Conflict catalog

2011 First Libyan Civil War: Weapons and Equipment

The 2011 armed revolt against Muammar Gaddafi escalated into a civil war and NATO-backed intervention before the regime collapsed.

The 2011 First Libyan Civil War was the armed revolt against Muammar Gaddafi that escalated into a civil war and foreign military intervention before the regime collapsed.

This catalog tracks weapon systems directly documented in the 2011 First Libyan Civil War, including aircraft, bombs, missiles, and air-defense systems used during the intervention.

Attach entries here only when the source-backed use can be tied to the 2011 conflict.

59 weapon systems

Conflict Actors

Gaddafi government forces / National Transitional Council and rebel forces / NATO-led coalition

Context

Status
Published catalog

Weapons

2011 First Libyan Civil War Weapon Systems

Category

Aircraft & UAVs

Crewed aircraft, drones, and loitering munitions.

8/19
EC-130J Commando Solo, Airborne information operations and psychological operations aircraft, Aircraft & UAVsAircraft & UAVsEC-130J Commando SoloAirborne information operations and psychological operations aircraftSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: UnknownBuilt: Lockheed Martin / United StatesThe EC-130J Commando Solo is a Lockheed Martin C-130J-derived U.S. Air Force special-mission aircraft that broadcasts information operations and psychological operations messages across AM, FM, HF, TV, and military communications bands. The 193rd Special Operations Wing operates the aircraft, which adds enhanced navigation, self-protection, air refueling, digital message playback, and live-broadcast capability to the Hercules airframe.
F/A-18 Hornet (Tactical), Carrier-capable multirole strike fighter, Aircraft & UAVsAircraft & UAVsF/A-18 Hornet (Tactical)Carrier-capable multirole strike fighterSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: UnknownBuilt: McDonnell Douglas / United StatesThe F/A-18 Hornet (Tactical) is the National Naval Aviation Museum's label for the original McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 A-D Hornet family, a twin-engine carrier-capable strike fighter that entered Marine Corps service in 1983 and U.S. Navy service in 1984. NAVAIR describes the Hornet as the nation's first all-weather fighter and attack aircraft; its documented combat record spans Libya, Desert Storm, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq, and later coalition campaigns.
A-10 Thunderbolt II, Close air support attack aircraft, Aircraft & UAVsAircraft & UAVsA-10 Thunderbolt IIClose air support attack aircraftSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: Maritime interdiction and civilian-protection strikeBuilt: Fairchild Republic Co. / United StatesThe A-10 Thunderbolt II is a U.S. single-seat, twin-engine attack aircraft built around close air support, austere operations, survivability, and the 30 mm GAU-8/A cannon. Official U.S. military sources document A-10 use from the 1990 Gulf War through Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, Operation Inherent Resolve, and later U.S. Central Command missions, while the A-10C modernization added digital cockpit, targeting, datalink, and precision-weapon capability to the original low-altitude support platform.
F-15E Strike Eagle, Dual-role strike fighter, Aircraft & UAVsAircraft & UAVsF-15E Strike EagleDual-role strike fighterSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: Coalition strike aircraftBuilt: McDonnell Douglas / Boeing / United StatesThe F-15E Strike Eagle is a two-seat U.S. dual-role fighter built for long-range interdiction, precision attack, and self-escorted air-to-air combat. Its conformal fuel tanks, targeting/navigation pods, radar, and two-person cockpit made it a night-strike aircraft in the 1990 Gulf War and a recurring U.S. and export-derivative strike platform in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Syria, counter-ISIL operations, and later Middle East crises.
F-15 family fighter aircraft, Fighter aircraft family, Aircraft & UAVsAircraft & UAVsF-15 family fighter aircraftFighter aircraft familySide: NATO-led coalitionRole: Coalition strike aircraftBuilt: McDonnell Douglas / Boeing / United StatesThe F-15 family covers U.S.-origin Eagle air-superiority fighters, F-15E Strike Eagle attack aircraft, and export or modernized derivatives such as the F-15 Baz, F-15I, F-15S, and F-15EX. The catalog records its air-to-air, interdiction, long-range strike, no-fly-zone patrol, and evacuation-cover roles from the 1982 Lebanon War and 1990 Gulf War through Israeli, Saudi, U.S., and coalition operations in the 2020s.
AMX International AMX, Light attack and reconnaissance aircraft, Aircraft & UAVsAircraft & UAVsAMX International AMXLight attack and reconnaissance aircraftSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: Precision strike aircraftBuilt: AMX International / Italy / BrazilThe AMX International AMX is an Italian-Brazilian light attack and reconnaissance jet developed by Aeritalia, Aermacchi, and Embraer for close support, interdiction, and tactical reconnaissance. Italian AMX aircraft saw sourced operational use from NATO missions over Bosnia and Kosovo through Afghanistan, Libya, and Kuwait-based anti-Daesh ISR sorties, while Brazil modernized its A-1 fleet as the A-1M.
B-2 Spirit, Low-observable strategic heavy bomber, Aircraft & UAVsAircraft & UAVsB-2 SpiritLow-observable strategic heavy bomberSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: No-fly-zone enforcement strikeBuilt: Northrop Grumman / United StatesThe B-2 Spirit is a U.S. Air Force low-observable strategic heavy bomber built by Northrop Grumman for long-range conventional and nuclear strike. Its flying-wing design, intercontinental range, and heavy precision payload made it a central JDAM carrier in Kosovo and a specialized option for later defended or deeply buried targets in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Yemen, and Iran strike operations.
11 remaining

