Conflict side

Azerbaijan Weapons and Military Equipment

Azerbaijan's military profile combines a president-led state command system, Ministry of Defense force administration, Turkish-supported institutional reform, Israeli and Turkish unmanned-strike systems, and a mixed arsenal of Soviet-legacy armor, Russian equipment, Belarusian rockets, and domestic repair or UAV adaptation capacity.

53 weapon systems
Overview

Azerbaijan is represented here as a sovereign state actor whose armed forces operate under the constitutional authority of the president as Supreme Commander-in-Chief and the Ministry of Defense's service and command structure. Official material identifies land, air, naval, special forces, and Nakhchivan-based combined-arms formations, while the public equipment record is shaped most strongly by the Nagorno-Karabakh wars and the 2020-2023 sequence in which Baku restored control over the territory.

The connected weapon catalog is not a full peacetime inventory. It is weighted toward systems that were publicly documented in conflict use or closely tied to conflict-era force structure: Bayraktar TB2 strike UAVs, Israeli Harop and Harpy loitering munitions, LORA and Polonez long-range fires, Barak-8 air defense, TRLG-230 laser-guided rockets, T-72 and T-90 tanks, BMP and BTR armored vehicles, artillery, and air-defense assets.

Azerbaijan's force profile changed after independence from a Soviet-inherited base into a ministry-led military that absorbed external training, procurement, and institutional models. The constitution establishes the Armed Forces for security and protection and names the president as Supreme Commander-in-Chief. The Ministry of Defense describes a branch structure that includes the Land Forces, Air Force, Navy Forces, Special Forces, and the Combined Arms Army in Nakhchivan.

The 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war made Azerbaijan's unmanned and precision-strike ecosystem the central public marker of its modern combat profile. CSIS describes a 44-day war in which drones, loitering munitions, missiles, and artillery were used together, with UAVs supporting both reconnaissance and strike missions. Catalog-linked systems mirror that pattern: Turkish TB2s and MAM munitions, Israeli Harop and Harpy loitering munitions, and long-range rockets or missiles appear beside legacy armor and artillery.

Foreign supply is layered rather than single-source. SIPRI identifies Russia as Azerbaijan's largest major-arms supplier in 2011-2020, with Israel, Belarus, and Turkey following as major suppliers to Azerbaijan. AP reporting and SIPRI analysis point to Israel's large role in loitering munitions, missiles, and air defense, while Turkish cooperation is visible in TB2 use, Akinci introduction, UAV training infrastructure, commando training, and broader army-building links.

Domestic capacity is best described as production, maintenance, adaptation, and integration rather than complete autarky. Azerbaijani official reporting describes defense-industry work on unmanned aerial vehicles, intelligence-patrol vehicles, combat modules, simulation systems, serial production, export, and Ministry of Defense workshops that overhaul tanks, armored vehicles, and rocket-artillery weapons. That base helps sustain imported systems and selected local UAV or ammunition projects without removing dependence on foreign suppliers.

The catalog is strongest on formal institutions, supplier relationships, and weapon systems already connected through catalog conflict-use records. It is thinner on full order of battle, exact stockpile counts, current readiness, classified supplier arrangements, and independent verification of every wartime strike video, so the profile avoids turning official battlefield media into broad claims about effects or losses.

state command structureUAV and loitering-munition warfareIsraeli and Turkish supply linkslong-range fires and air defensedomestic repair and adaptation
Featured Weapons
Bayraktar TB2, Medium-altitude long-endurance UAV, Aircraft & UAVs

Bayraktar TB2

Represents Azerbaijan's Turkish armed-UAV layer and the reconnaissance-to-strike pattern that shaped the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict record.

Aircraft & UAVs / Medium-altitude long-endurance UAV
IAI Harop, Long-range loitering munition, Aircraft & UAVs

IAI Harop

Highlights the Israeli loitering-munition ecosystem that gave Azerbaijan a standoff strike option against time-sensitive and defended targets.

Aircraft & UAVs / Long-range loitering munition
LORA ballistic missile, Short-range road-mobile ballistic missile system, Artillery

LORA ballistic missile

Marks Azerbaijan's Israeli precision ballistic-missile capability within the catalog's long-range strike coverage.

Artillery / Short-range road-mobile ballistic missile system
Barak-8, Medium- to long-range surface-to-air missile system, Air Defense

Barak-8

Shows the higher-end Israeli air-defense layer represented in Azerbaijan-linked catalog records, with reported wartime missile-defense use.

Air Defense / Medium- to long-range surface-to-air missile system
Polonez multiple rocket launcher, Wheeled 301 mm multiple rocket launcher, Artillery

Polonez multiple rocket launcher

Captures the Belarusian long-range guided-rocket component that sits beside Turkish rockets, Soviet artillery, and Israeli missiles in Azerbaijan's fires mix.

Artillery / Wheeled 301 mm multiple rocket launcher
State Command And Ministry-Led Force Structure

Azerbaijan's constitution defines the country as a unitary republic, establishes Armed Forces for state security and protection, and names the president as Supreme Commander-in-Chief. That legal frame matters for the side profile because the catalog treats Azerbaijan as a state military actor, not as a conflict-local militia, proxy label, or temporary coalition.

The Ministry of Defense publishes the branch structure used in this profile. Its Land Forces page says the Land Forces were established inside the Azerbaijan Army by presidential order dated June 29, 2021, are the largest type of troops, and include army corps and subordinate motorized rifle, armored, commando, artillery, and support units. Its Air Force page describes the Air Force as responsible for continuous protection of state air borders, air defense, and combat support to other branches, and lists Air Combat Command, Air Defense Division, a UAV brigade, aviation bases, and training command elements.

The Navy Forces give Azerbaijan a Caspian Sea military component, while the Special Forces are a separate troop type established on April 30, 1999. The Combined Arms Army has a distinct Nakhchivan focus: official material traces it from the 705th Combined Reinforced Motorized Rifle Brigade through the 5th Army Corps and says it defends the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, including border areas adjacent to Armenian forces.

