Conflict catalog

2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: Weapons and Equipment

Drones, loitering munitions, armor, air defense, and artillery in the South Caucasus.

This catalog covers the 2020 war and subsequent 2022-2024 crisis around Nagorno-Karabakh, a mountainous region in southwestern Azerbaijan that had been controlled by Armenian forces and the self-declared Artsakh authorities before Azerbaijan retook the area through the 2020 war and a September 2023 offensive.

This catalog focuses on systems documented in fighting between Armenian and Azerbaijani forces in and around Nagorno-Karabakh.

The conflict is especially relevant for comparing drones, loitering munitions, artillery, armor, and air defense in a compact battlespace.

112 weapon systems

Conflict Actors

Azerbaijan / Armenia / Artsakh

Azerbaijan

50 weapon systems in this catalog

Context

Status
Published catalog
Location
Nagorno-Karabakh and adjacent districts, South Caucasus
Countries
Azerbaijan, Armenia
Regions
Nagorno-Karabakh, Lachin corridor, Karabakh Range, South Caucasus
Domains
land, air, missile strikes, UAV, air defense, electronic warfare, border clashes

The catalog is shaped by a compact, mountainous battlespace where ground maneuver depended heavily on artillery, rockets, UAV reconnaissance, loitering munitions, air defenses, and electronic warfare. Current connected entries emphasize Azerbaijani UAV strike and surveillance, Soviet/Russian-origin tube and rocket artillery, armored vehicles, and Armenian missile systems. Source limits are important: tactical strike videos, loss claims, and control maps were often politicized, so individual weapon pages should rely on direct conflict-use sourcing rather than broad background claims.

Map

Nagorno-Karabakh and adjacent districts, South Caucasus

Open map

Map data from OpenStreetMap contributors.

Timeline

Key Events

  1. Full-scale war resumes

    Heavy fighting began along the line of contact after months of rising tensions, opening the 44-day war between Azerbaijani forces and Armenian/Artsakh forces.

    Sources: ICG Visual Explainer, CFR Global Conflict Tracker

  2. Russia-brokered ceasefire takes effect

    Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Russia announced a ceasefire, the return of several districts to Azerbaijan, and deployment of Russian peacekeepers along the line of contact and Lachin corridor.

    Sources: Trilateral Statement, CSIS Air and Missile War

  3. Lachin corridor crisis begins

    Azerbaijani activists and later Azerbaijani restrictions disrupted the Lachin corridor, the main road linking Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenia, creating a sustained access and humanitarian crisis.

    Sources: CFR Global Conflict Tracker, ACAPS Lachin Corridor Note

  4. Azerbaijan opens Lachin checkpoint

    Azerbaijan established a checkpoint on the Lachin road, saying it was needed to control military shipments, while Armenian and Karabakh Armenian leaders said it further isolated the enclave.

    Sources: CFR Global Conflict Tracker

  5. Azerbaijan launches new offensive

    Azerbaijan began what it called local anti-terrorist measures in Nagorno-Karabakh after months of blockade and failed negotiations.

    Sources: SCEEUS September Attack Report, CFR Global Conflict Tracker

  6. Karabakh Armenian forces accept ceasefire terms

    After roughly a day of fighting, local Armenian forces accepted a Russian-mediated ceasefire and disarmament process, and Azerbaijan said it had restored control over the region.

    Sources: SCEEUS September Attack Report, CFR Global Conflict Tracker

  7. Artsakh institutions dissolve

    The self-declared Republic of Artsakh's institutions were dissolved after the September 2023 offensive and the departure of most ethnic Armenians from the region.

    Sources: CFR Global Conflict Tracker, SCEEUS September Attack Report

Phases

Sep 27, 2020 - Nov 10, 2020

Forty-four-day war

Azerbaijani forces used ground maneuver, artillery, UAVs, loitering munitions, and missile strikes to retake territory in and around Nagorno-Karabakh before the Russia-brokered ceasefire.

Nov 10, 2020 - Sep 18, 2023

Peacekeeping and corridor crisis

Russian peacekeepers deployed under the ceasefire statement, but the Lachin corridor became the central pressure point as access from Armenia to Nagorno-Karabakh narrowed and then was blocked or controlled.

Sep 19, 2023 - Dec 31, 2023

September 2023 offensive

Azerbaijan's short offensive forced the disarmament of local Armenian forces and shifted the dispute from a battlefield front line to reintegration, security guarantees, and population flight.

Jan 1, 2024 - present

Post-Artsakh settlement period

After Artsakh institutions dissolved, the military catalog context shifted toward postwar border talks, Russian peacekeeper withdrawal, and documentation of equipment used in the earlier fighting.

External Support

External suppliers shaped both arsenals before the 2020 war. SIPRI identifies Russia as the largest major-arms supplier to both Armenia and Azerbaijan in 2011-2020, with Israel, Belarus, and Turkey also important suppliers to Azerbaijan; it notes Turkish Bayraktar TB2 deliveries shortly before the war and Israeli loitering munitions and UAVs in Azerbaijan's inventory. Russia also mediated the November 2020 ceasefire and deployed peacekeepers, while later reporting and research describe the limits of that mission during the Lachin crisis and the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive.

Images

Map of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war front lines and territorial changes.
Open-license map showing the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war and post-ceasefire territorial changes.Emreculha and Wikimedia Commons contributors | CC BY-SA 4.0Source: Emreculha and Wikimedia Commons contributors

Weapons

2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Weapon Systems

Category

Aircraft & UAVs

Crewed aircraft, drones, and loitering munitions.

