Category catalog

Tanks Weapon Systems

Heavy armor built around direct fire, protection, and battlefield shock.

This category covers tracked main battle tanks represented in the catalog, including Soviet, Ukrainian, German, and U.S. designs.

Entries focus on battlefield role, protection, armament, production background, and the conflict context attached to each tank record.

42 weapon systems

Category

Tanks

Heavy armor built around direct fire, protection, and battlefield shock.

42/42
115 mm U-5TS, 115 mm smoothbore tank gun, Tanks115 mm U-5TS115 mm smoothbore tank gunSide: UnknownBuilt: Artillery Plant No. 9 / Perm Machine-Building Plant / Barrikady / Soviet UnionThe 115 mm U-5TS, also designated 2A20, is the Soviet smoothbore tank gun built around the T-62 main battle tank. It shifted Soviet tank armament from the earlier 100 mm rifled gun line to a high-velocity 115 mm smoothbore weapon, with manual loading, a bore evacuator, no muzzle brake, and ammunition families that included APFSDS, HEAT, high-explosive fragmentation, and later gun-launched missile options.
120mm Giat CN120-26, 120 mm L/52 smoothbore tank gun, Tanks120mm Giat CN120-26120 mm L/52 smoothbore tank gunSide: UnknownBuilt: KNDS France / FranceThe 120mm Giat CN120-26 is the French L/52 smoothbore tank gun built for the Leclerc main battle tank. Forecast International identifies GIAT Industries as the sole-source contractor for the CN-120 F1 program, while Weaponsystems.net lists the gun as a French EFAB de Bourges development with a vertical sliding breech, autoloader feed in the Leclerc installation, NATO 120 mm ammunition compatibility, and more than 800 examples produced.
125 mm 2A46, 125 mm smoothbore tank gun, Tanks125 mm 2A46125 mm smoothbore tank gunSide: UnknownBuilt: Artillery Plant No. 9 / Motovilikha Plants / Soviet Union / RussiaThe 125 mm 2A46, factory-designated D-81TM, is the Soviet smoothbore tank-gun family that superseded the early 2A26 line and became the standard main-armament lineage for many later Soviet and Russian main battle tanks. This relationship-only component page documents the gun's identity, variants, carrier tanks, builders, ammunition context, and media without inheriting the conflict rows of T-72, T-80, or T-90 carrier records.
T-90S/T-90SA tank, Export main battle tank, Tanks2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 2014 Russia-Ukraine WarT-90S/T-90SA tankExport main battle tankSide: AzerbaijanRussiaBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / RussiaThe T-90S/T-90SA tank page covers the export branch of Russia's T-90 main battle tank family, centered on the T-90S marketed by Rosoboronexport and the T-90SA designation seen in export service. Azerbaijan fielded T-90S-family tanks in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh fighting, while Russian T-90S losses have also been visually documented in Ukraine; the record keeps subvariant labels conservative where sources identify only T-90S.
M26 Pershing, Heavy tank at introduction; later reclassified as a medium tank, TanksM26 PershingHeavy tank at introduction; later reclassified as a medium tankSide: UnknownBuilt: Fisher Tank Arsenal; Detroit Tank Arsenal / United StatesThe M26 Pershing was the U.S. Army's late-World War II T26E3 tank, standardized as the M26 in March 1945 and reclassified as a medium tank in May 1946. It replaced Sherman-era compromises with a 90 mm M3 gun, torsion-bar suspension, heavier armor, and a five-person layout, but its Ford GAF powertrain left it underpowered for its weight and the drivetrain-improved M46 Patton carried the layout into the postwar Patton line.
