rear troop compartment for two crew and up to ten infantry. In 2014 Yemen Civil War sourcing it appears as a legacy Yemeni Army M3 VTT inventory type rather than a newly supplied or incident-specific system, so the conflict row stays limited to protected troop-movement context where serviceable vehicles remained available.
Al-Jawad armored vehicle, 4x4 armored personnel carrier / internal security vehicle, Armored Vehicles2014 Yemen Civil WarAl-Jawad armored vehicle4x4 armored personnel carrier / internal security vehicleBuilt: Jordan Light Vehicle Manufacturing / King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau / JordanThe Al-Jawad is a Jordanian 4x4 armored personnel carrier and internal-security vehicle developed by KADDB/JLVM with Jankel input around commercial heavy-duty chassis. In the 2014 Yemen Civil War context, open-source evidence identifies it in the Yemeni Army's pre-war infantry mobility inventory rather than as a newly supplied coalition vehicle.
Qutaish-2 armored vehicle, 4x4 armored protected vehicle, Armored Vehicles2014 Yemen Civil WarQutaish-2 armored vehicle4x4 armored protected vehicleBuilt: Yemeni Armed Forces Military Industrialization Authority / YemenThe Qutaish-2 is a Yemeni 4x4 armored protected vehicle from the country’s military-industries effort, built with South African-supported component production and assembly in Yemen. Al Bayan reported in 2010 that Yemen had moved from the Qutaish-1 line into Qutaish-2 production, while DefenceWeb later described a 250-vehicle Qutaish-2 (Leopard) contract delivered across 2009-2014, making it one of Yemen’s clearest locally assembled armored vehicle programs.
Al-Shibl 2 armored vehicle, 4x4 light armored personnel carrier, Armored Vehicles2014 Yemen Civil WarAl-Shibl 2 armored vehicle4x4 light armored personnel carrierBuilt: Armored Vehicles & Heavy Equipment Factory (AVF) / Saudi ArabiaThe Al-Shibl 2 is a Saudi-built 4x4 light armored personnel carrier developed by Armored Vehicles & Heavy Equipment Factory on a Toyota Land Cruiser chassis. Its longer wheelbase distinguishes it from the Al-Shibl 1 by adding a two-person crew and troop compartment, while steel armor, run-flat tires, firing ports, and roof weapon-mount options make it a compact protected-mobility vehicle for personnel transport, scouting, border patrol, and convoy support roles.
Oshkosh M-ATV, 4x4 mine-resistant ambush protected vehicle, Armored Vehicles2001 War in Afghanistan, 2014 War Against the Islamic State +2 moreOshkosh M-ATV4x4 mine-resistant ambush protected vehicleBuilt: Oshkosh Defense / United StatesThe Oshkosh M-ATV is a U.S.-built 4x4 MRAP developed to give troops mine and ambush protection with better off-road mobility than heavier first-generation MRAPs. Oshkosh paired a V-hull protected capsule, blast-attenuating seats, and TAK-4 independent suspension with mission modules ranging from command and utility bodies to armed assault configurations. The vehicle's documented conflict record spans early U.S. fielding in Afghanistan, coalition use in Iraq and Syria under Operation Inherent Resolve, Ukrainian wartime service, and Saudi-led coalition employment in Yemen.
Cougar 4x4 MRAP, 4x4 mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicle, Armored Vehicles2003 Iraq War, 2001 War in Afghanistan +2 moreCougar 4x4 MRAP4x4 mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicleBuilt: Force Protection Industries / General Dynamics / United StatesThe Cougar 4x4 MRAP is a U.S.-built protected mobility vehicle developed by Force Protection for patrol, convoy, command, route-security, and troop-transport missions against mine and improvised-explosive-device threats. The record distinguishes direct U.S. use in Iraq and Afghanistan from later transfer or inventory evidence in Yemen and Ukraine, where public sources support presence or supply more clearly than detailed tactical employment.
NIMR AJBAN, 4x4 protected light tactical vehicle, Armored Vehicles2014 Second Libyan Civil War, 2014 Yemen Civil War +1 moreNIMR AJBAN4x4 protected light tactical vehicleBuilt: NIMR Automotive / United Arab EmiratesThe NIMR AJBAN is a UAE-built 4x4 protected tactical vehicle family used for patrol, escort, reconnaissance, logistics, and armoured personnel-carrier roles. Open-source evidence ties the family to LNA equipment captured during the 2020 Tarhuna collapse in Libya, UAE-backed ground operations in Yemen, and RSF-operated vehicles documented in Sudan with French-designed Galix defensive systems.
Alvis Saladin, 6x6 armored reconnaissance car, Armored Vehicles2014 Yemen Civil War, 1983 Sri Lankan Civil WarAlvis Saladin6x6 armored reconnaissance carBuilt: Alvis / United KingdomThe Alvis Saladin is a British FV601 6x6 armored reconnaissance car developed from a postwar British Army requirement and produced at Coventry from 1958 to 1972. Its production Mk 2 form combined a three-person turreted layout, a 76 mm L5A1 low-pressure gun, welded steel protection, and road mobility suited to reconnaissance, convoy escort, internal-security, and light direct-fire roles. Yemen evidence remains inventory-level: Oryx lists the Saladin in pre-war Yemeni Army armored-fighting-vehicle stocks available to parties after the 2014-2015 takeover, so this entry does not claim a specific Saladin engagement in that war.
BMR-600 Pegaso, 6x6 wheeled armored personnel carrier, Armored Vehicles2001 War in Afghanistan, 2003 Iraq War +2 moreBMR-600 Pegaso6x6 wheeled armored personnel carrierBuilt: General Dynamics Santa Barbara Sistemas / SpainThe BMR-600 Pegaso is a Spanish 6x6 armored personnel carrier family developed from the ENASA-Pegaso program and later supported through Santa Barbara and General Dynamics Santa Barbara Sistemas. It gives the catalog a Spanish wheeled-armor reference point: a troop carrier with amphibious capability, mortar, command, ambulance, recovery, anti-tank, and reconnaissance derivatives, and direct conflict evidence from Spanish deployments in Afghanistan and Iraq, Spanish-supplied variants in Ukraine, and Saudi-led coalition use and losses in Yemen.