8/19
Mi-24/Mi-35, Attack helicopter and armed assault transport, Aircraft & UAVsAircraft & UAVsMi-24/Mi-35Attack helicopter and armed assault transportSide: AzerbaijanRole: Rocket fire support near NuygerBuilt: Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant / Rostvertol / Soviet Union / RussiaThe Mi-24/Mi-35 Hind family combines an armored attack helicopter with a small troop compartment, letting operators use one airframe for close air support, anti-armor fires, armed escort, and limited assault transport. The Mi-35M branch is a Rostvertol-built modern combat-transport line, while older and upgraded Mi-24/Mi-35 aircraft remain documented in Ukraine, Syria, Mali, Iraq, Myanmar, and other conflicts.
Aeronautics Orbiter 1K, Class 1 loitering munition UAS, Aircraft & UAVsAircraft & UAVsAeronautics Orbiter 1KClass 1 loitering munition UASSide: AzerbaijanRole: Loitering munition strike and target attackBuilt: Aeronautics Group / Azad Systems / Israel / AzerbaijanThe Aeronautics Orbiter 1K is an Israeli electric loitering munition in the Orbiter family, now marketed by Aeronautics as the Orbiter 2 LM. It combines a mini-UAS launch and recovery footprint with EO/IR target search and a roughly 3 kg fragmentation warhead. Azerbaijan fielded Orbiter 1K systems and local derivative versions alongside other Israeli and Turkish unmanned weapons during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.
An-2 unmanned decoy / converted UCAV, Converted unmanned decoy aircraft / improvised UCAV, Aircraft & UAVsAircraft & UAVsAn-2 unmanned decoy / converted UCAVConverted unmanned decoy aircraft / improvised UCAVSide: AzerbaijanRole: Unmanned decoy and air-defense exposure aircraftBuilt: Antonov Design Bureau / Unknown / Soviet Union / Ukraine, Poland, China (base airframe production); Azerbaijan (reported conversion/operator context)The An-2 unmanned decoy / converted UCAV was Azerbaijan's improvised adaptation of the Soviet Antonov An-2 utility biplane for the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. Azerbaijani forces used converted An-2s as expendable unmanned aircraft to enter Armenian air-defense engagement zones, draw fire, and reveal radar or launcher positions for TB2s, Harop loitering munitions, air strikes, or artillery, while separate reporting described some conversions carrying explosive payloads or FAB-250 bombs.
Su-25, Ground-attack aircraft, Aircraft & UAVsAircraft & UAVsSu-25Ground-attack aircraftSide: AzerbaijanArmenia / ArtsakhRole: Tactical airstrikes and close air supportBuilt: Sukhoi / Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant / United Aircraft Corporation / Soviet Union / Russia / GeorgiaThe Su-25 is a Soviet-designed armored close air support aircraft built for low-level battlefield strike, rough-field operation, and heavy stores carriage. Developed by Sukhoi and produced in Soviet, Russian, and Georgian factories, the twin-engine subsonic jet combines a protected cockpit, internal 30 mm cannon, and multiple pylons for rockets, bombs, missiles, and adapted guided weapons, with documented use from Afghanistan and Iraq to Darfur, Syria, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Ukraine.
MiG-25 fighter aircraft, High-speed interceptor and reconnaissance aircraft, Aircraft & UAVsAircraft & UAVsMiG-25 fighter aircraftHigh-speed interceptor and reconnaissance aircraftSide: AzerbaijanRole: Reserve high-speed interceptorBuilt: Mikoyan-Gurevich / Mikoyan / Soviet Union / RussiaThe MiG-25 Foxbat is a Soviet high-speed interceptor and reconnaissance aircraft built by Mikoyan-Gurevich around speed, altitude, heavy air-to-air missiles, and reconnaissance-bomber variants rather than close-in maneuvering. Iraq fielded the type during the 1980 Iran-Iraq War and 1990 Gulf War, Syria used a small surviving fleet during the 2011 Syrian Civil War, and Azerbaijan later kept MiG-25s in reserve during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh stand-off.
Aero L-39 Albatros, Jet trainer and light attack aircraft, Aircraft & UAVsAircraft & UAVsAero L-39 AlbatrosJet trainer and light attack aircraftSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Jet trainer in Armenian air componentBuilt: Aero Vodochody / Czechoslovakia / Czech RepublicThe Aero L-39 Albatros is a Czechoslovak two-seat subsonic jet trainer built by Aero Vodochody as the successor to the L-29 Delfin. The family became a Warsaw Pact and export training aircraft, while armed L-39ZO and L-39ZA variants added reinforced stores stations, cannon or missile options, and light-attack capability.
Mi-2, Light twin-turbine utility and training helicopter, Aircraft & UAVsAircraft & UAVsMi-2Light twin-turbine utility and training helicopterSide: AzerbaijanArmenia / ArtsakhRole: Light utility and training helicopter inventoryBuilt: WSK PZL-Swidnik / PolandThe Mi-2, NATO reporting name Hoplite, is a Soviet-designed light utility helicopter produced in Poland by PZL-Swidnik. It moved the Mi-1 light-helicopter concept to twin turboshaft power, giving operators a compact transport, training, rescue, reconnaissance, and limited armed-support platform. Cataloged conflict evidence ranges from Soviet and Nagorno-Karabakh inventory context to Ukrainian loss and transfer records and Myanmar reporting on junta air attacks.
11 remaining

Category

Air Defense

Systems that contest aircraft, missiles, helicopters, and drones.