Challenger 2, Main battle tank, Tanks2003 Iraq War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine WarChallenger 2Main battle tankSide: United States and coalition forcesUkraineBuilt: Vickers Defence Systems / BAE Systems / Rheinmetall / United KingdomThe Challenger 2 is a British third-generation main battle tank built around a rifled 120 mm gun, heavy composite armor, and four-person crew operations. It served with British forces in the 2003 Iraq War and later became one of the first Western main battle tanks transferred to Ukraine during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
Leopard 1, Main battle tank, Tanks1992 Bosnian War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine WarLeopard 1Main battle tankSide: Bosnian government and allied forcesUkraineBuilt: Krauss-Maffei Wegmann / GermanyThe Leopard 1 is West Germany's first postwar main battle tank family, built around a 105 mm L7-series gun, high mobility, and upgradeable fire-control equipment rather than heavy passive armor. The family became a long-running NATO and export tank line, with A5-family vehicles documented in Danish Bosnia service and later refurbished for Ukraine as easier-to-maintain mobile direct-fire tanks.
Leopard 1A5, Main battle tank, Tanks1992 Bosnian War, 2014 Russia-Ukraine WarLeopard 1A5Main battle tankSide: Bosnian government and allied forcesUkraineBuilt: Krauss-Maffei Wegmann / GermanyThe Leopard 1A5 is the late fire-control modernization of Germany's Leopard 1 main battle tank, retaining the 105 mm L7-series gun while adding thermal sighting, laser ranging, and ballistic-computer upgrades. Danish A5 DK tanks saw direct conflict use in Bosnia in the 1990s, and refurbished A5-family vehicles later entered Ukrainian service as mobile direct-fire support tanks with better sighting and logistics than many older Soviet designs but far less protection than Leopard 2 variants.
Leopard 2, Main battle tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +1 moreLeopard 2Main battle tankSide: UkraineTurkeyUnited States, NATO, and Afghan government forcesBuilt: Krauss-Maffei Wegmann / Rheinmetall / GermanyThe Leopard 2 is Germany's long-running NATO-standard main battle tank family, built around Rheinmetall 120 mm smooth-bore guns, modular protection, and repeated fire-control upgrades. The A4 became the widely exported baseline branch, the A6/A6M brought the longer L55 gun and mine-protection changes into combat service, and later A7/A8 work adds digital systems, programmable ammunition, and active-protection integration. Combat documentation spans Canadian A6M use in Afghanistan, Turkish A4 losses in Syria, and donor-supplied Leopard 2A4, Leopard 2A6, and Strv 122 tanks in Ukrainian service.
M-84A4 Sniper, Main battle tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine WarM-84A4 SniperMain battle tankSide: UkraineBuilt: Đuro Đaković Special Vehicles / CroatiaThe M-84A4 Sniper is a Croatian upgrade of the Yugoslav M-84 main battle tank, itself derived from the Soviet T-72 family. The variant keeps the three-crew, autoloaded 125 mm tank layout while emphasizing improved fire control, day/night sighting, communications, and Croatian M-84 fleet modernization; Croatian officials confirmed M-84 transfers to Ukraine, and Ukrainian 141st Mechanized Brigade crews later appeared with vehicles identified in defense reporting as M-84A4 Snajper tanks during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.
M1 Abrams, Main battle tank, Tanks1990 Gulf War, 2003 Iraq War +6 moreM1 AbramsMain battle tankSide: Coalition forcesUnited States and coalition forcesUnited States, NATO, and Afghan government forcesEgyptian governmentUkraineIraqi government and coalition forcesAnti-ISIS coalition and partner forcesYemeni government and Saudi-led coalition forcesBuilt: General Dynamics / United StatesA U.S. tracked main battle tank family that evolved from the original 105 mm M1 into 120 mm M1A1, export-upgrade, M1A2 SEP, and planned M1E3 modernization paths, with documented combat use from Desert Storm through Ukraine.
M60A3 tank, Main battle tank, Tanks2011 Sinai Insurgency, 2011 Syrian Civil War +1 moreM60A3 tankMain battle tankSide: Egyptian governmentTurkeyRepublic of ChinaBuilt: Chrysler Defense; General Dynamics Land Systems / United StatesThe M60A3 is the final major U.S. production upgrade of the M60 main battle tank family, pairing the 105 mm M68E1 gun with laser rangefinding, a solid-state ballistic computer, crosswind sensing, and the later Tank Thermal Sight configuration. The cataloged conflict record covers Egyptian Sinai security deployments, Turkish cross-border use in Syria, and Republic of China crisis-response drills during the 2022 Taiwan Strait escalation.
