Air Defense

SA-14 Strela-3 MANPADS

Also known as
  • SA-14
  • SA-14 Gremlin
  • Strela-3
  • 9M36

The SA-14 Strela-3, Soviet designation 9K34, is a shoulder-fired infrared MANPADS developed as an improved successor to the Strela-2. In the Nagorno-Karabakh context, open-source arms-transfer reporting places Strela-3 launchers in Azerbaijan's inventory before the 2020 war, making it part of the legacy short-range air-defense layer even where specific firing claims are not documented.

Role in Conflicts

Role in conflict
Short-range point air defense inventory

Azerbaijan had Ukrainian-delivered Strela-3 MANPADS in its air-defense inventory before the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war; available open sources support delivery and fielding context rather than a documented missile firing.

Design Notes

Strela-3 was an upgrade path rather than a clean-sheet redesign. The public references emphasize the seeker package and the system's role as a lighter, improved follow-on to Strela-2.

TopicDetailReader note
Lineage9M32 Strela-2 / SA-7 MANPADS, Man-portable surface-to-air missile system, Air DefenseStrela-2 familyDeveloped as an improved successor, not a new launcher concept.
SeekerPassive infrared seeker with cooled detectorThe upgraded seeker package is the main documented step forward over earlier Strela systems.
Service entryJanuary 1974The Soviet decree date anchors the system's entry into service.
Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Soviet Union
Type
Man-portable infrared surface-to-air missile system
Service note
Entered Soviet service in 1974; retained in legacy inventories during the 2020 conflict era
Designer
Kolomna Machine-Building Design Bureau
Designed
Late 1960s to early 1970s
Unit cost
Not publicly standardized
Produced
1970s onward
Number built
Not publicly confirmed
Developed from
9M32 Strela-2 / SA-7 MANPADS

Specifications

Crew
1 operator
Missile
9M36 / 9M36-1 infrared-guided surface-to-air missile
Guidance
Passive infrared homing seeker with cooled detector
Maximum range
About 4.1-4.5 km
Engagement altitude
Up to about 2.3-3.0 km depending on target profile
Ready-to-fire weight
About 16 kg
Warhead
About 1.17 kg blast-fragmentation warhead
Variants
  • 9K34 Strela-3
  • 9M36 missile
  • SA-N-8 naval variant
Launch Platforms

One documented launcher fit for the Strela-3 missile family was the East German FASTA-4M naval mount.

LauncherLauncher typeLaunch evidence
FASTA-4M, East German quad launcher for Strela-2/Strela-3 missiles, Air DefenseFASTA-4MQuadruple launcher

NavWeaps lists FASTA-4M as a German-designed four-barrel launcher for Strela-2 and Strela-3, making it a documented launch platform for the same missile family.

Sources: Naval Missiles of Russia/USSR

Timeline

SA-14 Strela-3 MANPADS Key Events

  1. Development begins

    Astronautix dates the Strela-3 program to 1968, placing the development phase well before Soviet service entry in 1974.

    Sources: Strela-3 SAM

  2. Put into service

    GlobalSecurity cites a January 18, 1974 decree that put the 9K34 Strela-3 complex into service in the Soviet Union.

    Sources: SA-14 GREMLIN 9K34 Strela-3 - GlobalSecurity.org

Media

SA-14 Strela-3 MANPADS Images

Related Weapon Systems
9K31 Strela-1, Vehicle-mounted short-range surface-to-air missile system, Air DefenseAir Defense9K31 Strela-1Vehicle-mounted short-range surface-to-air missile systemThe 9K31 Strela-1, NATO reporting name SA-9 Gaskin, is a Soviet BRDM-2-based short-range surface-to-air missile system armed with four ready-to-fire 9M31 or 9M31M missiles. Developed as a regimental low-altitude air-defense vehicle for motor-rifle and tank units, it combined an amphibious armored chassis with optical/infrared missile engagement at short ranges. Open sources document it in several conflict inventories, including Polisario systems supplied by Libya, Iraqi Gulf War air defenses, Chechen inherited stocks, and Houthi-aligned holdings in Yemen; those rows indicate fielding or possession, not necessarily a sourced launch or shootdown.
Igla, Man-portable infrared-homing surface-to-air missile system, Air DefenseAir DefenseIglaMan-portable infrared-homing surface-to-air missile systemThe Igla family is a Soviet/Russian shoulder-fired MANPADS built to give small air-defense teams a mobile, infrared-guided weapon against low-flying aircraft, helicopters, drones, and cruise missiles. Documented conflict use and fielding spans Ukrainian mobile air-defense teams, PKK use against a Turkish AH-1W helicopter, Syrian armed-group inventories, RSF fielding in Sudan, and Indian Army Igla-S teams reported in Operation Sindoor coverage.
9K333 Verba, Man-portable air-defense system (MANPADS), Air DefenseAir Defense9K333 VerbaMan-portable air-defense system (MANPADS)The 9K333 Verba, NATO reporting name SA-29 Gizmo, is a Russian shoulder-fired very-short-range air-defense system built around the 9M336 missile, 9P333 launch tube, and a passive three-spectral thermal seeker. Designed by KB Mashinostroyeniya for aircraft, helicopters, UAVs, and cruise missiles in heavy optical-interference conditions, it has documented Russian service in Syria and Ukraine and can also be used with night sights, Dzhigit support launchers, and Gibka-S mobile short-range air-defense vehicles.

Sources