8/22
2A14 23 mm cannon, 23 mm gas-operated autocannon, Air DefenseAir Defense2A14 23 mm cannon23 mm gas-operated autocannonSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Short-range air-defense cannon in towed and vehicle-mounted ZU-23 installationsBuilt: KBP Instrument Design Bureau / Tulamashzavod / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 2A14 is the air-cooled 23 x 152B mm autocannon at the core of ZU-23 and ZU-23-2 short-range air-defense guns, with a quick-change barrel and a belt-feed layout that can be arranged from either side. Public conflict evidence most often documents it through the mounts that carry it: ZU-23-2 guns in Ukrainian service, SPLA-N air-defense fire in South Kordofan, Armenian and Artsakh losses in Nagorno-Karabakh, Houthi firing around Hudaydah, Tigray Defence Forces heavy weapons, and 2A14-pattern or ZU-23-2-pattern weapons with rebel forces in northern Mali.
MT-LB with AZP S-60 anti-aircraft gun, Improvised tracked self-propelled anti-aircraft gun, Air DefenseAir DefenseMT-LB with AZP S-60 anti-aircraft gunImprovised tracked self-propelled anti-aircraft gunSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Tracked 57 mm air-defense and fire-support conversionBuilt: Kharkov Tractor Plant / Plant No. 4 named after Voroshilov, Krasnoyarsk / Unknown / Soviet Union / Armenia / RussiaThe MT-LB with AZP S-60 anti-aircraft gun is an improvised tracked fire-support and air-defense conversion that combines the Soviet MT-LB armored carrier with the 57 mm AZP-57 gun of the S-60 system. Public evidence ties the configuration to Armenian and Artsakh losses in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war and to Russian field adaptations during the full-scale 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
MT-LB with ZU-23 anti-aircraft gun, Improvised tracked self-propelled anti-aircraft gun, Air DefenseAir DefenseMT-LB with ZU-23 anti-aircraft gunImprovised tracked self-propelled anti-aircraft gunSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Short-range air defense and direct fire supportBuilt: Kharkov Tractor Plant / Soviet state arsenals / Unknown / Soviet Union / ArmeniaThe MT-LB with ZU-23 anti-aircraft gun is an improvised tracked fire-support and short-range air-defense vehicle that combines the Soviet MT-LB multipurpose armored tractor with a twin 23 mm ZU-23 gun mount. Public records show the configuration in Iraqi, Russian, Ukrainian, Syrian, and Armenian or Artsakh service contexts, with documented examples ranging from an Iraqi wreck in Baghdad to vehicles destroyed, damaged, or captured in later wars.
S-300, Long-range surface-to-air missile system, Air DefenseAir DefenseS-300Long-range surface-to-air missile systemSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Long-range air defense of Nagorno-KarabakhBuilt: Almaz Central Design Bureau / Fakel Machine-Building Design Bureau / Soviet Union / RussiaThe S-300 is a Soviet-designed long-range surface-to-air missile family spanning early P-series air-defense systems, export S-300PMU upgrades, and the tracked S-300V branch. Ukraine has relied on legacy S-300 batteries for area air defense, received Slovakia's S-300PMU in 2022, Russia has fired S-300 missiles at Ukrainian ground targets, and Iran fields S-300PMU-2 batteries around strategic sites.
SA-14 Strela-3 MANPADS, Man-portable infrared surface-to-air missile system, Air DefenseAir DefenseSA-14 Strela-3 MANPADSMan-portable infrared surface-to-air missile systemSide: AzerbaijanRole: Short-range point air defense inventoryBuilt: KBM / Kolomna Machine-Building Design Bureau / Soviet Union / RussiaThe SA-14 Strela-3, Soviet designation 9K34, is a shoulder-fired infrared MANPADS developed as an improved successor to the Strela-2. In the Nagorno-Karabakh context, open-source arms-transfer reporting places Strela-3 launchers in Azerbaijan's inventory before the 2020 war, making it part of the legacy short-range air-defense layer even where specific firing claims are not documented.
Igla, Man-portable infrared-homing surface-to-air missile system, Air DefenseAir DefenseIglaMan-portable infrared-homing surface-to-air missile systemSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Short-range air defenseBuilt: KB Mashinostroyeniya / Soviet Union / RussiaThe Igla family is a Soviet/Russian shoulder-fired MANPADS built to give small air-defense teams a mobile, infrared-guided weapon against low-flying aircraft, helicopters, drones, and cruise missiles. Documented conflict use and fielding spans Ukrainian mobile air-defense teams, PKK use against a Turkish AH-1W helicopter, Syrian armed-group inventories, RSF fielding in Sudan, and Indian Army Igla-S teams reported in Operation Sindoor coverage.
9M32 Strela-2 / SA-7 MANPADS, Man-portable surface-to-air missile system, Air DefenseAir Defense9M32 Strela-2 / SA-7 MANPADSMan-portable surface-to-air missile systemSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Short-range air defense materielBuilt: KBM Kolomna / Soviet UnionThe 9M32 Strela-2, NATO SA-7 Grail, is a Soviet infrared-guided MANPADS whose compact shoulder-fired design spread widely through state arsenals, proxy forces, and armed groups. Its conflict record ranges from confirmed launch reports to delivery, capture, or displayed-materiel evidence in the Soviet-Afghan War, Ukraine, Syria, Libya, Sinai, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Gaza.
Barak-8, Medium- to long-range surface-to-air missile system, Air DefenseAir DefenseBarak-8Medium- to long-range surface-to-air missile systemSide: AzerbaijanRole: Ballistic-missile and air defenseBuilt: Israel Aerospace Industries / Rafael Advanced Defense Systems / Defence Research and Development Organisation / Bharat Dynamics Limited / Bharat Electronics Limited / Tata Advanced Systems / Indian industry partners / Israel / IndiaBarak-8, including India's MRSAM and LR-SAM configurations and IAI's later Barak MX family, is an Israeli-Indian air and missile-defense system for naval and land launchers. The cataloged conflict record centers on reported Azerbaijani Barak-8 use in Nagorno-Karabakh, an Indian Air Force Barak-8 interception during Operation Sindoor, and Israeli Barak-family interceptions during the 2025 Israel-Iran conflict.
14 remaining

Category

Armored Vehicles

Troop carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, and protected mobility.