BTR-152M armored personnel carrier, 6x6 wheeled armored personnel carrier, Armored Vehicles2014 Yemen Civil WarBTR-152M armored personnel carrier6x6 wheeled armored personnel carrierBuilt: Zavod imeni Stalina / Zavod imeni Likhacheva / BAZ / Soviet UnionThe BTR-152M armored personnel carrier is a Yemeni-service listing within the Soviet BTR-152 6x6 APC family, retained from older Yemeni Army stocks and documented during the 2014 Yemen Civil War. Public evidence supports a conservative role: legacy protected mobility where serviceable vehicles remained available, plus broader BTR-152-family use as a base for improvised AK-630 or GSh-6-30K naval-gun installations by Yemeni government forces.
BTR-60, 8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrier, Armored Vehicles1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +3 moreBTR-608x8 amphibious armored personnel carrierBuilt: Gorky Automobile Plant / Soviet UnionThe BTR-60 is a Soviet eight-wheeled amphibious armored personnel carrier that introduced the long-running BTR 8x8 layout later followed by the BTR-70 and BTR-80. Its BTR-60PB turreted model gave motorized troops a 14.5 mm KPVT/7.62 mm PKT armament fit, but retained thin armor and top-hatch dismounting that drove later redesigns and modernization programs.
Patria AMV, 8x8 modular wheeled armored personnel carrier / infantry fighting vehicle family, Armored Vehicles2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Yemen Civil WarPatria AMV8x8 modular wheeled armored personnel carrier / infantry fighting vehicle familyBuilt: Patria / FinlandPatria AMV is Finland's modular 8x8 armored wheeled vehicle family, developed by Patria for troop transport, infantry fighting, command, ambulance, reconnaissance, fire-support, anti-tank, repair, and mortar-carrier roles. The family includes the current AMV XP branch, AMOS mortar-carrier integration, licensed derivatives such as Poland's KTO Rosomak supplied to Ukraine, and UAE variants documented in Yemen with remote weapon stations and BMP-3-derived turret fits.
BRDM-2, Amphibious armored scout car, Armored Vehicles2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict +1 moreBRDM-2Amphibious armored scout carBuilt: Gorky Automobile Plant / Arzamas Machine-Building Plant / Soviet UnionThe BRDM-2 is a Soviet amphibious armored scout car built for reconnaissance, patrol, liaison, and specialist battlefield-support tasks. Its family includes radiological and chemical reconnaissance versions such as BRDM-2RKh and BRDM-2RKhb, which add contamination-detection and marking equipment to the scout-car chassis. Oryx loss records keep both base and chemical reconnaissance variants visible in the Russia-Ukraine War, while older export fleets appear in Nagorno-Karabakh, Yemen, and other post-Soviet or Soviet-supplied conflicts despite the vehicle's light armor.
M113, Armored personnel carrier, Armored Vehicles1955 Vietnam War, 1990 Gulf War +6 moreM113Armored personnel carrierBuilt: FMC / BAE Systems / United StatesA lightweight tracked armored personnel carrier that became a long-lived family of troop, command, mortar, medical, missile, and field-conversion vehicles. Its use spans Vietnam-era ACAV combat adaptations, Desert Storm coalition service, U.S. and partner-supplied Ukrainian evacuation and mobility vehicles, Israeli remote explosive conversions in Gaza, Egyptian M113s under IED threat in Sinai, Yemen service, and captured Iraqi Army vehicles used by Islamic State.
BTR-60 with AML-90 turret, Improvised 8x8 armored fighting vehicle / fire-support conversion, Armored Vehicles2014 Yemen Civil WarBTR-60 with AML-90 turretImprovised 8x8 armored fighting vehicle / fire-support conversionBuilt: Unknown / Gorky Automobile Plant / Panhard / Yemen / Soviet Union / FranceThe BTR-60 with AML-90 turret is a Yemeni field conversion that combines a Soviet BTR-60PB armored personnel carrier hull with the 90 mm gun turret from a French Panhard AML-90 armored car. The hybrid traded the base APC's machine-gun turret for a much heavier direct-fire weapon, reflecting Yemen's improvised use of aging armored stocks during the civil war.
Jalal 3 armored vehicle, Light 4x4 armored personnel carrier, Armored Vehicles2014 Yemen Civil WarJalal 3 armored vehicleLight 4x4 armored personnel carrierBuilt: Yemeni defense industry / YemenThe Jalal 3 is a Yemeni-built 4x4 armored personnel carrier associated with Hassan Farhan bin Jalal al-Obaidi and Yemen's military-industrial workshops. Public sources describe a commercial-vehicle-derived troop carrier for urban and rural mobility with light turret options and 7.62 mm small-arms protection; conflict-period evidence is limited to Yemeni deployment reporting and later open-source imagery captions.
HMMWV, Light tactical wheeled vehicle, Armored Vehicles2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2001 War in Afghanistan +4 moreHMMWVLight tactical wheeled vehicleBuilt: AM General / United StatesThe High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle, better known as the HMMWV or Humvee, is an AM General 4x4 light tactical vehicle family used for troop movement, command, ambulance, cargo, air-defense, and weapons-carrier roles. Its conflict record spans coalition service in Afghanistan and Iraq, Yemeni M1097A2 stocks, and large-scale U.S. assistance to Ukraine, including up-armored HMMWV-UA/UAH designations.