Merkava Mk 3 main battle tank, Main battle tank, Tanks2006 Lebanon War, 2023 Israel-Hamas WarMerkava Mk 3 main battle tankMain battle tankSide: IsraelBuilt: Merkava and Armored Vehicles Directorate (MANTAK) / IsraelThe Merkava Mk 3 is Israel's third-generation Merkava main battle tank, pairing the family front-engine layout with a 120 mm IMI MG251 smoothbore gun, modular armor, and the Knight Mk III fire-control system. Its combat record spans Hezbollah anti-tank missile fighting in the 2006 Lebanon War and later reserve-force use by the Mk 3-equipped 188th Brigade during the 2023 Israel-Hamas War.
Merkava Mk 4 main battle tank, Main battle tank, Tanks2006 Lebanon War, 2014 Gaza War +1 moreMerkava Mk 4 main battle tankMain battle tankSide: IsraelBuilt: Merkava and Armored Vehicles Directorate (MANTAK) / IsraelThe Merkava Mk 4 is Israel's fourth-generation front-engine main battle tank, built through the Merkava and Armored Vehicles Directorate around a 120 mm smoothbore gun, modular protection, and later Trophy active protection. Its combat record spans 2006 Lebanon armored maneuver, Trophy-equipped Mk 4M operations in Gaza in 2014, and documented Mk 4 Barak use during the 2023 Israel-Hamas War.
PT-91 Twardy, Main battle tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine WarPT-91 TwardyMain battle tankSide: UkraineBuilt: Bumar-Labedy / PolandThe PT-91 Twardy is a Polish T-72M1-derived main battle tank from Bumar-Labedy, combining the familiar three-crew 125 mm autoloaded layout with domestic ERAWA reactive armor, Drawa-family fire-control improvements, and Polish powerpack options. The family also includes the Malaysian PT-91M Pendekar export branch with a 1,000 hp-class powerpack and revised fire-control package, while Ukraine's wartime examples are Polish-supplied T-72-family tanks used for direct armored fire against Russian positions.
Strv 122, Main battle tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine WarStrv 122Main battle tankSide: UkraineBuilt: Krauss-Maffei Wegmann / BAE Systems Bofors / Alvis Hagglunds / Germany / SwedenThe Strv 122, formally Stridsvagn 122, is Sweden's Leopard 2-based main battle tank, adapted for Swedish service with a four-person crew, a 120 mm smoothbore gun, 7.62 mm machine guns, smoke launchers, reinforced protection, and a digital command-support system. Sweden donated about ten tanks to Ukraine in 2023, trained Ukrainian crews in Sweden, and later contracted to modernize its remaining Strv 122 fleet into the Strv 123A standard while buying new Leopard 2A8-based Strv 123B tanks.
T-62, Main battle tank, Tanks1973 Yom Kippur War, 1979 Soviet-Afghan War +7 moreT-62Main battle tankSide: EgyptSoviet Union and Afghan government forcesIraqRussiaSyrian government and alliesLibyan National ArmyTigray forcesHouthi-aligned forcesBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / Soviet UnionThe T-62 is a Soviet main battle tank built around a 115 mm U-5TS/2A20 smoothbore gun, a four-person crew, and a conventional tracked armor layout inherited from the T-54/T-55 design line. Produced in large numbers by Uralvagonzavod, it moved from Cold War export and Soviet service into long-tail combat use: Egyptian and Iraqi T-62s appear in 1970s and 1991 conflict records, while upgraded or inherited T-62M/T-62MV stocks reappeared in Syria, Libya, Ukraine, Tigray, and Yemen.