Category

Air Defense

Systems that contest aircraft, missiles, helicopters, and drones.

3/3
ZPU-4 anti-aircraft gun, 14.5 mm quadruple towed anti-aircraft gun, Air DefenseAir DefenseZPU-4 anti-aircraft gun14.5 mm quadruple towed anti-aircraft gunSide: Gaddafi government forcesNational Transitional Council and rebel forcesRole: Technical-mounted anti-aircraft and fire-support weaponBuilt: V. A. Degtyarev Plant (ZiD) / Various manufacturers / Soviet Union / Russia / China / Romania / North KoreaThe ZPU-4 is a Soviet quadruple 14.5 mm anti-aircraft gun built around four KPV/KPVT heavy machine guns on a four-wheel carriage. Museum, monitoring, and open-source records connect the Cold War gun to Vietnam War helicopter defense, Iraqi air defense, Libyan and Syrian pickup-mounted fire support, SPLA-N-held anti-aircraft positions in Sudan, and anti-Houthi Giants Brigades forces in Yemen.
Igla, Man-portable infrared-homing surface-to-air missile system, Air DefenseAir DefenseIglaMan-portable infrared-homing surface-to-air missile systemSide: Gaddafi government forcesRole: Short-range air defense threat to helicoptersBuilt: KB Mashinostroyeniya / Soviet Union / RussiaThe Igla family is a Soviet/Russian shoulder-fired MANPADS built to give small air-defense teams a mobile, infrared-guided weapon against low-flying aircraft, helicopters, drones, and cruise missiles. Documented conflict use and fielding spans Ukrainian mobile air-defense teams, PKK use against a Turkish AH-1W helicopter, Syrian armed-group inventories, RSF fielding in Sudan, and Indian Army Igla-S teams reported in Operation Sindoor coverage.
9K33 Osa, Short-range self-propelled surface-to-air missile system, Air DefenseAir Defense9K33 OsaShort-range self-propelled surface-to-air missile systemSide: Gaddafi government forcesRole: Mobile government air-defense systemBuilt: Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant (IEMZ) / Soviet UnionThe 9K33 Osa, NATO reporting name SA-8 Gecko, is a Soviet short-range self-propelled surface-to-air missile system that combines search radar, tracking radar, command guidance, and ready-to-fire missiles on a single amphibious 6x6 TELAR. Cataloged conflict records show the system across several generations of air-defense use: Syrian Osa-AK vehicles in Lebanon in 1982, Iraqi SA-8s in the Gulf War air-defense network, captured Georgian systems in 2008, rebel-held examples in Syria, Armenian and Ukrainian battlefield use, and Indian OSA-AK service during Operation Sindoor.