Unmanned Systems, Loitering Munitions, And Precision Fires

The strongest Azerbaijan-linked catalog theme is the pairing of sensors, UAVs, loitering munitions, and long-range fires. CSIS describes the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict as an air-and-missile war in which drones from Russian, Turkish, Israeli, and indigenous sources performed reconnaissance and strike missions, and in which UAV and loitering-munition attacks destroyed heavy ground units and air-defense targets.

That pattern appears across catalog-linked records rather than in a single platform. Bayraktar TB2 and MAM-series munitions represent Turkish armed-UAV strike; Harop, Harpy, SkyStriker, Orbiter 1K, Hermes, Heron, Searcher, and Orbiter reconnaissance systems represent the Israeli unmanned layer; An-2 unmanned decoy conversions represent local adaptation; and LORA, Polonez, TRG-300, and TRLG-230 represent the longer-range rocket and missile layer used or documented around the same conflict environment.

The profile does not add new weapon-use claims beyond those records. It describes the equipment ecosystem because the linked catalog already resolves these systems to Azerbaijan through conflict metadata and weapon conflict-use rows.

Foreign Supply Network And Turkish Military Linkage

SIPRI's Nagorno-Karabakh arms-transfer analysis gives the clearest high-level supplier frame: in 2011-2020, Russia supplied almost two-thirds of Azerbaijan's major arms, while Israel, Belarus, and Turkey were the next largest suppliers. SIPRI also notes that Azerbaijan's arms-import volume during that decade was far larger than Armenia's, reflecting the asymmetry in military spending and procurement before the 2020 war.

Israel's role is particularly visible in the catalog because many Azerbaijan-linked systems are Israeli or Israeli-derived: Harop, Harpy, LORA, Barak-8, Spike, LAR-160, M095 submunitions, Hermes, Heron, Searcher, Orbiter, and SkyStriker entries all map into the Azerbaijan catalog where their conflict-use records support it. AP reporting after the September 2023 offensive described Israeli arms, including drones, missiles, and Barak-8 air defense, as an important component of Azerbaijan's military edge, while also documenting Armenian concerns and the political controversy around those transfers.

Turkey's role combines procurement, training, doctrine transfer, and institutional influence. GMF analysis traces military-training cooperation to the early 1990s and argues that Turkish assistance helped shape Azerbaijan's army-building process. Official Azerbaijani reporting shows the later UAV side of that relationship: a 2024 Air Force facility visit highlighted an Akinci combat UAV, a UAV Academy, Baykar involvement, hangars, and training infrastructure.

Domestic Industry, Repair, And Adaptation

Azerbaijan's defense-industrial base is visible through official reporting but should be treated as selective capacity, not self-sufficiency. Azerbaijani coverage of ADEX describes the National Aerospace Agency of the Ministry of Defense Industry as focused on unmanned aerial vehicles, intelligence-patrol vehicles, combat modules, simulation systems, modernization for power-wielding agencies, serial production, and export.

AZERTAC reported in October 2020 that the Ministry of Defence Industry had begun mass production of the Iti qovan UAV and that Ministry units and enterprises provided the army with weapons and ammunition while testing new weapons with the military. Ministry of Defense reporting also describes a repair workshop specializing in overhaul of tanks, armored vehicles, and rocket-artillery weapons, including engine, undercarriage, communications, weapon, recoil-device, and shooting-range test work.

These sources support a sustainment-and-integration picture: Azerbaijan maintains and adapts parts of its arsenal domestically, but its modern precision-strike and air-defense profile remains deeply tied to imported Israeli, Turkish, Russian, Belarusian, and other foreign systems.

Nagorno-Karabakh Equipment Timeline
  1. Nakhchivan defense structure begins

    Azerbaijani official history links the later Combined Arms Army to the State Defense Committee established in Nakhchivan in September 1991 and to the 705th Combined Reinforced Motorized Rifle Brigade formed in September 1992.

  2. Special Forces established

    The Ministry of Defense says Azerbaijan's Special Forces were established on April 30, 1999, creating a separate troop type later prominent in official accounts of Karabakh operations.

  3. Supplier asymmetry deepens

    SIPRI estimates Azerbaijan imported far more major arms than Armenia during the decade before the 2020 war, with Russia, Israel, Belarus, and Turkey the principal major-arms suppliers to Azerbaijan.

  4. Forty-four-day war opens

    The 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict made Azerbaijan's UAV, loitering-munition, missile, rocket-artillery, armor, and air-defense mix the core public record for this side catalog.

  5. Land Forces formalized

    The Ministry of Defense says the Land Forces were established within the Azerbaijan Army by presidential order dated June 29, 2021.

  6. Akinci and UAV Academy shown

    Official reporting described an Air Force facility visit where Azerbaijan displayed the newly introduced Akinci combat UAV, UAV Academy infrastructure, hangars, and Baykar-supported training context.

Evidence Boundaries And Public Attribution

Azerbaijan's equipment record is unusually video-heavy because wartime official releases and strike clips were central to public messaging. Those releases are useful for identifying some systems and tactics, but they are not neutral battle-damage assessment. Independent sources are strongest for supplier structure, platform presence, institutional organization, and broad operational patterns; they are weaker for full inventories, sortie counts, classified deliveries, and exact effects of individual strikes. Human-rights reporting on cluster munitions, abuse videos, and alleged foreign fighters is relevant to the conflict environment but is kept separate from equipment-performance claims unless a weapon record carries direct conflict-use sourcing.

Azerbaijan Context
Archive Boundary

Azerbaijan-linked weapons on this page come from catalog conflict-use records, not from a complete peacetime order of battle or current inventory estimate.

Attribution Caveat

Official strike footage and ministry claims can identify systems and tactics, but independent sources are needed before treating battlefield effects, casualties, or enemy-loss claims as established.