T-64, Main battle tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine WarT-64Main battle tankSide: UkraineRussiaBuilt: Malyshev Factory / Soviet tank plants / Soviet Union / UkraineThe T-64 is the Kharkiv-designed Soviet main battle tank family that introduced a compact three-person layout, automatic loading, composite armor, and later 125 mm smoothbore armament into Soviet service. Ukraine inherited and modernized large T-64 stocks, while the Russia-Ukraine War has documented T-64-family tanks in Ukrainian service and among Russian-side or separatist equipment.
T-72, Main battle tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +7 moreT-72Main battle tankSide: RussiaUkraineSyrian government and alliesAzerbaijanArmenia / ArtsakhHouthi-aligned forcesIraqIraqi government and security forcesChechen separatist forcesGeorgiaRussia and South Ossetian forcesBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / Various manufacturers / Soviet Union / Russia / licensed producersThe T-72 is a Soviet main battle tank family built around a three-person crew, an autoloaded 125 mm gun, and a compact tracked chassis that entered Soviet service in 1974. Its long production run, licensed derivatives, and post-Soviet stockpiles made it a recurring armored vehicle in Iraq, Chechnya, Georgia, Syria, Yemen, Nagorno-Karabakh, and the Russia-Ukraine War.
T-72B, Main battle tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine WarT-72BMain battle tankSide: RussiaUkraineBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / Soviet Union / RussiaThe T-72B is a late Soviet T-72 main battle tank variant that paired the three-person, autoloaded T-72 layout with improved turret and glacis protection, a 2A46M 125 mm gun-launcher, and 9K120 Svir guided-missile capability. In the Russia-Ukraine War it appears both as an older Russian tank type documented in battlefield-loss records and as overhauled Czech-industry stocks financed by the United States and the Netherlands for Ukraine.
T-72M1, Main battle tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine WarT-72M1Main battle tankSide: UkraineBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / Bumar-Labedy / ZTS Dubnica nad Vahom / Soviet Union / Poland / CzechoslovakiaThe T-72M1 is a T-72A-derived export and licensed-production main battle tank built around a three-person crew, an autoloaded 125 mm gun, improved turret protection, and an added glacis armor plate compared with earlier T-72M export tanks. Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Soviet production made the model common in Warsaw Pact and export inventories, and Polish, Czech, and Bulgarian stocks became part of Ukraine's armored force during the full-scale phase of the Russia-Ukraine War.
T-80, Main battle tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Yemen Civil War +1 moreT-80Main battle tankSide: RussiaUkraineHouthi-aligned forcesBuilt: Leningrad Kirov Plant / Omsktransmash / Malyshev Factory / Soviet Union / Russia / UkraineThe T-80 is a Soviet-designed main battle tank built around a compact three-man layout, autoloaded 125 mm gun, and gas-turbine mobility in most major variants. It has appeared in very different combat settings: Russian T-80s fought in Grozny during the 1994 First Chechen War, Russia and Ukraine both operate T-80-family tanks in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, and Houthi-aligned forces have displayed T-80BV tanks in Yemen.
T-84 Oplot, Main battle tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2025 Thailand-Cambodia Border ConflictT-84 OplotMain battle tankSide: UkraineThailandBuilt: Malyshev Plant / Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau / UkraineThe T-84 Oplot is a Ukrainian main battle tank from the Kharkiv T-80UD diesel lineage, built around a three-person crew, autoloaded 125 mm KBA3 gun, 1,200 hp 6TD-series diesel powerpack, modular armor, and Ukrainian fire-control and countermeasure upgrades. Ukraine kept only a very small domestic fleet, while Thailand received the larger Oplot-T export batch; both Ukrainian BM Oplot and Thai Oplot-T tanks have direct conflict-use documentation in the catalog.