Category

Armored Vehicles

Troop carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, and protected mobility.

1/1

Category

Artillery

Tube artillery, rocket artillery, and long-range ground fires.

4/4
9K52 Luna-M artillery rocket system, Artillery rocket system, ArtilleryArtillery9K52 Luna-M artillery rocket systemArtillery rocket systemSide: Gaddafi government forcesRole: Regime rocket launchers targeted by NATO airpowerBuilt: SKB-385 Votkinsk machine-building plant / Soviet UnionThe 9K52 Luna-M, known to NATO as FROG-7, is a Soviet wheeled short-range artillery rocket system built around unguided 9M21 rockets. Its long post-export service record includes Syrian, Iraqi, Libyan, and Houthi-aligned use or fielding in conflicts from the 1973 Yom Kippur War through the Yemen war.
120 mm mortar, Heavy mortar, ArtilleryArtillery120 mm mortarHeavy mortarSide: Gaddafi government forcesRole: Cluster-munition mortar fireBuilt: Various manufacturers / Multiple countriesThe 120 mm mortar is a heavy indirect-fire weapon class used in towed, dismounted, carrier-mounted, recoil-mounted, and turreted forms. Cataloged use spans Ukrainian fire missions near Chasiv Yar, MAT-120 projectiles fired into Misrata, PKK cross-border attacks from Syria, Pakistani Line of Control shelling, and jihadist 120 mm mortar rounds documented in Mali.
120 mm mortar launcher, Heavy mortar launcher, ArtilleryArtillery120 mm mortar launcherHeavy mortar launcherSide: Gaddafi government forcesRole: Urban mortar bombardmentBuilt: Various manufacturers / Multiple countriesA 120 mm mortar launcher is a heavy indirect-fire weapon class used to fire high-angle mortar bombs from a tube, baseplate, and bipod, a towed mount, or a vehicle system. This generic entry is for source-backed cases where public evidence identifies the caliber and mortar role but not a precise national model, including Ukrainian 120-mm mortar fire near Chasiv Yar, probable 120 mm mortar shelling in Yemen, Gaddafi-era use around Misratah, and a Nigerien seizure from Boko Haram fighters.
Improvised launcher for 122mm rockets, Improvised multiple rocket launcher, ArtilleryArtilleryImprovised launcher for 122mm rocketsImprovised multiple rocket launcherSide: National Transitional Council and rebel forcesRole: Improvised mobile area rocket fireBuilt: Unknown local fabricators / Boko Haram-side fabricators / Libya / Nigeria / Lake Chad basinThe improvised launcher for 122mm rockets is a non-standard artillery system assembled from Grad-family rockets, tubes, or captured launch components. Public reporting documents pickup-mounted rebel launchers in the 2011 First Libyan Civil War and a four-tube ISWAP/Boko Haram-side pickup launcher in the 2009 Boko Haram Insurgency, giving irregular forces a mobile but inaccurate area-fire capability from standoff range.

Category

Electronic Warfare

Systems built to sense, relay, jam, deceive, or attack electromagnetic networks.

1/1

Category

Infantry Weapons

Portable weapons used by soldiers and small units.

2/2

Category

Munitions

Standalone missiles, bombs, rockets, torpedoes, and guided or unguided explosive payloads.