REVA armored vehicle, Mine-resistant ambush-protected armored personnel carrier, Armored Vehicles2003 Iraq War, 2009 Boko Haram Insurgency +2 moreREVA armored vehicleMine-resistant ambush-protected armored personnel carrierBuilt: Integrated Convoy Protection / South AfricaThe REVA is a South African mine-resistant armored vehicle family from Integrated Convoy Protection, built around a V-shaped armored hull for troop transport, protected mobility, and utility roles. The family spans the earlier REVA III 4x4 APC, newer REVA V and VI designs, and the UAE-linked Kasser II derivative, while conflict reporting documents REVA vehicles in Iraq, Nigerian counter-insurgency operations, and UAE-backed local-force operations in Yemen.
BAE Caiman MRAP, Mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicle, Armored Vehicles2009 Boko Haram Insurgency, 2014 Yemen Civil WarBAE Caiman MRAPMine-resistant ambush-protected vehicleBuilt: BAE Systems / United StatesThe BAE Caiman is an FMTV-derived mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicle family built around a V-hull armored capsule, protected troop transport, and optional roof weapon stations. U.S. Excess Defense Articles transfers put Caiman vehicles into Nigerian counter-Boko Haram service, while a separate UAE MRAP acquisition and open-source Yemen investigations connect Caimans to UAE-backed southern forces during the 2014 Yemen Civil War.
BMP-2, Tracked amphibious infantry fighting vehicle, Armored Vehicles1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +3 moreBMP-2Tracked amphibious infantry fighting vehicleBuilt: Kurganmashzavod / Soviet Union / RussiaThe BMP-2 is a Soviet tracked infantry fighting vehicle that replaced the BMP-1's low-velocity gun with a stabilized 30 mm 2A42 autocannon while retaining an anti-tank missile launcher and amphibious mobility. Its troop carriage, direct-fire, and ATGM roles were documented in Afghanistan and remain visible in post-Soviet and export armored units, with later documented use in Ukraine, Syria, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Yemen.
BMP-3, Tracked amphibious infantry fighting vehicle, Armored Vehicles2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +1 moreBMP-3Tracked amphibious infantry fighting vehicleBuilt: Kurganmashzavod / RussiaThe BMP-3 is a Soviet-designed, Russian-built tracked amphibious infantry fighting vehicle that combines a 100 mm gun-launcher, 30 mm autocannon, and machine guns in a light armored troop carrier. It has appeared in Russian mechanized formations, Ukrainian captured-vehicle use, Azerbaijani service in Nagorno-Karabakh, and UAE coalition operations in Yemen, while Russia's Ukraine-war production batches have added extra mine and drone protection to address battlefield losses.
BRM-1K, Tracked armored reconnaissance vehicle, Armored Vehicles2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 2014 Yemen Civil War +1 moreBRM-1KTracked armored reconnaissance vehicleBuilt: Kurganmashzavod / Soviet UnionThe BRM-1K is a Soviet tracked armored reconnaissance vehicle derived from the BMP-1 chassis, combining amphibious mobility with battlefield surveillance equipment and a 73 mm 2A28 cannon. Russia later modernized the type as the BRM-1KM/BRM-1K Model 2021 with a BTR-82A-style combat compartment, 30 mm 2A72 armament, updated communications, and newer reconnaissance equipment; both legacy and modernized vehicles are visually documented in post-Soviet conflicts.
M2 Bradley, Tracked infantry fighting vehicle, Armored Vehicles2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Yemen Civil War +1 moreM2 BradleyTracked infantry fighting vehicleBuilt: BAE Systems / United Defense / FMC / United StatesThe M2 Bradley is a tracked U.S. infantry fighting vehicle built around a 25 mm M242 chain gun, TOW launcher, coaxial machine gun, and protected infantry lift. Its M2A2 ODS and ODS-SA lines shaped the Ukraine-supplied fleet, while the M2A3/Bradley A3 digitized branch added improved sights, networked displays, inertial navigation, and armor provisions for U.S. armored formations and coalition force-protection missions.
BTR-40M armored personnel carrier, Wheeled armored personnel carrier, Armored Vehicles2014 Yemen Civil WarBTR-40M armored personnel carrierWheeled armored personnel carrierBuilt: Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ) / Soviet UnionThe BTR-40M is a Yemeni-listed BTR-40-family armored personnel carrier, traced here to the Soviet GAZ-built 4x4 BTR-40 line rather than to a clearly defined factory variant. In the 2014 Yemen Civil War record it appears as legacy Yemeni Army armor: useful for light protected mobility and local transport, but documented in open sources with limited detail on modification standard, armament, units, or engagements.
BTR-70, Wheeled armored personnel carrier, Armored Vehicles1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +2 moreBTR-70Wheeled armored personnel carrierBuilt: Gorky Automobile Plant / Arzamas Machine-Building Plant / Soviet Union / RussiaThe BTR-70 is a Soviet 8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrier developed from the BTR-60PB family to move motor-rifle troops under armor while retaining the KPVT/PKT turret armament. Afghan-war experience exposed both its practical value and its limits, including side-exit and protection improvements over the BTR-60PB, before later Soviet production shifted toward the diesel-powered BTR-80.
Ratel BAU-23x2, Wheeled armored vehicle with BAU-23x2 twin-23 mm weapon station, Armored Vehicles2014 Yemen Civil War, 2017 Cabo Delgado InsurgencyRatel BAU-23x2Wheeled armored vehicle with BAU-23x2 twin-23 mm weapon stationBuilt: Sandock-Austral / Reumech OMC / Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau / King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau / South Africa / Ukraine / JordanThe Ratel BAU-23x2 combines the South African Ratel 6x6 armored vehicle with a Ukrainian BAU-23x2 weapon station carrying twin 23 mm autocannon. Jordanian-modified Ratels were photographed and cataloged in Yemen, while Rwandan Ratels with the same weapon station were reported in Cabo Delgado counterinsurgency operations.
Artillery

