GBU-31(V)1 Joint Direct Attack Munition

Conflict Usage

Israel-Hamas War

Side: IsraelRole: Heavy precision strike bombprecision firesstrikedeep strike

In the Israel-Hamas War, OHCHR said approximately nine GBU-31s were used in the 2 December 2023 Ash Shujaiyeh strike in Gaza City.

United States-Iran Conflict

Side: United StatesRole: Stand-in precision strike bombprecision firesstrike

In the United States-Iran Conflict, CENTCOM said it shifted to stand-in precision strikes overhead Iran using Joint Direct Attack Munitions during Operation Epic Fury.

Yemen Civil War

Side: Yemeni government and coalition forcesRole: Coalition airstrike precision bombprecision firesstrike

In the Yemen Civil War, Human Rights Watch reported that remnants from the March 2016 Mastaba market strike included a GBU-31 satellite-guided bomb made from a U.S.-supplied Mk 84 body and JDAM kit used in a Saudi-led coalition airstrike.

GBU-31(V)1 Joint Direct Attack Munition Images

Related Weapon Systems

Aircraft & UAVsGBU-31(V)3/B Joint Direct Attack Munition2,000-pound GPS/INS-guided hard-target penetrator bombThe GBU-31(V)3/B is the hard-target penetrator variant of the 2,000-pound Joint Direct Attack Munition, pairing a Boeing JDAM GPS/INS tail kit with the BLU-109 penetrator bomb body. In the United States-Iran Conflict, official U.S. reporting described Strategic Command bombers using 2,000-pound GPS penetrating weapons against deeply buried Iranian missile-launcher targets during Operation Epic Fury.

Aircraft & UAVsGBU-32 1,000-pound Joint Direct Attack Munition1,000-pound GPS/INS-guided bomb kitThe GBU-32 1,000-pound Joint Direct Attack Munition is Boeing's GPS/INS guidance kit for the Mk 83 or BLU-110 bomb body. In the Israel-Hamas War, OHCHR reported suspected Israeli use of GBU-32 bombs in Gaza strikes during the October to December 2023 period it reviewed.

MunitionsAGM-154 JSOWAir-launched guided glide bombThe AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon is a U.S.-built, 1,000-pound-class air-launched guided glide bomb that gives carrier and tactical aircraft a GPS/INS-guided standoff option against fixed land targets. In the Yemen Civil War archive it is represented through documented U.S. Navy F/A-18 loadouts for strikes against Houthi forces during the 2025 Red Sea escalation.

MunitionsMk 84 Mod 4 2,000-pound unguided bomb2,000-pound unguided general-purpose bombThe Mk 84 Mod 4 is a U.S. 2,000-pound general-purpose bomb body in the Mark 80 family, used as a heavy unguided air-delivered strike weapon and as the basis for guided bomb kits. Researchers and conflict investigations have documented Mk 84-class bombs in recent air campaigns, including Israeli use in Gaza and Saudi-led coalition use during the Yemen Civil War.

Aircraft & UAVsMQ-9 ReaperMedium-altitude long-endurance unmanned combat aerial vehicleThe MQ-9 Reaper is a General Atomics medium-altitude, long-endurance remotely piloted aircraft built for persistent intelligence collection and precision strike. Larger and more powerful than the MQ-1 Predator, it combines satellite control, electro-optical and infrared sensors, laser designation, and weapons such as Hellfire missiles and guided bombs, making it a recurring U.S. and coalition platform in counterterrorism, maritime-security, and regional-strike operations.

MunitionsAGM-114 Hellfire missile familyAir-to-surface missile familyThe AGM-114 Hellfire is a U.S. air-to-surface missile family used from helicopters and UAVs for precision strikes against armored vehicles, point targets, and selected high-value personnel. Its AGM-114R9X variant replaces the explosive warhead with a kinetic blade assembly, and AP reported evidence of a suspected R9X strike near Marib during the Yemen Civil War.

Sources