8/15
GBU-32 1,000-pound Joint Direct Attack Munition, 1,000-pound GPS/INS-guided bomb kit, MunitionsMunitionsGBU-32 1,000-pound Joint Direct Attack Munition1,000-pound GPS/INS-guided bomb kitSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: Coalition air-strike munitionBuilt: Boeing / United StatesThe GBU-32 1,000-pound Joint Direct Attack Munition is Boeing's GPS/INS JDAM guidance kit applied to the Mk 83 or BLU-110 1,000-pound bomb-body class. JDAM is a conversion kit rather than a stand-alone bomb, and the GBU-32 sits in the middle of the JDAM family between 500-pound and 2,000-pound variants. Direct conflict-use sources connect the GBU-32 to U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, and NATO-led coalition operations in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, and 2014 Operation Inherent Resolve, while OHCHR reported suspected Israeli use of GBU-32 bombs in Gaza strikes during the 2023 Israel-Hamas War.
GBU-16 Paveway II, 1,000-pound laser-guided bomb, MunitionsMunitionsGBU-16 Paveway II1,000-pound laser-guided bombSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: NATO precision strike bombBuilt: Raytheon / Lockheed Martin / United StatesThe GBU-16 Paveway II is the 1,000-pound member of the U.S.-origin Paveway II laser-guided bomb family, combining a Mk 83 or BLU-110-class bomb body with seeker, control, and airfoil kit components. It requires reflected laser energy from a designator rather than autonomous target search, and its documented record spans U.S. Navy carrier aviation, allied operators, and Saudi/UAE-led coalition airstrikes investigated in Yemen.
GBU-31(V)1 Joint Direct Attack Munition, 2,000-pound JDAM bomb, MunitionsMunitionsGBU-31(V)1 Joint Direct Attack Munition2,000-pound JDAM bombSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: NATO precision air-strike munitionBuilt: Boeing / United StatesThe GBU-31(V)1/B Joint Direct Attack Munition is the Mk 84 general-purpose lane of the 2,000-pound JDAM family, combining Boeing's GPS/INS tail-control kit with a 2,000-pound-class bomb body. Official Air Force, Navy, Boeing, and security-assistance sources separate this KMU-556/Mk 84 configuration from BLU-109 penetrator GBU-31 variants, while direct records document exact or Mk 84-specific GBU-31 use in the 2011 Libya air campaign and the 2025 Israel-Iran Conflict.
GBU-10 Paveway II, 2,000-pound laser-guided bomb, MunitionsMunitionsGBU-10 Paveway II2,000-pound laser-guided bombSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: Air-delivered precision strikeBuilt: Raytheon / Lockheed Martin / United StatesThe GBU-10 Paveway II is a U.S.-origin 2,000-pound semi-active laser-guided bomb built around the Paveway II guidance-kit family. It combines a Mk 84-class or BLU-109-class bomb body with laser seeker and control surfaces, and direct sources document its use by U.S., Canadian, Belgian, and NATO aircraft from Desert Storm through Libya in 2011.