T-90, Main battle tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil WarT-90Main battle tankSide: RussiaUkraineSyrian government and alliesOpposition and anti-government forcesIslamic State and jihadist groupsBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / RussiaThe T-90 is a Russian main battle tank family developed from the late Soviet T-72B line and built by Uralvagonzavod. This baseline page covers the original T-90 and Russian-service T-90A/T-90AK branch, separating it from the catalog's export T-90S/T-90SA and modernized T-90M records. Direct conflict evidence places T-90A-family tanks with Russian forces in eastern Ukraine and in the full-scale Russia-Ukraine War, and with Syrian government forces and later captured users during the Syrian Civil War.
T-90M, Main battle tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine WarT-90MMain battle tankSide: RussiaBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / RussiaThe T-90M Proryv-3 is Russia's upgraded T-90 main battle tank, combining a revised turret, 125 mm gun, Relikt explosive reactive armor, modernized sights, and improved mobility. Publicly shown in 2017 and first delivered to Russian units in 2020, it became one of Russia's most modern operational tanks in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, where open-source imagery has documented losses, damage, abandonment, captures, and wartime field modifications.
T-54/T-55, Main battle tank / medium tank family, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2009 Boko Haram Insurgency +7 moreT-54/T-55Main battle tank / medium tank familySide: RussiaBoko Haram and ISWAPLibyan National ArmySyrian government and alliesAzerbaijanHouthi-aligned forcesNorth Vietnam and Viet CongIraqSudanese Armed ForcesBuilt: Uralvagonzavod / Kharkiv Locomotive Factory / Various manufacturers / Soviet Union / Poland / CzechoslovakiaThe T-54/T-55 is a Soviet tank family built around a low-profile tracked hull, four-person crew, and 100 mm D-10-series gun. It became one of the most widely produced tank families of the Cold War, with Soviet and licensed production spreading across Warsaw Pact and partner states. Direct conflict sourcing traces the family from North Vietnamese T-54 use in the 1975 fall of Saigon and Iraqi T-55s in the Gulf War to recent secondary fire-support, capture, and loss contexts in Ukraine, Yemen, Libya, Syria, Nagorno-Karabakh, Nigeria, and Sudan.
T-34/85 Tank, Medium tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Yemen Civil WarT-34/85 TankMedium tankSide: RussiaUkraineYemeni government and Saudi-led coalition forcesHouthi-aligned forcesBuilt: Soviet state tank factories / Polish and Czechoslovak manufacturers / Soviet Union / Poland / CzechoslovakiaThe T-34/85 is the 85 mm-gun version of the Soviet T-34 medium tank, built in large numbers in the Soviet Union and later in Poland and Czechoslovakia. Its modern relevance comes from isolated post-Cold War survival rather than contemporary capability: sources document reactivated Yemeni tanks used as mobile direct-fire support and exceptional 2014 Russia-Ukraine War appearances involving recovered monument vehicles.
Tanque Argentino Mediano, Medium tank / light main battle tank, TanksTanque Argentino MedianoMedium tank / light main battle tankSide: UnknownBuilt: Thyssen-Henschel / West Germany / ArgentinaThe Tanque Argentino Mediano, commonly abbreviated TAM, is an Argentine medium tank and armored-vehicle family designed by Thyssen-Henschel with Argentine technical participation to meet local mobility, infrastructure, and industrial-production requirements. The original tank used Marder-family technology with a 105 mm gun on a low-weight tracked chassis, was assembled in Argentina through the TAMSE program, and later became the basis for Argentine modernization work including the TAM 2C and TAM 2C-A2.
M4 Sherman, Second World War medium tank family, TanksSecond World War, 1971 Indo-Pakistani WarM4 ShermanSecond World War medium tank familySide: Allied PowersPakistanBuilt: Fisher Tank Arsenal; Detroit Tank Arsenal / United StatesThe M4 Sherman was the principal U.S. medium tank family of the Second World War, built around mass production, mechanical reliability, and a turreted gun tank layout adaptable to multiple engines, hulls, guns, and specialist conversions. Allied armies used Shermans in every major theater, while U.S. industrial plants turned the design into a high-volume armored-vehicle standard.