Category

Tube artillery, rocket artillery, and long-range ground fires.

18/18
MO-120 RT, 120 mm rifled towed heavy mortar, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2012 Mali War +3 moreMO-120 RT120 mm rifled towed heavy mortarBuilt: Brandt / TDA Armements / Thales / General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems / MKE, Sarsilmaz, Kalekalip / France / United States / TurkeyThe MO-120 RT is a French 120 mm rifled towed heavy mortar developed by Brandt and later associated with TDA/Thales production. Its rifled barrel, two-wheel carriage, and rocket-assisted ammunition option give it longer range than many smoothbore infantry mortars, while keeping the system towable by light or medium vehicles. The family also appears through derivatives such as the U.S. Marine Corps M327 EFSS and Turkey's HY-12, giving the page conflict evidence from Ukraine, Mali, Afghanistan, Yemen, and Colombia.
120-PM-38, 120 mm towed heavy mortar, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Yemen Civil War120-PM-38120 mm towed heavy mortarBuilt: Plant No. 92 Nizhny Novgorod / Soviet UnionThe 120-PM-38, also known as the M1938, is a Soviet 120 mm smoothbore heavy mortar designed under B. I. Shavyrin and built for infantry fire support. Its large bomb, two-wheel transport arrangement, and roughly 5.7 km range made it a durable regimental mortar design; OSCE monitoring documented PM-38 mortars in Donbas heavy-weapons holding and storage records during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, while Oryx listed M-1938 heavy mortars in Yemen's pre-war army inventory.
M933-series mortar projectile, 120mm high-explosive mortar cartridge, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Yemen Civil War +1 moreM933-series mortar projectile120mm high-explosive mortar cartridgeBuilt: General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems / Day & Zimmermann / United States / CanadaThe M933-series mortar projectile is a U.S. 120 mm high-explosive mortar cartridge family centered on the M933A1, a Comp B-filled round for M120/M121 mortar systems using the M783 point-detonating/delay fuze. Public records document production by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems and Day & Zimmermann, Ukrainian battlefield use, and U.S. transfer notifications for Israel and Saudi Arabia.
A-19 122 mm field gun, 122 mm towed corps gun, ArtillerySecond World War, 2014 Yemen Civil War +1 moreA-19 122 mm field gun122 mm towed corps gunBuilt: Barrikady / No. 172 Plant / Soviet UnionThe A-19 is a Soviet 122 mm towed corps gun developed for long-range artillery fire, combining a high-velocity barrel, separate-loading ammunition, and an approximately 20 km range. This entry tracks direct Soviet Second World War service along with conservative modern conflict evidence: pre-war Yemeni Army inventory available to Yemen battlefield parties and a photo/video-evidenced YPG/SDF A-19 in northern Syria.
D-30 122 mm howitzer, 122 mm towed howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2001 War in Afghanistan +9 moreD-30 122 mm howitzer122 mm towed howitzerBuilt: Artillery Plant No. 9 / Soviet Union / RussiaThe D-30, also known as the 2A18, M1963, or Frog, is a Soviet 122 mm towed howitzer designed by OKB-9 under F. F. Petrov and built at Plant No. 9 in Yekaterinburg. Its three-trail carriage gives 360-degree traverse, and official U.S. Army support material describes the gun as still manufactured internationally and fielded by more than 60 countries' armed forces.
2S1 Gvozdika, 122 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer, Artillery1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 1990 Gulf War +7 more2S1 Gvozdika122 mm tracked self-propelled howitzerBuilt: Kharkiv Tractor Plant / Plant No. 9 / Soviet UnionThe 2S1 Gvozdika is a Soviet 122 mm tracked self-propelled howitzer built around the 2A31 gun on an amphibious armored chassis derived from the MT-LB family. In the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War it remains a common short-to-medium-range artillery system for both Russian and Ukrainian forces, combining mobility, indirect fire, and widespread 122 mm ammunition compatibility.
D-20, 152 mm towed gun-howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict +2 moreD-20152 mm towed gun-howitzerBuilt: No. 9 Uralmash Plant / Soviet Union / China / RomaniaThe D-20 is a Soviet 152 mm towed gun-howitzer developed under F. F. Petrov's Plant No. 9 design bureau for divisional and army-level fire support. Its split-trail carriage, 34-caliber ordnance, double-baffle muzzle brake, and 17.4 km standard range kept it useful across Soviet, Warsaw Pact, Chinese Type 66, Romanian, and export inventories, with documented modern use in Ukraine, Nagorno-Karabakh, Yemen, and Iraq.
G5 155 mm howitzer, 155 mm towed gun-howitzer, Artillery1966 South African Border War, 1980 Iran-Iraq War +2 moreG5 155 mm howitzer155 mm towed gun-howitzerBuilt: Denel Land Systems / South AfricaThe G5 155 mm howitzer is a South African towed gun-howitzer developed from the GC-45 long-range artillery lineage for mobile indirect fire. Lyttelton Engineering Works designed the system and Denel Land Systems became the normalized manufacturer, with sources documenting South African Border War service, Iraqi G5 use in the Iran-Iraq War and Gulf War, and UAE G5 deployment to Yemen.
FH70 155 mm howitzer, 155 mm towed howitzer, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Yemen Civil WarFH70 155 mm howitzer155 mm towed howitzerBuilt: VSEL / Rheinmetall / OTO Melara / United Kingdom / Germany / ItalyThe FH70 is a jointly developed British-West German-Italian 155 mm L/39 towed howitzer with an auxiliary power unit for limited self-movement. Ukrainian service made it a documented NATO-standard tube-artillery option alongside M777 and CAESAR systems, while Yemen reporting separately places Saudi FH70s among border artillery used during the war.
G6 Rhino 155 mm self-propelled howitzer, 155 mm wheeled self-propelled gun-howitzer, Artillery1966 South African Border War, 2014 Yemen Civil WarG6 Rhino 155 mm self-propelled howitzer155 mm wheeled self-propelled gun-howitzerBuilt: Denel Land Systems / South AfricaThe G6 Rhino is a South African 155 mm wheeled self-propelled gun-howitzer related to the G5 artillery family. Public sources identify Denel with the turret, OMC with the hull, and Lyttelton Engineering Works/Denel lineage with the system's development and production background, while conflict-use reporting places South African pre-production G6s in Angola in 1987 and UAE G6 howitzers in Yemen in 2015. Later G6-52 work paired the G6 concept with 52-caliber ordnance, automated ammunition handling, and longer-range V-LAP ammunition.
120 mm mortar launcher, Heavy mortar launcher, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Yemen Civil War +2 more120 mm mortar launcherHeavy mortar launcherBuilt: Various manufacturers / Multiple countriesA 120 mm mortar launcher is a heavy indirect-fire weapon class used to fire high-angle mortar bombs from a tube, baseplate, and bipod, a towed mount, or a vehicle system. This generic entry is for source-backed cases where public evidence identifies the caliber and mortar role but not a precise national model, including Ukrainian 120-mm mortar fire near Chasiv Yar, probable 120 mm mortar shelling in Yemen, Gaddafi-era use around Misratah, and a Nigerien seizure from Boko Haram fighters.
Mortar launcher, 82mm, Portable smoothbore mortar launcher, Artillery2009 Boko Haram Insurgency, 2012 Mali War +2 moreMortar launcher, 82mmPortable smoothbore mortar launcherBuilt: Various manufacturers / Burevestnik / Multiple countriesThis entry covers the 82 mm mortar-launcher caliber class rather than a single factory model, spanning Soviet-pattern BM/PM designs, later 2B14/2B24 systems, and national derivatives. Direct conflict-use sources tie 82 mm launcher or mortar-system evidence to Boko Haram/ISWAP materiel in the Lake Chad basin, rebel footage in Mali, Iraqi forces around Mosul, and Houthi fire-support reporting in Yemen.
K239 Chunmoo, Wheeled multiple rocket launcher system, Artillery2014 Yemen Civil WarK239 ChunmooWheeled multiple rocket launcher systemBuilt: Hanwha Aerospace / South Korea / PolandThe K239 Chunmoo is a South Korean 8x8 multiple rocket launcher system built by Hanwha Aerospace around modular launch pods for guided rockets and tactical missiles. Official Hanwha and Korea Defense Industry Association material describes CGR-080, CTM-MR, CTM-290, anti-ship ballistic missile, and training munitions for the same launcher family. Public evidence now ties the system to Saudi border-defense deployment during the Yemen war and to export configurations for Poland, Estonia, Norway, and Middle Eastern users.
Agrab 120 mm mortar system, Wheeled self-propelled 120 mm mortar carrier, Artillery2014 Yemen Civil WarAgrab 120 mm mortar systemWheeled self-propelled 120 mm mortar carrierBuilt: International Golden Group / ST Kinetics / BAE Systems / United Arab Emirates, Singapore, and South AfricaThe Agrab is a UAE-led mobile mortar system that combines ST Kinetics' 120 mm SRAMS mortar with the mine-protected RG-31 vehicle family. Open-source Yemen reporting places UAE Agrab mortar carriers in the war by 2015, while Amnesty International later documented the system among weapons used by UAE-allied militias around Hodeidah.
Infantry Weapons