Sources

Azerbaijan's public equipment record is strong on official institutions, broad supplier patterns, UAV infrastructure, and selected industrial or repair examples. It is weaker on classified delivery channels, complete inventories, full battle-damage assessment, and one-sided official strike media. Arms-transfer evidence is also shaped by the voluntary OSCE request on Nagorno-Karabakh-related deliveries and later supplier behavior. Human-rights and foreign-fighter allegations are treated as conflict-environment caveats rather than weapon-use findings unless a catalog weapon record has direct support.

  • Constitution of the Republic of AzerbaijanPublisher: President.az | Note: Supports Azerbaijan's state status, constitutional armed-forces basis, and the president's Supreme Commander-in-Chief authority. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Ministry of Defense of the Republic of AzerbaijanPublisher: Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan | Note: Supports the ministry-led Azerbaijan Army context and official defense establishment framing. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Land ForcesPublisher: Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan | Note: Supports the Land Forces establishment date, role as the largest troop type, and army corps, motorized rifle, armored, commando, artillery, and support-unit structure. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Azerbaijan Air ForcePublisher: Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan | Note: Supports the Air Force mission, 1992 establishment date, Air Combat Command, Air Defense Division, UAV brigade, aviation bases, and training command context. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Navy ForcesPublisher: Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan | Note: Supports the Navy Forces as Azerbaijan's naval branch and the Caspian naval historical context. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Special ForcesPublisher: Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan | Note: Supports the Special Forces establishment date, separate troop-type status, training course examples, and official descriptions of Karabakh roles. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Combined Arms ArmyPublisher: Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan | Note: Supports the Nakhchivan-based Combined Arms Army history, 5th Army Corps lineage, and border-defense role. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • The system of military science and education of the Azerbaijan ArmyPublisher: Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan | Note: Supports the official military education and National Defense University context. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Turkey's Overlooked Role in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh WarPublisher: German Marshall Fund of the United States | Note: Supports Turkish military-training cooperation, army-building influence, and the long-running Azerbaijan-Turkey military relationship. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Arms transfers to conflict zones: The case of Nagorno-KarabakhPublisher: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute | Note: Supports Azerbaijan's supplier mix, 2011-2020 arms-import asymmetry, and Russia, Israel, Belarus, and Turkey supplier context. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Trends in international arms transfers, 2020Publisher: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute | Note: Supports the broader 2020 arms-transfer context and Israeli supplies including UAVs, ballistic missiles, and loitering munitions. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • The Air and Missile War in Nagorno-KarabakhPublisher: Center for Strategic and International Studies | Note: Supports the 44-day air-and-missile-war framing, reconnaissance-to-strike drone use, loitering munitions, artillery support, and destruction of heavy ground and air-defense units. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Lessons from the Nagorno-Karabakh 2020 ConflictPublisher: U.S. Army | Note: Supports the broad lesson that Azerbaijan used advanced UAS and special operations forces to identify targets for artillery, missiles, and loitering munitions. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Israeli arms quietly helped Azerbaijan retake Nagorno-KarabakhPublisher: Associated Press | Note: Supports Israel-Azerbaijan defense ties, Israeli drones, missiles, and Barak-8 context, and caveats around Armenian concerns, displacement, and disputed political claims. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Tensions Between Armenia and AzerbaijanPublisher: Council on Foreign Relations | Note: Supports the conflict timeline, 2020 war context, 2022-2023 Lachin corridor crisis, September 2023 offensive, and dissolution of Artsakh institutions. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • President Ilham Aliyev viewed 4th ADEX and 13th Securex Caspian exhibitionsPublisher: Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Azerbaijan | Note: Supports domestic defense-production, UAV, intelligence-patrol vehicle, combat module, simulation, modernization, serial production, and export activity. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Azerbaijan starts production of Iti qovan UAVsPublisher: AZERTAC | Note: Supports domestic UAV production and Ministry of Defence Industry weapons-and-ammunition support claims. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • President Ilham Aliyev and his son Heydar Aliyev visited Air Force military facilitiesPublisher: Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Azerbaijan | Note: Supports Akinci introduction, UAV Academy, Baykar briefing, hangars, runway, training, and aviation-technical sustainment context. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • OSCE arms embargo on Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijan)Publisher: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute | Note: Supports the sourcing caveat on the voluntary OSCE arms-delivery request, later supplier behavior, and the post-Minsk-process embargo context. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • A Weapons repair workshop is operating in one of the military unitsPublisher: Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan | Note: Supports tank, armored-vehicle, and rocket-artillery overhaul capacity, workshop repair processes, and shooting-range testing of repaired weapons. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • What comes first - the tweet or the drone strike?Publisher: Rest of World | Note: Supports caveats around one-sided official strike-video publication and the public-information environment surrounding Azerbaijani drone warfare. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Azerbaijan: Cluster Munitions Used in Nagorno-KarabakhPublisher: Human Rights Watch | Note: Supports the caveat that civilian-harm and cluster-munition allegations should be separated from equipment-performance claims. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Armenia/Azerbaijan: Decapitation and war crimes in gruesome videos must be urgently investigatedPublisher: Amnesty International | Note: Supports the caveat that verified abuse videos and war-crime allegations require separate human-rights framing rather than equipment-performance framing. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
  • Mercenaries in and around the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone must be withdrawnPublisher: OHCHR | Note: Supports the caveat that foreign-fighter allegations should be attributed separately and not folded into Azerbaijan as a canonical military side. | Accessed: 2026-07-02
Aircraft & UAVs

Category

Crewed aircraft, drones, and loitering munitions.