8/11
BTR-80, 8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrier, Armored VehiclesArmored VehiclesBTR-808x8 amphibious armored personnel carrierSide: AzerbaijanRole: Mechanized assault transportBuilt: Arzamas Machine-Building Plant / RussiaThe BTR-80 is a Soviet-designed 8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrier built to move motor rifle troops under armor while giving them heavy machine-gun fire support. Rosoboronexport describes it as a combat wheeled vehicle for transporting motor rifle units, and the type remains widespread across former Soviet and export operators more than four decades after introduction.
BTR-82/BTR-82A, 8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrier, Armored VehiclesArmored VehiclesBTR-82/BTR-82A8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrierSide: AzerbaijanRole: Armored troop transport and assault supportBuilt: Arzamas Machine-Building Plant / Military Industrial Company / RussiaThe BTR-82/BTR-82A is a Russian 8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrier developed from the BTR-80 family. The BTR-82A adds a stabilized 30 mm 2A72 cannon, improved sights, a 300 hp KAMAZ diesel, spall liners, and other mobility and survivability upgrades, making it one of the more heavily armed wheeled APCs widely documented with Russian units in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
BTR-3, 8x8 wheeled armored personnel carrier, Armored VehiclesArmored VehiclesBTR-38x8 wheeled armored personnel carrierSide: AzerbaijanRole: Protected troop transport and infantry fire supportBuilt: Kyiv Armored Plant / UkrespectExport / UkraineThe BTR-3 is a Ukrainian 8x8 armored personnel carrier family derived from the Soviet-style wheeled APC layout but built around Ukrainian production and combat modules. Documented conflict use ranges from Ukrainian, Azerbaijani, Thai, Myanmar, and Sudanese inventories, with variants providing protected infantry mobility and turret fire support from 30 mm cannon, machine-gun, grenade-launcher, and anti-tank missile fits.
BRDM-2, Amphibious armored scout car, Armored VehiclesArmored VehiclesBRDM-2Amphibious armored scout carSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicleBuilt: Gorky Automobile Plant / Arzamas Machine-Building Plant / Soviet UnionThe BRDM-2 is a Soviet amphibious armored scout car built for reconnaissance, patrol, liaison, and specialist battlefield-support tasks. Its family includes radiological and chemical reconnaissance versions such as BRDM-2RKh and BRDM-2RKhb, which add contamination-detection and marking equipment to the scout-car chassis. Oryx loss records keep both base and chemical reconnaissance variants visible in the Russia-Ukraine War, while older export fleets appear in Nagorno-Karabakh, Yemen, and other post-Soviet or Soviet-supplied conflicts despite the vehicle's light armor.
MT-LBu, Amphibious tracked armored carrier and specialist chassis, Armored VehiclesArmored VehiclesMT-LBuAmphibious tracked armored carrier and specialist chassisSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Captured armored specialist chassisBuilt: Kharkiv Tractor Plant / Soviet Union / UkraineThe MT-LBu is a Soviet amphibious tracked armored carrier and specialist chassis derived from the MT-LB family. Its higher hull, longer seven-road-wheel chassis, and 300 hp YaMZ diesel engine gave armies more internal volume and payload margin for command posts, artillery fire-control vehicles, radar carriers, electronic-warfare systems, and later battlefield conversions in conflicts such as the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
MT-LB, Amphibious tracked armored personnel carrier and artillery tractor, Armored VehiclesArmored VehiclesMT-LBAmphibious tracked armored personnel carrier and artillery tractorSide: AzerbaijanArmenia / ArtsakhRole: Armored transport and weapons carrierBuilt: Kharkov Tractor Plant / Soviet UnionThe MT-LB is a Soviet tracked, amphibious armored carrier developed as a light multipurpose tractor and troop/cargo vehicle. Its low silhouette, large production run, and adaptable chassis made it a common base for command, air-defense, ambulance, anti-tank, and improvised fire-support variants, including widespread use by both sides in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
BMP-1, Infantry fighting vehicle, Armored VehiclesArmored VehiclesBMP-1Infantry fighting vehicleSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Armored troop movement and direct fire supportBuilt: Kurganmashzavod / Soviet Union / Czechoslovakia / India / Poland / ChinaThe BMP-1 was the Soviet Union's first mass-produced infantry fighting vehicle: a tracked, amphibious troop carrier built around a 73 mm 2A28 Grom gun, a coaxial PKT, and the original 9M14 Malyutka missile rail. Its export scale and simple upgrade path have kept BMP-1 hulls in service from the 1973 Yom Kippur War to Ukraine, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Caucasus.
BMP-2, Tracked amphibious infantry fighting vehicle, Armored VehiclesArmored VehiclesBMP-2Tracked amphibious infantry fighting vehicleSide: AzerbaijanArmenia / ArtsakhRole: Mechanized infantry carrier and direct-fire supportBuilt: Kurganmashzavod / Soviet Union / RussiaThe BMP-2 is a Soviet tracked infantry fighting vehicle that replaced the BMP-1's low-velocity gun with a stabilized 30 mm 2A42 autocannon while retaining an anti-tank missile launcher and amphibious mobility. Its troop carriage, direct-fire, and ATGM roles were documented in Afghanistan and remain visible in post-Soviet and export armored units, with later documented use in Ukraine, Syria, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Yemen.
3 remaining

Category

Artillery

Tube artillery, rocket artillery, and long-range ground fires.