Category

Portable weapons used by soldiers and small units.

10/10
PGW Timberwolf, .338 Lapua Magnum bolt-action sniper rifle, Infantry Weapons2014 Yemen Civil WarPGW Timberwolf.338 Lapua Magnum bolt-action sniper rifleBuilt: PGW Defence Technologies / CanadaThe PGW Timberwolf, known in Canadian service as the C14 Medium Range Sniper Weapon System, is a Canadian .338 Lapua Magnum bolt-action rifle built for long-range precision fire. Canada ordered the 8.6 mm system from PGW in 2005 to replace the C3A1, and later announced C21 replacement rifles in 2022. The Yemen conflict record centers on imagery-based reporting of Timberwolf rifles with Houthi-aligned forces and Yemeni government or proxy forces.
Heckler & Koch G36, 5.56 mm assault rifle, Infantry Weapons2006 Criminal Violence in Mexico, 2013 War in Iraq +1 moreHeckler & Koch G365.56 mm assault rifleBuilt: Heckler & Koch / Saudi Military Industries Corporation / Germany; Saudi Arabia under licenseThe Heckler & Koch G36 is a German 5.56 mm assault rifle built around a reinforced-polymer receiver, indirect gas operation, a rotating bolt head, folding stock, and modular rifle, carbine, compact, and export configurations. Its cataloged conflict record spans Mexican police firing during the 2014 Iguala operation, German support to Kurdish Peshmerga forces fighting Islamic State in Iraq, and Saudi-licensed rifles diverted from Hadi-aligned forces into militant hands in Yemen.
Steyr AUG rifle, 5.56 mm bullpup assault rifle family, Infantry WeaponsEast Timor, 1999-2013, 2001 War in Afghanistan +2 moreSteyr AUG rifle5.56 mm bullpup assault rifle familyBuilt: Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG / Steyr Arms GmbH / Thales Australia / Austria / AustraliaThe Steyr AUG is an Austrian-origin bullpup assault-rifle family built around a compact layout, quick-change barrels, rotary-bolt gas operation, and transparent synthetic magazines. Catalog evidence now follows both the Austrian AUG/StG 77 line and Australian F88/EF88 derivatives, with direct conflict documentation from East Timor peacekeeping, Afghanistan, Syrian opposition supply channels, and coalition-linked flows in Yemen.
Arsenal AR-M9 / AR-M9F, 5.56 x 45 mm Kalashnikov-pattern assault rifle, Infantry Weapons2014 Yemen Civil WarArsenal AR-M9 / AR-M9F5.56 x 45 mm Kalashnikov-pattern assault rifleBuilt: Arsenal JSCo / BulgariaThe Arsenal AR-M9 and folding-stock AR-M9F are Bulgarian 5.56 x 45 mm Kalashnikov-pattern assault rifles built by Arsenal JSCo for export and military users. Open-source arms researchers documented fixed-stock AR-M9 rifles with UAE-trained pro-government Yemeni resistance fighters at Al-Anad Air Base and an AR-M9F with a Sudanese coalition soldier in Yemen, placing the family inside Gulf-backed coalition equipment flows during the 2014 Yemen Civil War.
FN Minimi light machine gun, 5.56x45mm NATO light machine gun, Infantry Weapons2017 Battle of Marawi, 2014 War Against the Islamic State +2 moreFN Minimi light machine gun5.56x45mm NATO light machine gunBuilt: FN Herstal / FN America / Belgium / United StatesThe FN Minimi is a Belgian belt-fed light machine gun developed by Fabrique Nationale for squad automatic fire, with 5.56 mm NATO models widely fielded as national variants such as the U.S. M249, Canadian C9, and Australian F89. In the 2014 Yemen Civil War, Amnesty International reported Belgian Minimis deployed by The Giants Brigades, tying the weapon to UAE-backed coalition-aligned ground forces around the Hodeidah offensive.
Heckler & Koch G3, 7.62 mm select-fire battle rifle, Infantry Weapons2009 Boko Haram Insurgency, 2023 Sudan War +2 moreHeckler & Koch G37.62 mm select-fire battle rifleBuilt: Heckler & Koch / Various manufacturers / Germany; licensed production in multiple countries including Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Pakistan, Iran, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Greece, Mexico, Brazil, and MyanmarThe Heckler & Koch G3 is a roller-delayed 7.62 x 51 mm NATO battle rifle developed in West Germany from the CETME rifle family. Its long service life and licensed production have left G3-pattern rifles in multiple conflict arsenals, including documented Boko Haram small-arms holdings in the Lake Chad basin, RSF-linked evidence in Sudan, Saudi-linked G3 rifles reported in Yemen, and G3/BA64 rifles still circulating in Myanmar's post-2021 war.
DShK, 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, Infantry Weapons2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2023 Israel-Hamas War +11 moreDShK12.7 mm heavy machine gunBuilt: Tula Ordnance Factory / Soviet state arsenals / Soviet UnionThe DShK is a Soviet 12.7 mm heavy machine gun designed by Vasily Degtyaryov and refined with Georgy Shpagin's belt-feed system. Built for anti-aircraft, anti-vehicle, and infantry support roles, the DShK/DShKM family spans Vietnam War helicopter defense, Soviet-Afghan War ambushes, modern technicals, and Ukrainian mobile counter-UAV teams using vintage heavy machine guns against slow Russian drones.
Type 77 heavy machine gun, 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, Infantry Weapons2014 Yemen Civil War, 2012 M23 RebellionType 77 heavy machine gun12.7 mm heavy machine gunBuilt: Hunan Ordnance Zijiang Machinery / ChinaThe Type 77 is a Chinese 12.7x108 mm heavy machine gun developed as a lighter crew-served replacement for the Type 54/DShK. Its Type 85 successor kept the anti-aircraft and ground-support role with improved handling, and the catalog treats Yemen and M23 evidence as Type 77-family use when sources name Type 77, Type 85, or W85 variants rather than a single confirmed model.
Zastava M02 Coyote, 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, Infantry Weapons2009 Boko Haram Insurgency, 2011 Syrian Civil War +2 moreZastava M02 Coyote12.7 mm heavy machine gunBuilt: Zastava Arms / SerbiaThe Zastava M02 Coyote is a Serbian 12.7 mm heavy machine gun that adapts Zastava's licensed M87/NSV-pattern gun to a cradle and tripod for infantry fire support. Official Zastava material lists both 12.7x108 mm and 12.7x99 mm offerings, while conflict documentation places M02 Coyotes with Syrian opposition fighters, armed groups in the Sahel, seizure reporting linked to Boko Haram, and UAE-allied militias in Yemen.
KPV, 14.5 mm heavy machine gun, Infantry Weapons2009 Boko Haram Insurgency, 1990 Gulf War +3 moreKPV14.5 mm heavy machine gunBuilt: V. A. Degtyarev Plant (ZiD) / Soviet Union / RussiaThe KPV is a Soviet 14.5x114 mm heavy machine gun designed by Semyon Vladimirov and produced at the V. A. Degtyarev Plant. Its high-energy cartridge made it useful against light armor, field positions, small craft, and low-flying aircraft, so the family spread from the original infantry gun into KPVT vehicle guns, ZPU anti-aircraft mounts, and modern improvised or vehicle-mounted roles documented from Iraq and Yemen to the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
Munitions

