Armas de infantería

FGM-148 Javelin

Also known as
  • Javelin
  • FGM-148
  • Sistema de armas Javelin
  • AAWS-M
  • Sistema avanzado de armas antitanque medio
  • Sistema de misiles de combate cercano Javelin

El FGM-148 Javelin es un sistema estadounidense de misiles guiados antitanque de disparar y olvidar, construido alrededor de una unidad reutilizable de lanzamiento de mando y un tubo de misil desechable. Desarrollado a partir del linaje AAWS-M / Tank Breaker del Army, entro en servicio estadounidense en 1996 y sigue siendo destacado por sus modos de ataque superior y fuego directo, su buscador infrarrojo de imagen, su integracion para lanzamiento desde vehiculos y su uso de combate documentado desde Iraq y Afganistan hasta Ucrania.

FGM-148 Javelin, Sistema portatil de misiles guiados antitanque, Armas de infantería
Image source: FGM-148 Javelin image, U.S. Army release 061024-A-0497K-004

Role in Conflicts

2014 Russia-Ukraine War
Anti-Armor

Suministrado a la infanteria ucraniana como arma antiblindaje portatil de disparar y olvidar; analisis del U.S. Army describe a soldados ucranianos moviles usando Javelin contra tanques y vehiculos mecanizados rusos durante la invasion a gran escala.

Role details
2014 Second Libyan Civil War
Role in conflict
Cache de misiles capturado

En 2019, combatientes pro-GNA mostraron misiles FGM-148 Javelin capturados en un complejo vinculado al LNA cerca de Tripoli; Francia dijo que los misiles pertenecian a fuerzas francesas, estaban danados e inutilizables, y no habian sido transferidos para uso libio.

Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Estados Unidos
Type
Sistema portatil de misiles guiados antitanque
Service note
1996-presente
Designer
Texas Instruments / Martin Marietta
Designed
1989
Produced
1996-present
Number built
Mas de 45.000 misiles y 12.000 unidades de lanzamiento de mando reportados por Javelin Joint Venture en 2019
Developed from
AAWS-M / programa DARPA Tank Breaker

Specifications

Dotacion
1-2 operadores
Longitud
Misil de aproximadamente 1,2 m; tubo de lanzamiento de unos 119,8 cm; diametro del misil de 127 mm
Peso
Peso de lanzamiento de aproximadamente 22,1 kg; la ficha de producto actual lista misil de 11,8 kg, CLU de 7,0 kg y proyectil de 15,5 kg
Alcance
CSIS lista 2,5 km, o 4,5 km con Lightweight CLU; Lockheed Martin lista de 65 m a 4 km en la mayoria de condiciones operativas
Ojiva
Ojiva HEAT de carga en tandem de 8,4 kg con perfiles de ataque superior o ataque directo
Buscador
Buscador infrarrojo pasivo de imagen con blocaje antes del lanzamiento y guia autonoma de disparar y olvidar
Miras de la CLU
Mira diurna 4x y mira termica 4x o 12x en la ficha de producto actual de Lockheed Martin
Perfiles de ataque
Modos de ataque superior y ataque directo
Modernizacion del lanzador
Se informa que la LWCLU es 30% mas pequena y 25% mas ligera que la CLU heredada, con el doble de alcance de deteccion y reconocimiento de blancos
Launcher And Missile Architecture

El Javelin se entiende mejor como un sistema de armas y no como un unico misil: la unidad reutilizable de lanzamiento de mando encuentra y fija blancos, mientras que el conjunto desechable del tubo de lanzamiento porta el misil.

ElementoFuncionNota para el lector
Unidad de lanzamiento de mandoInterfaz reutilizable de mira y lanzadorLa CLU proporciona al tirador capacidad diurna, nocturna y de vigilancia antes del disparo.
Conjunto de tubo de lanzamientoContenedor desechable del misilEl tubo protege el misil antes del disparo y se acopla a la CLU para el lanzamiento.
MisilMunicion guiada de disparar y olvidarEl buscador infrarrojo de imagen fija el blanco antes del lanzamiento, lo que permite al operador moverse tras disparar.
Lightweight CLULanzador modernizadoLa LWCLU esta disenada para sustituir a la CLU heredada mientras mantiene compatibilidad con variantes actuales, pasadas y futuras de misiles Javelin.

Respaldado por: Raytheon Javelin Weapon System; Javelin; First Javelin Lightweight Command Launch Units delivered to the U.S. Army.

Variants

Las designaciones Javelin cubren misiles, unidades de lanzamiento reutilizables y mejoras de bloque, no una unica linea de modelos similar a la de un vehiculo.

VariantConfigurationDesignation notes
FGM-148AMisil de produccion inicial

CSIS identifica el modelo A como el modelo original de produccion inicial a baja cadencia introducido en 1996.

Sources: FGM-148 Javelin

Block 1 / FGM-148ERuta de modernizacion de media vida para misil y CLU

Block 1 entro en produccion en 2006; CSIS identifica el modelo E posterior como la designacion de produccion Spiral 1.

Sources: FGM-148 Javelin

FGM-148FMisil con ojiva multiproposito

El modelo F sustituyo al FGM-148E Block I en la produccion inicial a plena cadencia y anade una ojiva multiproposito avanzada con una carcasa de acero fragmentable para blancos blandos y blindaje ligero.