8/31
60 mm M57 mortar, 60 mm light infantry mortar, ArtilleryArtillery60 mm M57 mortar60 mm light infantry mortarSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Captured Armenian-side mortarBuilt: PPT Namenska / SerbiaThe 60 mm M57 is a Yugoslav-pattern smoothbore light infantry mortar now listed by Serbian manufacturer PPT Namenska and in Yugoimport export material. Its official sheets describe a high-angle fire-support weapon built around barrel, base plate, bipod, sight, tools, spares, and accessories; post-Yugoslav records also show Serbian surplus stocks and Balkan export activity. In the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, open-source loss documentation recorded M57 mortars captured from Armenian forces.
82 mm 2B9 Vasilek automatic mortar, 82 mm automatic gun-mortar, ArtilleryArtillery82 mm 2B9 Vasilek automatic mortar82 mm automatic gun-mortarSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Captured mortar equipmentBuilt: Bolshevik Plant / Diósgyőri Gépgyár / Norinco / Soviet Union; Hungary; ChinaThe 82 mm 2B9 Vasilek is a Soviet automatic gun-mortar that combines mortar trajectories with clip-fed rapid fire from a wheeled carriage. Source-backed conflict records place the family in Soviet-Afghan fire-support accounts, Syrian government and opposition use, Russian-side use in Ukraine, and captured Armenian equipment in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh fighting.
82 mm M69 mortar, 82 mm smoothbore infantry mortar, ArtilleryArtillery82 mm M69 mortar82 mm smoothbore infantry mortarSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Infantry indirect fire supportBuilt: Yugoslav state arsenals / PPT Namenska / BNT Novi Travnik / Yugoslavia / Serbia / Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe 82 mm M69 is a Yugoslav-designed smoothbore infantry mortar family that remains in Serbian and former Yugoslav production and service channels, with the M69A variant using a four-person crew, NSB-3 sight, and high-angle fire out to roughly 4.9-6.25 km depending on ammunition. Direct open-source documentation links the family to Afghan government losses in 2021, Syrian opposition use near Aleppo, Armenian and Artsakh losses in Nagorno-Karabakh, and Ukrainian wartime receipt of BNT-marked M69A mortars.
120 mm M74 mortar, 120 mm smoothbore towed mortar, ArtilleryArtillery120 mm M74 mortar120 mm smoothbore towed mortarSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Infantry indirect fire supportBuilt: PPT Namenska / BNT Novi Travnik / UnisGroup / Serbia / Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe 120 mm M74 is a Yugoslav-origin towed mortar developed in the mid-1970s as part of the M74/M75 light-mortar generation. Current Serbian, Bosnian, Polish, and SIPRI records keep the system in the export-industrial and wartime-transfer record, while open-source conflict documentation places captured examples in Nagorno-Karabakh and a CIG-identified M74 in RSF-linked fighting at El Fasher.
120 mm M75 mortar, 120 mm towed smoothbore mortar, ArtilleryArtillery120 mm M75 mortar120 mm towed smoothbore mortarSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Towed mortar fire supportBuilt: BNT Novi Travnik / UnisGroup / Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe 120 mm M75 mortar is a Yugoslav-designed towed smoothbore mortar associated with the M74/M75 light-mortar family and post-Yugoslav export literature. Yugoimport describes it as infantry close-support artillery for high-angle fire, smoke, illumination, and difficult terrain, while Serbian sources and later defense reporting show the legacy weapon being paired with modern fire-control equipment. Direct records place M75 mortars in JNA fire support around Dubrovnik in 1991 and in Armenian/Artsakh losses during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.
2S31 Vena, 120 mm tracked self-propelled gun-mortar, ArtilleryArtillery2S31 Vena120 mm tracked self-propelled gun-mortarSide: AzerbaijanRole: Tracked 120 mm gun-mortar fire supportBuilt: Motovilikha Plants / RussiaThe 2S31 Vena is a Russian 120 mm self-propelled gun-mortar that mounts the semi-automatic 2A80 weapon system on a BMP-3 amphibious tracked chassis. Rosoboronexport markets it as a highly automated direct- and indirect-fire system with a 70-round ammunition load, 360-degree turret traverse, and 600 km cruising range. Its public combat record is limited but source-backed: Azerbaijani examples appeared in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, while Russian examples were reported near Bakhmut during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
23 remaining

Category

Electronic Warfare

Systems built to sense, relay, jam, deceive, or attack electromagnetic networks.

1/1
1L271 Aistyonok, Portable mortar locating reconnaissance radar, Electronic WarfareElectronic Warfare1L271 AistyonokPortable mortar locating reconnaissance radarSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Delivered to Armenian and Artsakh units but reportedly unsuitable in wartime serviceBuilt: Almaz-Antey / RussiaThe 1L271 Aistyonok is a Russian portable mortar-locating and artillery-reconnaissance radar associated with NPO Strela inside the Almaz-Antey industrial group. Rosoboronexport describes the export system as a modular radar for battalion-to-brigade fire support: detecting 81-120 mm mortar positions, tracking shell bursts for artillery correction, and observing moving ground targets out to 20 km. Specialist radar references describe a 135 kg J-band set, while open-source conflict reporting documents Russian-linked use in Syria and Ukraine plus Armenian/Artsakh wartime fielding problems in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

Category

Infantry Weapons

Portable weapons used by soldiers and small units.