Category

Standalone missiles, bombs, rockets, torpedoes, and guided or unguided explosive payloads.

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GBU-16 Paveway II, 1,000-pound laser-guided bomb, Munitions1990 Gulf War, 1991 Iraqi No-Fly-Zone Conflict +3 moreGBU-16 Paveway II1,000-pound laser-guided bombBuilt: Raytheon / Lockheed Martin / United StatesThe GBU-16 Paveway II is the 1,000-pound member of the U.S.-origin Paveway II laser-guided bomb family, combining a Mk 83 or BLU-110-class bomb body with seeker, control, and airfoil kit components. It requires reflected laser energy from a designator rather than autonomous target search, and its documented record spans U.S. Navy carrier aviation, allied operators, and Saudi/UAE-led coalition airstrikes investigated in Yemen.
GBU-31 JDAM (Mk 84 / BLU-109), 2,000-pound GPS/INS-guided bomb configuration, Munitions1999 Kosovo War / Operation Allied Force, 2001 War in Afghanistan +5 moreGBU-31 JDAM (Mk 84 / BLU-109)2,000-pound GPS/INS-guided bomb configurationBuilt: Boeing / United StatesThe GBU-31 JDAM is the 2,000-pound Joint Direct Attack Munition configuration built around Boeing's GPS/INS tail kit and either a Mk 84-class general-purpose bomb body or a BLU-109 hard-target penetrator body. U.S. military and Federal Register sources distinguish the KMU-556 Mk 84 configuration from the KMU-557 BLU-109 configuration, while direct conflict-use reporting traces GBU-31/JDAM employment from Kosovo and Afghanistan to Iraq, Yemen, Operation Inherent Resolve, the Israel-Hamas war, and the 2025 Israel-Iran conflict.
BLU-109 penetrator warhead, 2,000-pound hard-target penetrator warhead, Munitions2014 Yemen Civil War, 2023 Israel-Hamas War +2 moreBLU-109 penetrator warhead2,000-pound hard-target penetrator warheadBuilt: General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems / United StatesThe BLU-109 is a U.S.-origin 2,000-pound hard-target penetrator warhead built around a thick forged-steel bomb body for defeating reinforced structures and buried targets. It appears as the bomb body inside guided weapons such as GBU-24 Paveway III and GBU-31 JDAM configurations, with source-backed conflict context ranging from Saudi-led coalition stocks in Yemen to Israeli JDAM-linked use and transfers in Gaza, Lebanon, and the 2025 Israel-Iran fighting.
Mk 84 Mod 4 2,000-pound unguided bomb, 2,000-pound unguided general-purpose bomb, Munitions1955 Vietnam War, 1990 Gulf War +4 moreMk 84 Mod 4 2,000-pound unguided bomb2,000-pound unguided general-purpose bombBuilt: General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems / United StatesThe Mk 84 Mod 4 is a U.S. 2,000-pound Mark 80-series general-purpose bomb body, used as a heavy unguided air-delivered strike weapon and as the body for JDAM, Paveway, SPICE, and other guided configurations. Sources tie Mk 84-class bombs to U.S. air operations in Vietnam, Kosovo, Desert Storm, and Afghanistan, Saudi-led coalition airstrikes in Yemen, and Israeli heavy-bomb use in Gaza.
GBU-24 Paveway III, 2,000-pound-class laser-guided bomb, Munitions1990 Gulf War, 1999 Kosovo War / Operation Allied Force +3 moreGBU-24 Paveway III2,000-pound-class laser-guided bombBuilt: Raytheon / United StatesThe GBU-24 Paveway III is a U.S.-origin 2,000-pound-class laser-guided bomb family that combines a Paveway III guidance section and airfoil group with Mk 84, BLU-109, or related hard-target bomb bodies. Official and military-history sources document GBU-24 use in the Gulf War, Kosovo, Afghanistan, and the 2003 Iraq War, while Yemen rights-monitoring sources identify GBU-24 or Paveway III-series remnants from Saudi/UAE-led coalition airstrikes where fragmentary evidence can limit exact bomb-body identification.
Mk 82 fitted with a Paveway- or Lizard-series guidance kit, 500-pound guided-bomb configuration, Munitions2014 Yemen Civil WarMk 82 fitted with a Paveway- or Lizard-series guidance kit500-pound guided-bomb configurationBuilt: Raytheon / Lockheed Martin / Elbit Systems / United States / IsraelThis entry covers Mk 82-class 500-pound bombs fitted with Paveway II or Elbit Lizard-family guidance kits. Direct conflict evidence supports GBU-12 Paveway II/Mk 82 Paveway use in Yemen, while Lizard-3, Lizard-4, and Lizard-5 remain documented here as sourced guidance-kit configurations and compatibility relationships.
Mk 82 500-pound unguided bomb, Air-delivered 500-pound low-drag general-purpose bomb, Munitions1955 Vietnam War, 1990 Gulf War +5 moreMk 82 500-pound unguided bombAir-delivered 500-pound low-drag general-purpose bombBuilt: General Dynamics / United StatesThe Mk 82 is the U.S. Mark 80-series 500-pound low-drag general-purpose bomb. Developed in the 1950s to reduce drag, it has been documented from Vietnam and Desert Storm through NATO's Kosovo air campaign, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Yemen, Gaza, and Marawi, and it remains important as both a free-fall bomb and the body for guided derivatives such as GBU-12 and GBU-38 JDAM.
BL-755 cluster bomb, Air-dropped anti-armor cluster bomb, Munitions1982 Falklands War, 1990 Gulf War +2 moreBL-755 cluster bombAir-dropped anti-armor cluster bombBuilt: Hunting Engineering Ltd / United KingdomThe BL-755 is a British air-dropped anti-armor cluster bomb developed for very-low-level attacks against armored formations and built around a 600 lb dispenser carrying 147 bomblets. The family later included parachute-retarded bomblets and the radar-altimeter RBL755 variant, with direct conflict-use sourcing for British use in the Falklands, Gulf War and Kosovo, and Saudi-led coalition use in Yemen.
ALARM anti-radiation missile, Air-launched anti-radiation missile, Munitions1990 Gulf War, 1999 Kosovo War / Operation Allied Force +2 moreALARM anti-radiation missileAir-launched anti-radiation missileBuilt: BAe Dynamics / MBDA UK / United KingdomALARM is a British air-launched anti-radiation missile built for suppression of enemy air defenses, using pre-planned navigation, passive radar-emission sensing, and direct or parachute-loiter attack modes. RAF Tornados fired it in the 1990 Gulf War, Kosovo, and the 2003 Iraq War, while the Yemen record identifies later Royal Saudi Air Force use as a UK-supplied munition without proving a specific radar-kill engagement.