GBU-49 Enhanced Paveway II, 500-pound GPS/laser-guided bomb, MunitionsMunitionsGBU-49 Enhanced Paveway II500-pound GPS/laser-guided bombSide: NATO-led coalitionNational Transitional Council and rebel forcesRole: Carrier-based precision strike munitionBuilt: Raytheon / United StatesThe GBU-49 Enhanced Paveway II is a Raytheon 500-pound-class dual-mode guided bomb that adds GPS-aided inertial guidance to a Paveway II laser-guided bomb. U.S., French, and NATO-adjacent sources tie the weapon to Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, and Mali, while official video and contractor releases document MQ-9, F-35A, Mirage 2000D, Rafale, Super Etendard Modernise, and AT-6 carriage or integration contexts.
SCALP-EG, Air-launched cruise missile, MunitionsMunitionsSCALP-EGAir-launched cruise missileSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: Coalition standoff strike against regime airbasesBuilt: MBDA / France / United KingdomSCALP-EG is the French-service member of the Storm Shadow/SCALP air-launched cruise-missile family, an MBDA deep-strike weapon built for pre-planned attacks on high-value fixed targets such as hardened facilities and key infrastructure. French aircraft used SCALP-EG in Libya, Iraq and the 2018 Syria strikes, Ukrainian Su-24 aircraft later carried it as a Western long-range precision-strike option, Indian Rafales were reported to have used SCALP during Operation Sindoor in the 2025 India-Pakistan Conflict, and the UK-France 2025 defence declaration tied new SCALP and Storm Shadow acquisition to production-line upgrades.
Storm Shadow, Air-launched cruise missile, MunitionsMunitionsStorm ShadowAir-launched cruise missileSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: NATO standoff strikeBuilt: MBDA / United Kingdom / FranceStorm Shadow is the UK name for the Franco-British Storm Shadow/SCALP air-launched cruise missile, a low-observable deep-strike weapon built by MBDA for precision attacks on hardened or high-value fixed targets. RAF Tornado GR4s used Storm Shadow from the Iraq War through Libya and the April 2018 U.S., UK, and French strikes in the 2011 Syrian Civil War, UK-supplied missiles later gave Ukraine a longer-range conventional strike option from adapted Su-24 aircraft, UK parliamentary records document Saudi use in Yemen, and the UK-France 2025 defence declaration tied new SCALP and Storm Shadow acquisition to production-line upgrades.
AGM-88 HARM, Air-to-surface anti-radiation missile, MunitionsMunitionsAGM-88 HARMAir-to-surface anti-radiation missileSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: NATO SEAD missileBuilt: Raytheon / United StatesThe AGM-88 HARM is a U.S. air-launched anti-radiation missile family built to home on hostile radar emissions and suppress air-defense networks. The AGM-88B Block II/III line made the missile easier to reprogram and was fired in large numbers during the 1991 Gulf War, while later AGM-88C, AARGM, and AARGM-ER developments extended the family into U.S., NATO, Ukrainian, and Red Sea operations.
7 remaining