M60A1 Patton, Second-generation main battle tank, Tanks1973 Yom Kippur War, 1980 Iran-Iraq War +3 moreM60A1 PattonSecond-generation main battle tankSide: IsraelIranCoalition forcesYemeni government and Saudi-led coalition forcesBuilt: Detroit Tank Arsenal / United StatesThe M60A1 Patton is a U.S.-origin main battle tank built around the 105 mm M68 gun, a four-person crew, and a redesigned long turret with heavier protection than the original M60. Israeli Magach 6A tanks, Iranian M60A1s, and U.S. Marine Corps M60A1s give the type a documented combat record from the 1973 Yom Kippur War through the 1990 Gulf War, while exported vehicles such as Yemen's pre-war inventory kept it visible in later conflicts.
Tanks, model not publicly identified, Tank, model not publicly identified, Tanks2019 India-Pakistan Border SkirmishesTanks, model not publicly identifiedTank, model not publicly identifiedSide: PakistanBuilt: Not publicly identified / UnknownPakistan Army tanks were reported on the Line of Control and the international border during the 27 February 2019 escalation, but public reporting did not identify the vehicle model. This record therefore treats the item as an unidentified tank-class system and limits the conflict claim to sourced border reinforcement and direct-fire context.
Leclerc tank, Third-generation main battle tank, Tanks2014 Yemen Civil WarLeclerc tankThird-generation main battle tankSide: Yemeni government and Saudi-led coalition forcesBuilt: GIAT Industries / Nexter / KNDS France / FranceThe Leclerc is a French third-generation main battle tank built around a 120 mm smoothbore gun, autoloader, three-person crew, and high power-to-weight mobility. In the 2014 Yemen Civil War, UAE-operated Leclercs gave coalition forces heavy protected direct fire during armored pushes around Aden, Al Anad, and later western-coast operations.
FV101 Scorpion light tank, Tracked light tank / reconnaissance vehicle, Tanks1980 Iran-Iraq War, 1982 Falklands War +2 moreFV101 Scorpion light tankTracked light tank / reconnaissance vehicleSide: IranUnited KingdomCoalition forcesBoko Haram and ISWAPBuilt: Alvis / United KingdomThe FV101 Scorpion is a British CVR(T) light tank and reconnaissance vehicle built by Alvis around a 76 mm gun, high road speed, and a light aluminum hull. The catalog record covers Iranian Scorpion-family use in the Iran-Iraq War, British FV101 Scorpion use in the 1982 Falklands War and 1990 Gulf War, and later Boko Haram possession in the Lake Chad basin.
M-55S, Upgraded T-55 main battle tank, Tanks2014 Russia-Ukraine WarM-55SUpgraded T-55 main battle tankSide: UkraineBuilt: ST Ravne / SloveniaThe M-55S is Slovenia's modernized T-55 main battle tank, rebuilt by ST Ravne with a 105 mm gun, explosive reactive armor, fire-control upgrades, laser-warning equipment, and NATO-compatible ammunition. During the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, Slovenia committed 28 of the scarce upgraded tanks to Ukraine through a ring exchange with Germany, turning a reserve Cold War chassis into a Western-supported Ukrainian fire-support vehicle.
T-55AM-2, Upgraded T-55 main battle tank, Tanks1983 Sri Lankan Civil WarT-55AM-2Upgraded T-55 main battle tankSide: Sri Lankan government forcesBuilt: Various manufacturers / Czechoslovakia / Czech RepublicThe T-55AM-2 is a Czechoslovak T-55 modernization that added passive BDD applique armor, side skirts, smoke dischargers, improved mobility equipment, modern radios, and the Kladivo fire-control lineage while retaining the manually loaded 100 mm D-10-series gun. Sri Lankan Army records document T 55 AM 2/AM II tanks arriving for the 4th Armoured Regiment before the final phase of the 1983 Sri Lankan Civil War, where the regiment used tank squadrons for assault, defensive holding, and direct-fire support.