8/9
TM-62, Anti-tank blast mine, Infantry WeaponsInfantry WeaponsTM-62Anti-tank blast mineSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Anti-vehicle mine warfare and route denialBuilt: Soviet and Russian state arsenals / Soviet Union / RussiaThe TM-62 is a Soviet family of circular anti-tank blast mines built around a central fuze well and a large high-explosive charge. Metal, plastic, wooden, and low-metal case variants appear in mine-action reporting, and the TM-62M/TM-62P3 are documented in current conflicts including Ukraine, Syria, Yemen, Libya, and Nagorno-Karabakh.
SPIKE anti-tank guided-missile family, Anti-tank guided missile family, Infantry WeaponsInfantry WeaponsSPIKE anti-tank guided-missile familyAnti-tank guided missile familySide: AzerbaijanRole: Helicopter-launched precision strikeBuilt: Rafael Advanced Defense Systems / IsraelRafael's SPIKE family is a combat-proven electro-optical guided-missile line whose long-range NLOS branch is also known as Tamuz in Israeli service and Exactor in British service. The family spans infantry, vehicle, aircraft, and naval launchers, from compact short-range variants to Spike NLOS, which reaches 32 km from land or 50 km from the air and has documented use by Israeli, British, Azerbaijani, and U.S. forces.
PMN-1/2/4, Antipersonnel blast mine family, Infantry WeaponsInfantry WeaponsPMN-1/2/4Antipersonnel blast mine familySide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Antipersonnel minefield and area denialBuilt: Soviet and Russian state arsenals / Soviet Union / RussiaThe PMN-1/2/4 family covers Soviet and Russian pressure-activated antipersonnel blast mines used to deny foot movement and injure personnel at close range. PMN-1 and PMN-2 are Soviet designs, while PMN-4 is a later Russian circular plastic-cased mine; conflict-use records now connect PMN-family mines to Ukraine, Libya, Nagorno-Karabakh-related minefields, and disputed PMN-2 incidents along the Thailand-Cambodia border.
AK-74, Assault rifle, Infantry WeaponsInfantry WeaponsAK-74Assault rifleSide: AzerbaijanRole: Small-unit rifle carried by Azerbaijani troopsBuilt: Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant / Kalashnikov Concern / Soviet Union / RussiaThe AK-74 is a Soviet 5.45x39 mm assault rifle family built around a lighter small-caliber cartridge, 30-round magazines, and the familiar Kalashnikov operating pattern. Public conflict evidence spans its Soviet-Afghan combat debut, continuing 2014 Russia-Ukraine War service on both sides, Syrian Civil War AK-74M and AKS-74U use, Islamic State possession, ISWAP imagery, PKK raid footage, and Azerbaijani AK-74M fielding around Hadrut.
MON-series anti-personnel mine, Directional fragmentation anti-personnel mine family, Infantry WeaponsInfantry WeaponsMON-series anti-personnel mineDirectional fragmentation anti-personnel mine familySide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Defensive obstacle and booby-trap miningBuilt: Soviet state arsenals / Russian defense industry / Soviet Union / RussiaThe MON series is a Soviet/Russian family of directional fragmentation anti-personnel mines, including MON-50, MON-90, MON-100, and MON-200 patterns that project preformed fragments across a defined sector. Monitoring groups identify the family in Russian mine warfare in Ukraine and in Russian-linked Tripoli minefields in Libya, while the Nagorno-Karabakh record is narrower and rests on postwar MON-50 clearance reporting.
9K111 Fagot, Man-portable anti-tank guided missile system, Infantry WeaponsInfantry Weapons9K111 FagotMan-portable anti-tank guided missile systemSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Defensive anti-armor missile launcherBuilt: KBP Instrument Design Bureau / Soviet UnionThe 9K111 Fagot, known to NATO as the AT-4 Spigot, is a Soviet man-portable SACLOS wire-guided anti-tank missile system built around the 9P135 tripod launcher and 9M111 missile family. Its reusable launcher, later 9P135M compatibility with the 9M113 Konkurs, and 2 to 2.5 km range kept it relevant for legacy users, with documented appearances from Ukraine to Gaza and Karabakh.
9K114 Shturm, Radio-command anti-tank guided missile system, Infantry WeaponsInfantry Weapons9K114 ShturmRadio-command anti-tank guided missile systemSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Mobile anti-armor firesBuilt: KBM Kolomna / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 9K114 Shturm is a Soviet radio-command anti-tank guided missile system built around the 9M114 Kokon missile and known to NATO as AT-6 Spiral. Designed by KBM Kolomna for attack helicopters and the MT-LB-based 9P149 Shturm-S carrier, it combines SACLOS guidance, a fast missile, and a 5 km baseline range, with later missile variants reaching 6-7 km. In the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, Russian 9P149 vehicles have been lost or captured, while Ukrainian units have shown Shturm-S training and Shturm-SM modernization work using domestic sights and RK-2P missiles.
9M113 Konkurs, SACLOS wire-guided anti-tank guided missile, Infantry WeaponsInfantry Weapons9M113 KonkursSACLOS wire-guided anti-tank guided missileSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Self-propelled anti-tank missile carrierBuilt: KBP Instrument Design Bureau / Tula Arms Plant / Bharat Dynamics Limited / Soviet Union / Russia / IndiaThe 9M113 Konkurs, NATO reporting name AT-5 Spandrel, is a Soviet wire-guided anti-tank guided missile family built for infantry launchers, BMP-series vehicle mounts, and the BRDM-2-based 9P148 carrier. Its SACLOS guidance, 135 mm missile body, and 4 km class engagement range kept the family useful after the Cold War, while the Konkurs-M modernization added tandem-HEAT and thermobaric options and remains in Russian export and Indian BDL production context.
1 remaining

Category

Munitions

Standalone missiles, bombs, rockets, torpedoes, and guided or unguided explosive payloads.