Category

Naval Systems

Warships, submarines, unmanned surface vessels, naval craft, and maritime combat systems.

8/12
100 mm/55 Model 1968 CADAM naval gun, 100 mm naval gun mount, Naval SystemsNaval Systems100 mm/55 Model 1968 CADAM naval gun100 mm naval gun mountSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: Naval gunfire supportBuilt: Creusot-Loire / FranceThe 100 mm/55 Model 1968 CADAM naval gun is a French dual-purpose mount from the Creusot-Loire 100 mm family. The Model 1968 introduced a lighter, fully automatic 55-caliber turret with digital fire-control input, the CADAM refit raised the rate of fire to 78 rounds per minute, and the later Model 1968-II/100 TR version equipped La Fayette-class frigates with a lower-signature gunhouse.
OTO Melara 127/54 Compact naval gun, 127 mm automatic naval gun mount, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsOTO Melara 127/54 Compact naval gun127 mm automatic naval gun mountSide: NATO-led coalitionBuilt: OTO Melara / Leonardo / ItalyThe OTO Melara 127/54 Compact is an Italian 127 mm automatic naval gun mount for frigates and destroyers, using a water-cooled 54-caliber barrel, automatic ammunition handling, and 66 ready-use rounds in three selectable drums. It served across Italian and export surface combatants and later formed part of Leonardo's Vulcano V-kit upgrade path for ships retaining the previous 127/54 C gun.
Horizon class / Forbin-class frigate, Air-defense frigate class, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsHorizon class / Forbin-class frigateAir-defense frigate classSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: UnknownBuilt: Fincantieri / Naval Group / France / ItalyThe Horizon class is a French-Italian air-defense frigate/destroyer family built by Naval Group and Fincantieri for the French and Italian navies. The four 153-meter ships center on PAAMS, Aster missiles, long-range surveillance radar, and fleet air-defense command-and-control, with Chevalier Paul directly documented in Libya's 2011 intervention and as a Charles de Gaulle carrier-group escort during anti-ISIS operations.
Project 1234 Ovod / Nanuchka-class missile corvette, Guided missile corvette family, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsProject 1234 Ovod / Nanuchka-class missile corvetteGuided missile corvette familySide: Gaddafi government forcesRole: Regime naval asset struck during NATO maritime interdictionBuilt: Almaz Shipyard / Vympel Shipyard / Soviet UnionProject 1234 Ovod, known in NATO reporting as the Nanuchka class, is a Soviet guided-missile corvette family built around a compact high-speed hull with heavy anti-ship missile armament. Soviet Project 1234 and 12341 ships carried P-120 Malakhit missiles and an Osa-M point-defense launcher, while export Project 1234E boats carried P-15/P-20 Termit missiles; documented combat losses connect Libyan export hulls to the 1986 Gulf of Sidra fighting, NATO's 2011 Libya campaign, and the 2014 Benghazi fighting.
Ohio-class guided-missile submarine, Guided-missile submarine, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsOhio-class guided-missile submarineGuided-missile submarineSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: Submarine-launched Tomahawk strike platformBuilt: General Dynamics / United StatesThe Ohio-class guided-missile submarine is the U.S. Navy's converted SSGN platform for large Tomahawk strike loads, clandestine command-and-control, and special-operations support. Four former Ohio ballistic-missile submarines were refueled and converted in the 2000s, giving each boat up to 154 Tomahawk land-attack missiles plus space for SOF teams and equipment. The class has documented strike use in Libya in 2011 and in the 2020 United States-Iran Conflict during Operation Midnight Hammer.
Mistral-class landing helicopter dock, Landing helicopter dock, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsMistral-class landing helicopter dockLanding helicopter dockSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: Sea-based helicopter strike and command supportBuilt: Naval Group / FranceThe Mistral class is a French landing helicopter dock family built around amphibious lift, command spaces, aviation facilities, and hospital support for force-projection and evacuation missions. French Navy source material lists 199 m length, 32 m beam, a 21,500-ton displacement, a 16-helicopter aviation fit, and a 69-bed hospital; operational records tie the class to French evacuation support off Lebanon in 2006 and helicopter strike support off Libya in 2011.
Hunt class, Mine countermeasures vessel class, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsHunt classMine countermeasures vessel classSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: Maritime mine clearance for humanitarian sea accessBuilt: Vosper Thornycroft / Yarrow Shipbuilders / United KingdomThe Hunt class is a British mine countermeasures vessel class built by Vosper Thornycroft and Yarrow Shipbuilders for low-signature minehunting, route clearance, and coastal patrol work. Royal Navy and Ministry of Defence sources document HMS Brocklesby clearing mined approaches in the Gulf, Iraq, and Libya, while the remaining Royal Navy ships use sonar, clearance divers, glass-reinforced plastic hulls, and SeaFox mine-disposal vehicles to find and neutralize mines.
Hunt class mine countermeasure vessel, Mine countermeasures vessel class, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsHunt class mine countermeasure vesselMine countermeasures vessel classSide: NATO-led coalitionRole: Maritime mine clearance for humanitarian sea accessBuilt: Vosper Thornycroft / Yarrow Shipbuilders / United KingdomThe Hunt class is a British mine countermeasures vessel class built primarily by Vosper Thornycroft, with some hulls built by Yarrow Shipbuilders, for low-signature mine-hunting and clearance work. Royal Navy and Ministry of Defence sources document HMS Brocklesby clearing a mined channel into Umm Qasr during the 2003 Iraq War and destroying a mine near Misurata during the 2011 Libya campaign with sonar and the SeaFox mine disposal system.
4 remaining

Category

Support Equipment

Transport, logistics, recovery, command, engineering, and other enabling equipment.

2/2

Conflict Sources

  • Libya Revolt of 2011 - BritannicaPublisher: Encyclopaedia Britannica | Note: Supports the 2011 Libyan uprising, the civil-war timeline, and the collapse of the Gaddafi regime. | Accessed: 2026-06-26