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Mi-24/Mi-35, Attack helicopter and armed assault transport, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +9 moreMi-24/Mi-35Attack helicopter and armed assault transportBuilt: Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant / Rostvertol / Soviet Union / RussiaThe Mi-24/Mi-35 Hind family combines an armored attack helicopter with a small troop compartment, letting operators use one airframe for close air support, anti-armor fires, armed escort, and limited assault transport. The Mi-35M branch is a Rostvertol-built modern combat-transport line, while older and upgraded Mi-24/Mi-35 aircraft remain documented in Ukraine, Syria, Mali, Iraq, Myanmar, and other conflicts.
Aeronautics Orbiter 1K, Class 1 loitering munition UAS, Aircraft & UAVs2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ConflictAeronautics Orbiter 1KClass 1 loitering munition UASBuilt: Aeronautics Group / Azad Systems / Israel / AzerbaijanThe Aeronautics Orbiter 1K is an Israeli electric loitering munition in the Orbiter family, now marketed by Aeronautics as the Orbiter 2 LM. It combines a mini-UAS launch and recovery footprint with EO/IR target search and a roughly 3 kg fragmentation warhead. Azerbaijan fielded Orbiter 1K systems and local derivative versions alongside other Israeli and Turkish unmanned weapons during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.
An-2 unmanned decoy / converted UCAV, Converted unmanned decoy aircraft / improvised UCAV, Aircraft & UAVs2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ConflictAn-2 unmanned decoy / converted UCAVConverted unmanned decoy aircraft / improvised UCAVBuilt: Antonov Design Bureau / Unknown / Soviet Union / Ukraine, Poland, China (base airframe production); Azerbaijan (reported conversion/operator context)The An-2 unmanned decoy / converted UCAV was Azerbaijan's improvised adaptation of the Soviet Antonov An-2 utility biplane for the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. Azerbaijani forces used converted An-2s as expendable unmanned aircraft to enter Armenian air-defense engagement zones, draw fire, and reveal radar or launcher positions for TB2s, Harop loitering munitions, air strikes, or artillery, while separate reporting described some conversions carrying explosive payloads or FAB-250 bombs.
Su-25, Ground-attack aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 1980 Iran-Iraq War +16 moreSu-25Ground-attack aircraftBuilt: Sukhoi / Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant / United Aircraft Corporation / Soviet Union / Russia / GeorgiaThe Su-25 is a Soviet-designed armored close air support aircraft built for low-level battlefield strike, rough-field operation, and heavy stores carriage. Developed by Sukhoi and produced in Soviet, Russian, and Georgian factories, the twin-engine subsonic jet combines a protected cockpit, internal 30 mm cannon, and multiple pylons for rockets, bombs, missiles, and adapted guided weapons, with documented use from Afghanistan and Iraq to Darfur, Syria, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Ukraine.
MiG-25 fighter aircraft, High-speed interceptor and reconnaissance aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs1980 Iran-Iraq War, 1990 Gulf War +2 moreMiG-25 fighter aircraftHigh-speed interceptor and reconnaissance aircraftBuilt: Mikoyan-Gurevich / Mikoyan / Soviet Union / RussiaThe MiG-25 Foxbat is a Soviet high-speed interceptor and reconnaissance aircraft built by Mikoyan-Gurevich around speed, altitude, heavy air-to-air missiles, and reconnaissance-bomber variants rather than close-in maneuvering. Iraq fielded the type during the 1980 Iran-Iraq War and 1990 Gulf War, Syria used a small surviving fleet during the 2011 Syrian Civil War, and Azerbaijan later kept MiG-25s in reserve during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh stand-off.
Aero L-29 Delfin, Jet trainer and light attack aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs1988 First Nagorno-Karabakh WarAero L-29 DelfinJet trainer and light attack aircraftBuilt: Aero Vodochody / CzechoslovakiaThe Aero L-29 Delfin is a Czechoslovak two-seat jet trainer built by Aero Vodochody and Let Kunovice for Warsaw Pact and export air forces. Its simple, rugged design was optimized for basic, intermediate, and weapons training, with underwing stores for gun pods, light bombs, or unguided rockets. Azerbaijani forces pressed L-29s into ground-attack service during the 1988 First Nagorno-Karabakh War, where the lightly protected trainers suffered repeated losses to Armenian air defenses.
Mi-2, Light twin-turbine utility and training helicopter, Aircraft & UAVs2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +2 moreMi-2Light twin-turbine utility and training helicopterBuilt: WSK PZL-Swidnik / PolandThe Mi-2, NATO reporting name Hoplite, is a Soviet-designed light utility helicopter produced in Poland by PZL-Swidnik. It moved the Mi-1 light-helicopter concept to twin turboshaft power, giving operators a compact transport, training, rescue, reconnaissance, and limited armed-support platform. Cataloged conflict evidence ranges from Soviet and Nagorno-Karabakh inventory context to Ukrainian loss and transfer records and Myanmar reporting on junta air attacks.
IAI Harop, Long-range loitering munition, Aircraft & UAVs2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 2025 India-Pakistan ConflictIAI HaropLong-range loitering munitionBuilt: Israel Aerospace Industries / IsraelThe IAI Harop is an Israeli long-range loitering munition that combines UAV-style search and surveillance with an expendable precision-strike role. Israel Aerospace Industries presents it as a second-generation electro-optical attack system launched from land or naval canisters, controlled by a remote human operator, and able to attack high-value targets from multiple dive angles. Direct public sourcing ties Harop to Azerbaijan's 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh campaign and India's 2025 Operation Sindoor.
Mi-8/Mi-17, Medium twin-turbine utility transport helicopter, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +6 moreMi-8/Mi-17Medium twin-turbine utility transport helicopterBuilt: Kazan Helicopters / Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant / RussiaThe Mi-8/Mi-17 is a Soviet-designed medium utility helicopter family used for troop lift, cargo transport, evacuation, search-and-rescue, electronic-warfare, armed support, and helicopter-borne boarding roles. Its large production run, 4,000 kg payload class, current Mi-8AMT/Mi-8MTV-1/Mi-171/Mi-172 production branches, and wide export base make it a recurring rotary-wing platform across conflicts from Afghanistan and Syria to Ukraine and the Red Sea crisis.