8/13
120 mm HE mortar bomb M62P3, 120 mm high-explosive mortar bomb, MunitionsMunitions120 mm HE mortar bomb M62P3120 mm high-explosive mortar bombSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: 120 mm mortar ammunitionBuilt: PRETIS d.d. / ITC Ltd. Zenica / UnisGroup / Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe 120 mm HE mortar bomb M62P3 is a Yugoslav-pattern high-explosive mortar round now marketed by Balkan ammunition producers including ITC Ltd. Zenica and UnisGroup. Official product pages list a 613 mm fuze-equipped length, 12.6 kg maximum mass, and 300-6464 m range band, while conflict reporting has identified exact M62P3-marked rounds in Ukraine and captured stocks from Nagorno-Karabakh.
FAB-250, 250 kg general-purpose free-fall aviation bomb, MunitionsMunitionsFAB-250250 kg general-purpose free-fall aviation bombSide: AzerbaijanRole: Air-dropped general-purpose bombBuilt: Bazalt / Soviet Union / RussiaThe FAB-250 is a Soviet-origin 250 kg general-purpose aviation bomb family built around unguided free-fall bodies and later adapted in some wars through improvised carriers or glide-kit conversion. WeaponsSystems.net describes the FAB M62 series as a Soviet free-fall bomb family with a common 250 kg version produced by Bazalt, while direct conflict reporting links FAB-250-class bombs to Azerbaijan's converted An-2 aircraft in 2020 and to Russian and Ukrainian strike adaptations in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
9M55K cargo rocket, 300 mm cluster cargo rocket, MunitionsMunitions9M55K cargo rocket300 mm cluster cargo rocketSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Area-effect cluster rocket fireBuilt: NPO Splav / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 9M55K is a Soviet/Russian 300 mm Smerch cargo rocket that disperses 72 9N235 fragmentation submunitions from a 9K58 / BM-30 Smerch-family launcher. Official export data and open-source investigations place it in the 20 to 70 km Smerch rocket family, while conflict reporting documents the rocket in Syria, Ukraine, and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.
9M528 high-explosive fragmentation rocket, 300 mm high-explosive fragmentation rocket, MunitionsMunitions9M528 high-explosive fragmentation rocket300 mm high-explosive fragmentation rocketSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Long-range rocket artillery attackBuilt: NPO Splav / RussiaThe 9M528 is a Russian 300 mm high-explosive fragmentation artillery rocket for the 9K58/BM-30 Smerch family. It is the unitary blast-fragmentation option in the Smerch ammunition set, carrying a 243 kg warhead with 95 kg of explosive and 800 preformed fragments to a reported 90 km maximum range. Human Rights Watch linked the designation to the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh fighting after Azerbaijan's mine-action agency identified a 9M528 rocket at Ayrija in Goranboy district.
9M525 fragmentation submunition rocket, 300 mm rocket with fragmentation submunitions, MunitionsMunitions9M525 fragmentation submunition rocket300 mm rocket with fragmentation submunitionsSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Long-range cluster rocket attackBuilt: NPO Splav / RussiaThe 9M525 is a Russian 300 mm Smerch-family cargo rocket carrying 72 fragmentation submunitions for personnel and unarmoured targets. Rosoboronexport and Missilery publish the 815 kg, 25-90 km export configuration, while 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh evidence links reported 9M525 remnants to the Barda cluster-rocket attacks with attribution caveats.
M095 DPICM cluster submunition, Dual-purpose improved conventional munition submunition, MunitionsMunitionsM095 DPICM cluster submunitionDual-purpose improved conventional munition submunitionSide: AzerbaijanRole: Rocket-delivered area-effect submunitionBuilt: Israel Military Industries / IsraelThe M095 is an Israeli-made dual-purpose improved conventional munition submunition carried inside LAR-160 cluster rockets. Cluster Munition Monitor reporting ties M095 DPICM remnants to the April 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes, and Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International documented M095 remnants, impact patterns, pink stabilization ribbons, and unexploded submunitions after Azerbaijani rocket attacks on Stepanakert and Hadrut in 2020.
9N235 cluster submunition, High-explosive fragmentation cluster submunition, MunitionsMunitions9N235 cluster submunitionHigh-explosive fragmentation cluster submunitionSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Area-effect rocket submunition attacksBuilt: NPO Splav / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 9N235 is a Soviet/Russian fin-stabilized high-explosive fragmentation submunition dispersed by Smerch and Uragan cargo rockets. Open-source ordnance investigations and humanitarian monitors document it in Syria, Ukraine, and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, where it appears as an area-effect rocket-artillery payload rather than a standalone fired weapon.
5 remaining

Category

Support Equipment

Transport, logistics, recovery, command, engineering, and other enabling equipment.