Storm Shadow, Air-launched cruise missile, Munitions2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2003 Iraq War +4 moreStorm ShadowAir-launched cruise missileBuilt: MBDA / United Kingdom / FranceStorm Shadow is the UK name for the Franco-British Storm Shadow/SCALP air-launched cruise missile, a low-observable deep-strike weapon built by MBDA for precision attacks on hardened or high-value fixed targets. RAF Tornado GR4s used Storm Shadow from the Iraq War through Libya and the April 2018 U.S., UK, and French strikes in the 2011 Syrian Civil War, UK-supplied missiles later gave Ukraine a longer-range conventional strike option from adapted Su-24 aircraft, UK parliamentary records document Saudi use in Yemen, and the UK-France 2025 defence declaration tied new SCALP and Storm Shadow acquisition to production-line upgrades.
Brimstone, Anti-tank guided missile, Munitions2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 War Against the Islamic State +3 moreBrimstoneAnti-tank guided missileBuilt: MBDA UK / United KingdomBrimstone is a British MBDA precision-guided anti-armor and strike missile family built around millimetric-wave radar guidance, with Dual Mode Brimstone and Brimstone 2 adding laser-guided and longer-range options for constrained target selection. Originally fielded from RAF aircraft, it has also been adapted into surface-launched configurations, including donated Ukrainian ground-launch use against Russian armor and formations.
AIM-120C-5 AMRAAM air-to-air missile, Beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile, Munitions2019 India-Pakistan Border Skirmishes, 2014 Yemen Civil WarAIM-120C-5 AMRAAM air-to-air missileBeyond-visual-range air-to-air missileBuilt: Raytheon / United StatesThe AIM-120C-5 AMRAAM is a U.S.-built beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile variant with active radar homing and the narrower C-series airframe. AMRAAM entered U.S. service in September 1991, SIPRI recorded a 2003 export deal for 106 AIM-120C-5 missiles, and Pakistan Air Force F-16s were reported firing the type in the 2019 border clash.
AIM-120C/D AMRAAM air-to-air missile, Beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile, Munitions2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Yemen Civil War +1 moreAIM-120C/D AMRAAM air-to-air missileBeyond-visual-range air-to-air missileBuilt: Raytheon / United StatesThe AIM-120C/D AMRAAM is the clipped-fin United States beyond-visual-range missile branch used from fighter aircraft and, without changing the missile, as the baseline interceptor in NASAMS. RTX describes AMRAAM as a dual-role air-to-air and surface-launch weapon; direct conflict sources document Ukrainian NASAMS AMRAAM support and later AIM-120C-8 wreckage reporting, Saudi AIM-120 use against Houthi drones, and AIM-120C-5 wreckage from the 2019 India-Pakistan air engagement.
Paveway IV guided bomb, Dual-mode precision-guided bomb, Munitions2014 War Against the Islamic State, 2023 Red Sea Crisis +1 morePaveway IV guided bombDual-mode precision-guided bombBuilt: Raytheon UK / United KingdomPaveway IV is a Raytheon UK 500-pound-class precision-guided bomb built around GPS-aided inertial navigation, laser guidance, and an electronic fuze. It became a core RAF air-to-ground weapon after entering UK service in 2008, moved from Harrier and Tornado carriage to Typhoon and F-35B integration, and is documented in RAF counter-ISIS strikes, UK-led Red Sea Crisis strikes on Houthi military sites, and Saudi-led coalition air operations in Yemen.
ZP-39 submunition, Dual-purpose improved conventional munition submunition, Munitions2011 Syrian Civil War, 2014 Yemen Civil WarZP-39 submunitionDual-purpose improved conventional munition submunitionBuilt: Unknown / UnknownThe ZP-39 is an unidentified dual-purpose improved conventional munition submunition associated with ground-fired cluster munitions and a red ribbon arming or stabilizing component. Human Rights Watch connected ZP-39 remnants to Islamic State attacks near Kobani in Syria and to an April 2015 Baqim incident in Yemen, while repeatedly noting that the producer, country of origin, and exact delivery system were not publicly known.
1,000-pound drop bomb, Free-fall bomb, Munitions1955 Vietnam War, 1990 Gulf War +4 more1,000-pound drop bombFree-fall bombBuilt: General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems / United StatesThe 1,000-pound drop bomb is a U.S. low-drag general-purpose bomb-body class represented by the Mk 83 and BLU-110 family. Air Force and Army references frame the Mk 83/BLU-110 as a 1,000-pound free-fall body that can accept fins, fuzes, laser/GPS guidance kits, or mine-kit hardware, while direct U.S., NATO, and Human Rights Watch evidence documents Mk 83 use from Vietnam and Desert Storm through Kosovo, Iraq, and Yemen.
Paveway laser-guided bomb, Laser-guided bomb guidance-kit family, Munitions1982 Falklands War, 1990 Gulf War +5 morePaveway laser-guided bombLaser-guided bomb guidance-kit familyBuilt: Raytheon / Lockheed Martin / Raytheon UK / United States / United KingdomPaveway is a U.S.-origin family of laser-guided bomb kits that turns conventional gravity bombs into precision air-to-surface weapons by adding a seeker, computer-control group, and airfoil surfaces. Raytheon traces production to 1968, while later Raytheon, Lockheed Martin, and Raytheon UK lines cover Paveway II, Paveway III, dual-mode Enhanced Paveway, Paveway IV, and Paveway II Plus kits documented in combat-use and transfer records from the Falklands and Gulf War through Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Ukraine, and Yemen.
PGM500 / Hakim 2, Rocket-assisted air-launched precision-guided bomb, Munitions2011 First Libyan Civil War, 2014 Yemen Civil WarPGM500 / Hakim 2Rocket-assisted air-launched precision-guided bombBuilt: GEC-Marconi Dynamics / MBDA / United Kingdom / United StatesThe PGM500 / Hakim 2 is the 500-pound, television-guided member of the Hakim family, a rocket-assisted air-launched precision weapon developed for the United Arab Emirates with interchangeable seeker options. CSIS and specialist reporting tie the PGM-500/Hakim family to UAE use in Libya and Saudi-led coalition strikes in Yemen, making it a documented Gulf-operated precision munition rather than only an export brochure weapon.
IRIS-T, Short-range air-to-air missile, Munitions2014 Yemen Civil WarIRIS-TShort-range air-to-air missileBuilt: Diehl Defence / GermanyIRIS-T is a short-range imaging-infrared air-to-air missile developed through a European cooperation program with Diehl Defence as prime contractor. The missile is integrated with fighters including Eurofighter/Typhoon, Gripen, F-16, Tornado, EF-18, KF-21, and F-5E; Reuters reporting also documents Saudi Eurofighters using IRIS-T against drones fired from Houthi-controlled Yemen. Diehl describes the same air-to-air missile hardware as the effector in the short-range IRIS-T SLS ground-based air-defense system.
Naval Systems