Bayraktar TB2, Medium-altitude long-endurance UAV, Aircraft & UAVs2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict +8 moreBayraktar TB2Medium-altitude long-endurance UAVBuilt: Baykar / TurkeyThe Bayraktar TB2 is a Turkish MALE armed UAV built by Baykar for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and precision strike missions. Developed from 2012 and delivered to Turkish inventory in 2014, Baykar reports more than 1.25 million operational flight hours, and the aircraft became one of the most visible armed drones of the 2020s through documented use in Ukraine, Libya, Nagorno-Karabakh, the Sahel, Sudan, Somalia, and other conflicts.
Hermes 900 unmanned aircraft, Medium-altitude long-endurance UAV, Aircraft & UAVs2025 Israel-Iran Conflict, 2023 Israel-Hezbollah Conflict +3 moreHermes 900 unmanned aircraftMedium-altitude long-endurance UAVBuilt: Elbit Systems / IsraelElbit's Hermes 900 Kochav is an Israeli medium-altitude long-endurance UAV family with 36-hour endurance, a 350 kg baseline payload, and modular ISR, electronic-intelligence, communications-relay, maritime-patrol, and wide-area surveillance payload options. First flown in 2009, it entered Israeli combat use during the 2014 Gaza War and has since appeared in Azerbaijani and Israeli conflict documentation, while the StarLiner branch adds civil-airspace certification and heavier payload capacity for non-segregated airspace missions.
IAI Heron UAV, Medium-altitude long-endurance UAV, Aircraft & UAVs2006 Lebanon War, 2008 Gaza War +5 moreIAI Heron UAVMedium-altitude long-endurance UAVBuilt: Israel Aerospace Industries / IsraelThe IAI Heron is an Israeli medium-altitude long-endurance UAV family built for persistent ISR, target acquisition, maritime patrol, and multi-sensor surveillance missions. IAI describes Heron 1, known in Israeli service as Shoval, and Heron Mk II as SATCOM-capable MALE platforms with automatic taxi, takeoff, and landing, while conflict sourcing ties the family to Israeli operations in Gaza and Iran, Azerbaijani reconnaissance and targeting in Nagorno-Karabakh, and Indian Heron Mk II operations during Operation Sindoor.
Aeronautics Orbiter 2, Mini unmanned aerial system, Aircraft & UAVs2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ConflictAeronautics Orbiter 2Mini unmanned aerial systemBuilt: Aeronautics Group / Azad Systems / Israel / AzerbaijanThe Aeronautics Orbiter 2 is an Israeli fixed-wing mini-UAS for tactical ISR, target acquisition, surveillance, and payload-flexible mission support. Current Aeronautics material presents the Orbiter 2 ISR as a 13 kg, catapult-launched system with EO/IR, electronic-intelligence, communications-intelligence, electronic-warfare, video-processing, and jammer payload options, while Azerbaijan assembled Orbiter-family UAVs through Azad Systems and fielded Orbiter-2 reconnaissance drones in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.
Hermes 450 armed unmanned aircraft, Multi-role tactical UAS, Aircraft & UAVs2001 War in Afghanistan, 2006 Lebanon War +6 moreHermes 450 armed unmanned aircraftMulti-role tactical UASBuilt: Elbit Systems / IsraelElbit Systems' Hermes 450 is an Israeli tactical UAS, known in Israeli Air Force service as Zik or The Spark, that combines long-endurance ISR payloads, autonomous ground-station control, and armed configurations documented in Gaza, Lebanon, and Iran, while other sourced rows cover Azerbaijani fire-control missions in Nagorno-Karabakh and British H450 ISTAR support in Afghanistan.
Aeronautics Orbiter 3 UAV, Small tactical unmanned aircraft system, Aircraft & UAVs2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ConflictAeronautics Orbiter 3 UAVSmall tactical unmanned aircraft systemBuilt: Aeronautics Group / Azad Systems / Israel; AzerbaijanThe Aeronautics Orbiter 3 is a fully electric, runway-independent small tactical UAS built for ISTAR missions and modular payloads. Aeronautics now advertises up to 10 hours of endurance, launcher-and-parachute recovery or an add-on VTOL kit, and payload options that include EO/IR, ELINT, COMINT, EW, SAR, VMD, and MTI. Azerbaijan fielded Orbiter 3s in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, and Aeronautics later announced Greek procurement activity in 2023.
MiG-21, Supersonic fighter and interceptor aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs1955 Vietnam War, 1971 Indo-Pakistani War +6 moreMiG-21Supersonic fighter and interceptor aircraftBuilt: Mikoyan-Gurevich / Soviet state arsenals / Soviet UnionThe MiG-21 is a Soviet-designed supersonic fighter and interceptor that became one of the most widely built jet fighters of the Cold War. Its conflict record spans North Vietnamese interceptor use, Indian MiG-21FL combat in 1971, Arab and Iraqi air-defense service, Syrian and Libyan wartime fielding, and a conservative Azerbaijani fleet-context row for 2020 reporting where MiG-21 sorties are not directly documented.
IAI Searcher UAV, Tactical reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle, Aircraft & UAVs1983 Sri Lankan Civil War, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ConflictIAI Searcher UAVTactical reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicleBuilt: Israel Aerospace Industries / IsraelThe IAI Searcher is an Israeli tactical UAV family built by Israel Aerospace Industries for surveillance, reconnaissance, target acquisition, artillery adjustment, and battle-damage assessment. Searcher Mk II and Mk III extended the line with longer endurance, heavier payload options, and export service, including Sri Lankan Air Force use in the civil war and Azerbaijani reconnaissance/fire-control use in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.
Su-22 fighter-bomber, Variable-sweep-wing fighter-bomber / ground-attack aircraft, Aircraft & UAVs1980 Iran-Iraq War, 1981 U.S.-Libya Confrontations +4 moreSu-22 fighter-bomberVariable-sweep-wing fighter-bomber / ground-attack aircraftBuilt: Sukhoi / Soviet UnionThe Su-22 is the export member of Sukhoi's Su-17 Fitter family, a Soviet variable-sweep fighter-bomber built for low-level strike, ground attack, and battlefield interdiction. Direct conflict records on this page emphasize documented combat use and losses: Libyan Su-22s over the Gulf of Sidra, an Azerbaijani Su-22 loss in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Iraqi Su-22/Fitter chemical-attack delivery in the Iran-Iraq War, Desert Storm losses, Peruvian Cenepa War air-support missions, and Syrian government bombing near Tabqah in 2017.
Air Defense