3/3
ZIL-131, 6x6 general-purpose army truck, Support EquipmentSupport EquipmentZIL-1316x6 general-purpose army truckSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Military truck and support vehicleBuilt: Zavod imeni Likhacheva / Soviet Union / RussiaThe ZIL-131 is a Soviet 6x6 general-purpose army truck produced by the Moscow Likhachev automobile plant and later associated production lines. It served as a cargo truck, tractor, tanker, communications vehicle, mine-laying chassis, gun-truck base, and launch-vehicle platform; visually documented losses in Georgia, Ukraine, and Nagorno-Karabakh make it a support-equipment entry with conflict-specific logistics and specialist-chassis context.
EO/IR Pod, Electro-optical/infrared airborne sensor pod, Support EquipmentSupport EquipmentEO/IR PodElectro-optical/infrared airborne sensor podSide: AzerbaijanRole: UAV sensor payload for reconnaissance and targetingBuilt: L3Harris WESCAM / Canada / United StatesEO/IR Pod is a support-equipment entry for airborne electro-optical and infrared sensor pods used to find, track, and designate targets from aircraft and UAVs. The page centers on source-backed examples: Canadian WESCAM sensors assessed on Turkish UAVs in Nagorno-Karabakh, Libya, and Syria; Aero's L-39 Skyfox mission fit showing an EO/IR pod; and the U.S. Coast Guard HC-130J's nose-mounted EO/IR pod. Because carrier publications often name the function rather than a specific model, the relationship notes separate identified WESCAM MX-series evidence from generic EO/IR-pod references.
BMP-1KSh command vehicle, Tracked armored command post vehicle, Support EquipmentSupport EquipmentBMP-1KSh command vehicleTracked armored command post vehicleSide: Armenia / ArtsakhRole: Tracked command-and-staff communications vehicleBuilt: Rubtsovsk Machine-Building Plant / Soviet UnionThe BMP-1KSh is a Soviet BMP-1-based command-and-staff vehicle that replaces the infantry carrier's standard turret weapon with a fixed command-post fit, a telescopic mast, multiple radios, navigation equipment, generators, and antenna systems. Open-source loss documentation ties the vehicle to Armenian command equipment captured in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict and to Russian and Ukrainian command-and-communications losses in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.

Category

Tanks

Heavy armor built around direct fire, protection, and battlefield shock.

3/3
T-90S/T-90SA tank, Export main battle tank, TanksTanksT-90S/T-90SA tankExport main battle tankSide: AzerbaijanRole: Armored maneuver and direct fireBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / RussiaThe T-90S/T-90SA tank page covers the export branch of Russia's T-90 main battle tank family, centered on the T-90S marketed by Rosoboronexport and the T-90SA designation seen in export service. Azerbaijan fielded T-90S-family tanks in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh fighting, while Russian T-90S losses have also been visually documented in Ukraine; the record keeps subvariant labels conservative where sources identify only T-90S.
T-72, Main battle tank, TanksTanksT-72Main battle tankSide: AzerbaijanArmenia / ArtsakhRole: Armored maneuver and direct fireBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / Various manufacturers / Soviet Union / Russia / licensed producersThe T-72 is a Soviet main battle tank family built around a three-person crew, an autoloaded 125 mm gun, and a compact tracked chassis that entered Soviet service in 1974. Its long production run, licensed derivatives, and post-Soviet stockpiles made it a recurring armored vehicle in Iraq, Chechnya, Georgia, Syria, Yemen, Nagorno-Karabakh, and the Russia-Ukraine War.
T-54/T-55, Main battle tank / medium tank family, TanksTanksT-54/T-55Main battle tank / medium tank familySide: AzerbaijanRole: Indirect fire supportBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / Kharkiv Locomotive Factory / Various manufacturers / Soviet Union / Poland / CzechoslovakiaThe T-54/T-55 is a Soviet tank family built around a low-profile tracked hull, four-person crew, and 100 mm D-10-series gun. It became one of the most widely produced tank families of the Cold War, with Soviet and licensed production spreading across Warsaw Pact and partner states. Direct conflict sourcing traces the family from North Vietnamese T-54 use in the 1975 fall of Saigon and Iraqi T-55s in the Gulf War to recent secondary fire-support, capture, and loss contexts in Ukraine, Yemen, Libya, Syria, Nagorno-Karabakh, Nigeria, and Sudan.

Conflict Sources

The conflict has disputed terminology, battlefield-control claims, and casualty narratives. This metadata uses official ceasefire text, established research organizations, and open-license map files for broad context; direct system-use claims remain in individual weapon entries.

  • Britannica Nagorno-KarabakhPublisher: Encyclopaedia Britannica | Note: Supports regional location, geographic description, and high-level conflict background. | Accessed: 2026-06-20
  • ICG Visual ExplainerPublisher: International Crisis Group | Note: Supports the conflict timeline and post-2020 visual context through September 2023. | Accessed: 2026-06-20
  • CFR Global Conflict TrackerPublisher: Council on Foreign Relations | Note: Supports recent chronology, Lachin corridor developments, the September 2023 offensive, and post-2023 settlement context. | Accessed: 2026-06-20
  • Trilateral StatementPublisher: Office of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia | Note: Official text of the November 2020 Armenia-Azerbaijan-Russia ceasefire statement. | Accessed: 2026-06-20
  • CSIS Air and Missile WarPublisher: Center for Strategic and International Studies | Note: Supports the catalog's missile, rocket artillery, UAV, loitering munition, and air-defense context for the 2020 war. | Accessed: 2026-06-20
  • SIPRI Arms TransfersPublisher: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute | Note: Supports external supplier context and prewar arms-transfer patterns for Armenia and Azerbaijan. | Accessed: 2026-06-20
  • US Army Lessons CatalogPublisher: U.S. Army | Note: Supports military lessons on UAVs, loitering munitions, air defense, electronic warfare, and ground operations. | Accessed: 2026-06-20
  • ACAPS Lachin Corridor NotePublisher: ACAPS | Note: Supports the December 2022 start and humanitarian significance of the Lachin corridor blockage. | Accessed: 2026-06-20
  • SCEEUS September Attack ReportPublisher: Stockholm Centre for Eastern European Studies | Note: Supports the September 2023 offensive, ceasefire/disarmament context, and post-offensive political setting. | Accessed: 2026-06-20
  • Commons 2020 War MapPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and CC BY-SA 4.0 license for the 2020 war map. | Accessed: 2026-06-20
  • Commons 2023 Offensive MapPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and CC BY-SA 4.0 license for the 2023 offensive map. | Accessed: 2026-06-20