Category

Warships, submarines, unmanned surface vessels, naval craft, and maritime combat systems.

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Frankenthal class minehunter, Minehunter class, Naval Systems2001 Operation Active Endeavour, 2014 Yemen Civil WarFrankenthal class minehunterMinehunter classBuilt: Lürssen / Abeking & Rasmussen / Krögerwerft / GermanyThe Frankenthal class is the German Navy's Type/Class 332 minehunter family, built from a Hameln-derived common platform by Lürssen, Abeking & Rasmussen, and Krögerwerft. Bundeswehr data describe ten MJ332 boats with non-magnetic steel hulls, Seefuchs/SeaFox mine-disposal drones, mine rails, diver facilities, and MJ332B, MJ332C, and MJ332CL mission fits, while former German hulls also served the UAE as Al Murjan-class mine-countermeasure vessels.
Baynunah class, Multi-mission corvette, Naval Systems2014 Yemen Civil WarBaynunah classMulti-mission corvetteBuilt: Constructions Mécaniques de Normandie / France / United Arab EmiratesThe Baynunah class is a six-ship United Arab Emirates Navy corvette program that paired Constructions Mecaniques de Normandie design work with Abu Dhabi Ship Building construction and transfer-of-technology activity. The compact 71-metre ships combine patrol, surveillance, interdiction, helicopter operations, anti-surface missiles, and point air defense, and open reporting places Baynunah-class corvettes in Saudi-led coalition naval operations off Yemen.
Tanks

Category

Heavy armor built around direct fire, protection, and battlefield shock.

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T-34/85 Tank, Medium tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Yemen Civil WarT-34/85 TankMedium tankBuilt: Soviet state tank factories / Polish and Czechoslovak manufacturers / Soviet Union / Poland / CzechoslovakiaThe T-34/85 is the 85 mm-gun version of the Soviet T-34 medium tank, built in large numbers in the Soviet Union and later in Poland and Czechoslovakia. Its modern relevance comes from isolated post-Cold War survival rather than contemporary capability: sources document reactivated Yemeni tanks used as mobile direct-fire support and exceptional 2014 Russia-Ukraine War appearances involving recovered monument vehicles.
M60A1 Patton, Second-generation main battle tank, Tanks1973 Yom Kippur War, 1980 Iran-Iraq War +3 moreM60A1 PattonSecond-generation main battle tankBuilt: Detroit Tank Arsenal / United StatesThe M60A1 Patton is a U.S.-origin main battle tank built around the 105 mm M68 gun, a four-person crew, and a redesigned long turret with heavier protection than the original M60. Israeli Magach 6A tanks, Iranian M60A1s, and U.S. Marine Corps M60A1s give the type a documented combat record from the 1973 Yom Kippur War through the 1990 Gulf War, while exported vehicles such as Yemen's pre-war inventory kept it visible in later conflicts.