Category

Systems that contest aircraft, missiles, helicopters, and drones.

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SA-14 Strela-3 MANPADS, Man-portable infrared surface-to-air missile system, Air Defense2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ConflictSA-14 Strela-3 MANPADSMan-portable infrared surface-to-air missile systemBuilt: KBM / Kolomna Machine-Building Design Bureau / Soviet Union / RussiaThe SA-14 Strela-3, Soviet designation 9K34, is a shoulder-fired infrared MANPADS developed as an improved successor to the Strela-2. In the Nagorno-Karabakh context, open-source arms-transfer reporting places Strela-3 launchers in Azerbaijan's inventory before the 2020 war, making it part of the legacy short-range air-defense layer even where specific firing claims are not documented.
Barak-8, Medium- to long-range surface-to-air missile system, Air Defense2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 2025 India-Pakistan Conflict +1 moreBarak-8Medium- to long-range surface-to-air missile systemBuilt: Israel Aerospace Industries / Rafael Advanced Defense Systems / Defence Research and Development Organisation / Bharat Dynamics Limited / Bharat Electronics Limited / Tata Advanced Systems / Indian industry partners / Israel / IndiaBarak-8, including India's MRSAM and LR-SAM configurations and IAI's later Barak MX family, is an Israeli-Indian air and missile-defense system for naval and land launchers. The cataloged conflict record centers on reported Azerbaijani Barak-8 use in Nagorno-Karabakh, an Indian Air Force Barak-8 interception during Operation Sindoor, and Israeli Barak-family interceptions during the 2025 Israel-Iran conflict.
S-125 Neva/Pechora / SA-3 Goa, Short- to medium-range surface-to-air missile system, Air Defense1969 War of Attrition, 1973 Yom Kippur War +8 moreS-125 Neva/Pechora / SA-3 GoaShort- to medium-range surface-to-air missile systemBuilt: Almaz Central Design Bureau / Soviet UnionThe S-125 Neva/Pechora, known to NATO as SA-3 Goa, is a Soviet command-guided surface-to-air missile system built to cover lower-altitude targets than earlier S-75 batteries. The family combines 5V24/V-600 or 5V27/V-601 missiles, SNR-125 Low Blow engagement radar, and twin- or four-rail launchers, with later Pechora upgrades adding mobile chassis, digital electronics, and optical tracking. Cataloged use spans Egyptian and Iraqi air-defense service, Yugoslav S-125 combat in Operation Allied Force, Syrian and Houthi-aligned legacy sites, Azerbaijani Pechora-2TM use, Ukrainian Newa-SC service, and Indian Pechora employment during Operation Sindoor.
Armored Vehicles

Category

Troop carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, and protected mobility.

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BTR-80, 8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrier, Armored Vehicles1994 First Chechen War, 1999 Second Chechen War +7 moreBTR-808x8 amphibious armored personnel carrierBuilt: Arzamas Machine-Building Plant / RussiaThe BTR-80 is a Soviet-designed 8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrier built to move motor rifle troops under armor while giving them heavy machine-gun fire support. Rosoboronexport describes it as a combat wheeled vehicle for transporting motor rifle units, and the type remains widespread across former Soviet and export operators more than four decades after introduction.
BTR-82/BTR-82A, 8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrier, Armored Vehicles2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +2 moreBTR-82/BTR-82A8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrierBuilt: Arzamas Machine-Building Plant / Military Industrial Company / RussiaThe BTR-82/BTR-82A is a Russian 8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrier developed from the BTR-80 family. The BTR-82A adds a stabilized 30 mm 2A72 cannon, improved sights, a 300 hp KAMAZ diesel, spall liners, and other mobility and survivability upgrades, making it one of the more heavily armed wheeled APCs widely documented with Russian units in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
BTR-3, 8x8 wheeled armored personnel carrier, Armored Vehicles2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict +3 moreBTR-38x8 wheeled armored personnel carrierBuilt: Kyiv Armored Plant / UkrespectExport / UkraineThe BTR-3 is a Ukrainian 8x8 armored personnel carrier family derived from the Soviet-style wheeled APC layout but built around Ukrainian production and combat modules. Documented conflict use ranges from Ukrainian, Azerbaijani, Thai, Myanmar, and Sudanese inventories, with variants providing protected infantry mobility and turret fire support from 30 mm cannon, machine-gun, grenade-launcher, and anti-tank missile fits.
MT-LB, Amphibious tracked armored personnel carrier and artillery tractor, Armored Vehicles1990 Gulf War, 2003 Iraq War +4 moreMT-LBAmphibious tracked armored personnel carrier and artillery tractorBuilt: Kharkov Tractor Plant / Soviet UnionThe MT-LB is a Soviet tracked, amphibious armored carrier developed as a light multipurpose tractor and troop/cargo vehicle. Its low silhouette, large production run, and adaptable chassis made it a common base for command, air-defense, ambulance, anti-tank, and improvised fire-support variants, including widespread use by both sides in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
BMP-2, Tracked amphibious infantry fighting vehicle, Armored Vehicles1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +3 moreBMP-2Tracked amphibious infantry fighting vehicleBuilt: Kurganmashzavod / Soviet Union / RussiaThe BMP-2 is a Soviet tracked infantry fighting vehicle that replaced the BMP-1's low-velocity gun with a stabilized 30 mm 2A42 autocannon while retaining an anti-tank missile launcher and amphibious mobility. Its troop carriage, direct-fire, and ATGM roles were documented in Afghanistan and remain visible in post-Soviet and export armored units, with later documented use in Ukraine, Syria, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Yemen.
BMP-3, Tracked amphibious infantry fighting vehicle, Armored Vehicles2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +1 moreBMP-3Tracked amphibious infantry fighting vehicleBuilt: Kurganmashzavod / RussiaThe BMP-3 is a Soviet-designed, Russian-built tracked amphibious infantry fighting vehicle that combines a 100 mm gun-launcher, 30 mm autocannon, and machine guns in a light armored troop carrier. It has appeared in Russian mechanized formations, Ukrainian captured-vehicle use, Azerbaijani service in Nagorno-Karabakh, and UAE coalition operations in Yemen, while Russia's Ukraine-war production batches have added extra mine and drone protection to address battlefield losses.
BTR-70, Wheeled armored personnel carrier, Armored Vehicles1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War +2 moreBTR-70Wheeled armored personnel carrierBuilt: Gorky Automobile Plant / Arzamas Machine-Building Plant / Soviet Union / RussiaThe BTR-70 is a Soviet 8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrier developed from the BTR-60PB family to move motor-rifle troops under armor while retaining the KPVT/PKT turret armament. Afghan-war experience exposed both its practical value and its limits, including side-exit and protection improvements over the BTR-60PB, before later Soviet production shifted toward the diesel-powered BTR-80.
Artillery

Category

Tube artillery, rocket artillery, and long-range ground fires.

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2S31 Vena, 120 mm tracked self-propelled gun-mortar, Artillery2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 2014 Russia-Ukraine War2S31 Vena120 mm tracked self-propelled gun-mortarBuilt: Motovilikha Plants / RussiaThe 2S31 Vena is a Russian 120 mm self-propelled gun-mortar that mounts the semi-automatic 2A80 weapon system on a BMP-3 amphibious tracked chassis. Rosoboronexport markets it as a highly automated direct- and indirect-fire system with a 70-round ammunition load, 360-degree turret traverse, and 600 km cruising range. Its public combat record is limited but source-backed: Azerbaijani examples appeared in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, while Russian examples were reported near Bakhmut during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
152 mm SpGH DANA, 152 mm wheeled self-propelled gun-howitzer, Artillery2008 Russo-Georgian War, 2001 War in Afghanistan +2 more152 mm SpGH DANA152 mm wheeled self-propelled gun-howitzerBuilt: ZTS Dubnica nad Vahom / Excalibur Army / Czechoslovakia / Slovakia / Czech RepublicThe 152 mm SpGH DANA is a Czechoslovak wheeled self-propelled gun-howitzer built around a Tatra 8x8 chassis, a semi-automatic loading system, and a 152 mm gun compatible with Soviet-pattern ammunition. The family appears in several post-Soviet and coalition conflicts: Georgian DANA guns were documented in the 2008 Russo-Georgian War, Polish DANA crews fired in Afghanistan, Azerbaijani DANA M1 systems were reported in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh fighting, and Czech-supplied DANA and DANA M2 howitzers later gave Ukrainian forces mobile 152 mm artillery during the full-scale Russian invasion.
2S7 Pion, 203 mm tracked self-propelled gun, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2008 Russo-Georgian War +1 more2S7 Pion203 mm tracked self-propelled gunBuilt: Leningrad Kirov Plant / Barrikady Arsenal / Soviet UnionThe 2S7 Pion is a Soviet 203 mm tracked self-propelled gun built for long-range, high-power fires against important rear-area targets. Its 2A44 gun, T-80-derived tracked chassis, and rocket-assisted projectile range kept the Pion and Malka family visible in several post-Soviet wars, including documented Georgian losses in 2008, Azerbaijani 2020 use, and Russian and Ukrainian operation during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
TOS-1A Solntsepyok, 220 mm thermobaric multiple rocket launcher, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +2 moreTOS-1A Solntsepyok220 mm thermobaric multiple rocket launcherBuilt: Omsktransmash / Uralvagonzavod / RussiaThe TOS-1A Solntsepyok is a Russian tracked heavy flamethrower system that functions as a short-range thermobaric multiple rocket launcher. Built around a BM-1 launcher on a tank chassis with transporter-loaders, it fires unguided 220 mm rockets to support infantry and armor against fortified positions, vehicles, and troops in cover. In the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War it has been documented in Russian service near the front line, where its short range creates both destructive local effects and high vulnerability to Ukrainian targeting.
TRLG-230, 230 mm laser-guided artillery rocket, Artillery2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ConflictTRLG-230230 mm laser-guided artillery rocketBuilt: Roketsan / TurkeyThe TRLG-230 is Roketsan's 230 mm laser-guided artillery rocket for the MCL launcher family, combining GPS/GLONASS-aided INS with terminal laser homing for precision strikes at 20-70 km. Roketsan markets the missile for high-priority artillery, air-defense, radar, command, and logistics targets, while open reporting places it in Azerbaijani use during the 2020 Karabakh war and in Ukrainian service from 2022.
Ballistic missile, Ballistic missile, Artillery1980 Iran-Iraq War, 1990 Gulf War +8 moreBallistic missileBallistic missileBuilt: Various manufacturers / Multiple countriesBallistic missiles are rocket-propelled weapons that accelerate during boost, then place a payload on a mostly unpowered ballistic path through midcourse and terminal flight. The class spans short-range battlefield missiles, submarine-launched systems, and intercontinental weapons; in recent cataloged conflicts, open sources document Iranian and Houthi use when strike reports identify broad ballistic-missile salvos but not always a single missile model.
Polonez multiple rocket launcher, Wheeled 301 mm multiple rocket launcher, Artillery2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ConflictPolonez multiple rocket launcherWheeled 301 mm multiple rocket launcherBuilt: Precision Electro-Mechanics Plant (ZTEM) / MZKT / Volat / BelarusThe Polonez is a Belarusian long-range multiple rocket launcher built around eight containerized 301 mm guided rockets on an MZKT 8x8 chassis. The B-200 system entered Belarusian service in 2016, Azerbaijan displayed imported Polonez launchers in 2018, and CSIS lists the type in Azerbaijan's long-range rocket-artillery inventory during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.
Infantry Weapons

Category

Portable weapons used by soldiers and small units.

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SPIKE anti-tank guided-missile family, Anti-tank guided missile family, Infantry Weapons2023 Israel-Hamas War, 2014 Gaza War +8 moreSPIKE anti-tank guided-missile familyAnti-tank guided missile familyBuilt: Rafael Advanced Defense Systems / IsraelRafael's SPIKE family is a combat-proven electro-optical guided-missile line whose long-range NLOS branch is also known as Tamuz in Israeli service and Exactor in British service. The family spans infantry, vehicle, aircraft, and naval launchers, from compact short-range variants to Spike NLOS, which reaches 32 km from land or 50 km from the air and has documented use by Israeli, British, Azerbaijani, and U.S. forces.
AK-74, Assault rifle, Infantry Weapons2009 Boko Haram Insurgency, 1984 Kurdish-Turkish Conflict +5 moreAK-74Assault rifleBuilt: Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant / Kalashnikov Concern / Soviet Union / RussiaThe AK-74 is a Soviet 5.45x39 mm assault rifle family built around a lighter small-caliber cartridge, 30-round magazines, and the familiar Kalashnikov operating pattern. Public conflict evidence spans its Soviet-Afghan combat debut, continuing 2014 Russia-Ukraine War service on both sides, Syrian Civil War AK-74M and AKS-74U use, Islamic State possession, ISWAP imagery, PKK raid footage, and Azerbaijani AK-74M fielding around Hadrut.
TS-50 anti-personnel mine, Minimum-metal blast anti-personnel mine, Infantry Weapons1979 Soviet-Afghan War, 1980 Iran-Iraq War +3 moreTS-50 anti-personnel mineMinimum-metal blast anti-personnel mineBuilt: Tecnovar Italiana SpA / ItalyThe TS-50 is an Italian minimum-metal blast anti-personnel mine built around a small pressure-actuated plastic body and pneumatic fuze. The record covers the Italian TS/50 baseline and closely documented T/79 and YM-1 copy designations, with conflict-use evidence from Afghanistan, Iraqi Kurdistan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Syria, and the Russia-Ukraine War's Donbas supply trail.
Munitions

Category

Standalone missiles, bombs, rockets, torpedoes, and guided or unguided explosive payloads.

5/5
FAB-250, 250 kg general-purpose free-fall aviation bomb, Munitions2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 2014 Russia-Ukraine WarFAB-250250 kg general-purpose free-fall aviation bombBuilt: Bazalt / Soviet Union / RussiaThe FAB-250 is a Soviet-origin 250 kg general-purpose aviation bomb family built around unguided free-fall bodies and later adapted in some wars through improvised carriers or glide-kit conversion. WeaponsSystems.net describes the FAB M62 series as a Soviet free-fall bomb family with a common 250 kg version produced by Bazalt, while direct conflict reporting links FAB-250-class bombs to Azerbaijan's converted An-2 aircraft in 2020 and to Russian and Ukrainian strike adaptations in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
M095 DPICM cluster submunition, Dual-purpose improved conventional munition submunition, Munitions2016 Nagorno-Karabakh Clashes, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ConflictM095 DPICM cluster submunitionDual-purpose improved conventional munition submunitionBuilt: Israel Military Industries / IsraelThe M095 is an Israeli-made dual-purpose improved conventional munition submunition carried inside LAR-160 cluster rockets. Cluster Munition Monitor reporting ties M095 DPICM remnants to the April 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes, and Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International documented M095 remnants, impact patterns, pink stabilization ribbons, and unexploded submunitions after Azerbaijani rocket attacks on Stepanakert and Hadrut in 2020.
Support Equipment

Category

Transport, logistics, recovery, command, engineering, and other enabling equipment.

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EO/IR Pod, Electro-optical/infrared airborne sensor pod, Support Equipment2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 2014 Second Libyan Civil War +1 moreEO/IR PodElectro-optical/infrared airborne sensor podBuilt: L3Harris WESCAM / Canada / United StatesEO/IR Pod is a support-equipment entry for airborne electro-optical and infrared sensor pods used to find, track, and designate targets from aircraft and UAVs. The page centers on source-backed examples: Canadian WESCAM sensors assessed on Turkish UAVs in Nagorno-Karabakh, Libya, and Syria; Aero's L-39 Skyfox mission fit showing an EO/IR pod; and the U.S. Coast Guard HC-130J's nose-mounted EO/IR pod. Because carrier publications often name the function rather than a specific model, the relationship notes separate identified WESCAM MX-series evidence from generic EO/IR-pod references.
Tanks

Category

Heavy armor built around direct fire, protection, and battlefield shock.

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T-90S/T-90SA tank, Export main battle tank, Tanks2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 2014 Russia-Ukraine WarT-90S/T-90SA tankExport main battle tankBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / RussiaThe T-90S/T-90SA tank page covers the export branch of Russia's T-90 main battle tank family, centered on the T-90S marketed by Rosoboronexport and the T-90SA designation seen in export service. Azerbaijan fielded T-90S-family tanks in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh fighting, while Russian T-90S losses have also been visually documented in Ukraine; the record keeps subvariant labels conservative where sources identify only T-90S.
T-72, Main battle tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +7 moreT-72Main battle tankBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / Various manufacturers / Soviet Union / Russia / licensed producersThe T-72 is a Soviet main battle tank family built around a three-person crew, an autoloaded 125 mm gun, and a compact tracked chassis that entered Soviet service in 1974. Its long production run, licensed derivatives, and post-Soviet stockpiles made it a recurring armored vehicle in Iraq, Chechnya, Georgia, Syria, Yemen, Nagorno-Karabakh, and the Russia-Ukraine War.
T-54/T-55, Main battle tank / medium tank family, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2009 Boko Haram Insurgency +7 moreT-54/T-55Main battle tank / medium tank familyBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / Kharkiv Locomotive Factory / Various manufacturers / Soviet Union / Poland / CzechoslovakiaThe T-54/T-55 is a Soviet tank family built around a low-profile tracked hull, four-person crew, and 100 mm D-10-series gun. It became one of the most widely produced tank families of the Cold War, with Soviet and licensed production spreading across Warsaw Pact and partner states. Direct conflict sourcing traces the family from North Vietnamese T-54 use in the 1975 fall of Saigon and Iraqi T-55s in the Gulf War to recent secondary fire-support, capture, and loss contexts in Ukraine, Yemen, Libya, Syria, Nagorno-Karabakh, Nigeria, and Sudan.