Sources: Raytheon/Lockheed Martin F-Model Missile Contract

FGM-148GModernizacion de misil en desarrollo

DOT&E describe el modelo G como un esfuerzo de modernizacion separado con un nuevo conjunto de tubo de lanzamiento, unidad electronica de bateria, unidad electronica de guia y buscador; los misiles de produccion recibiran la designacion FGM-148G tras una calificacion exitosa.

Sources: Javelin Antitank Missile System - Medium FY2025

Lightweight Command Launch UnitLanzador de proxima generacion

La LWCLU sustituye a la CLU heredada, mantiene compatibilidad con variantes actuales, pasadas y futuras de misiles Javelin, y reduce el tamano y peso del lanzador mientras mejora el alcance de deteccion y reconocimiento.

Sources: First Javelin Lightweight Command Launch Units delivered to the U.S. Army

Plataformas de lanzamiento vehiculares

El Javelin base se dispara desde el hombro, pero informes del Army documentan la integracion CROWS-J que permite a las tripulaciones disparar misiles FGM-148 desde el interior de vehiculos Stryker.

LauncherLauncher typeLaunch evidence
Stryker, 8x8 armored fighting vehicle family, Armored VehiclesStrykerFamilia de vehiculos blindados 8x8

Informes del U.S. Army dicen que el sistema CROWS-J permite a los soldados disparar el misil antitanque FGM-148 Javelin desde dentro de un Stryker, incluido el primer disparo con fuego real de FGM-148 mediante CROWS-J por una Brigade Combat Team fuera de pruebas.

Sources: Stryker Brigade Combat Team equips modernized missile system

Timeline

FGM-148 Javelin Key Events

  1. Desarrollo a escala completa aprobado

    El esfuerzo Tank Breaker / AAWS-M del Army paso a desarrollo a escala completa en 1989, y la solucion de Texas Instruments se convirtio posteriormente en Javelin.

    Sources: Javelin Close Combat Missile System (CCMS) Provides Unparalleled Defeat Capabilities

  2. Despliegue inicial en Estados Unidos

    CSIS informa que el Javelin entro en servicio militar estadounidense en 1996 tras pruebas limitadas con usuarios y el despliegue inicial.

    Sources: FGM-148 Javelin

  3. Debut en combate en Iraq

    Un articulo de Army AL&T describe el uso del Javelin por la 3rd Infantry Division tras la invasion de Iraq de 2003, donde demostro eficacia contra fuerzas blindadas y posiciones fortificadas.

    Sources: Javelin Close Combat Missile System (CCMS) Provides Unparalleled Defeat Capabilities

  4. Primera entrega a Ucrania confirmada

    Un funcionario del U.S. State Department confirmo que se habian entregado a Ucrania sistemas de misiles antitanque Javelin durante la guerra ruso-ucraniana en curso.

    Sources: U.S. Confirms Delivery Of Javelin Antitank Missiles To Ukraine

  5. Contrato de produccion a plena cadencia del modelo F

    Javelin Joint Venture anuncio un contrato inicial de produccion a plena cadencia para 2.100 misiles FGM-148F, que sustituyen al proyectil FGM-148E Block I.

    Sources: Raytheon/Lockheed Martin F-Model Missile Contract

  6. Prominente en Ucrania

    CSIS documento un amplio uso ucraniano del Javelin durante la invasion rusa de Ucrania de 2022, donde se convirtio en una de las armas antiblindaje de infanteria definitorias del conflicto.

    Sources: FGM-148 Javelin

  7. Entrega de LWCLU anunciada

    RTX anuncio que Javelin Joint Venture entrego las primeras Lightweight Command Launch Units al U.S. Army.

    Sources: First Javelin Lightweight Command Launch Units delivered to the U.S. Army

Media

FGM-148 Javelin Videos

FGM-148 Javelin Images

FGM-148 Javelin, Sistema portatil de misiles guiados antitanque, Armas de infantería - view 1
Source: FGM-148 Javelin image, U.S. Marine Corps release 030502-M-3692C-023
FGM-148 Javelin, Sistema portatil de misiles guiados antitanque, Armas de infantería - view 2
Source: FGM-148 Javelin missile launch
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Sources

FGM-148 JavelinPublisher: CSIS Missile Threat | Note: Supports general background, specifications, in-service status, operator context, manufacturer context, and Javelin development history. | Accessed: 2026-06-23JavelinPublisher: U.S. Army Redstone Arsenal Historical Information | Note: Supports the Javelin system's reusable CLU, disposable launch tube, fire-and-forget guidance, and top-attack/direct-fire behavior. | Accessed: 2026-06-23Tank Breaker/JavelinPublisher: DARPA | Note: Supports Tank Breaker origin history and the AAWS-M development path that led to Javelin. | Accessed: 2026-06-23Javelin readiness rate tops in the Department of DefensePublisher: The United States Army | Note: Supports Javelin system background, manufacturer partnership context, and operational readiness status. | Accessed: 2026-06-23Raytheon Javelin Weapon SystemPublisher: RTX / Raytheon | Note: Supports Javelin system architecture, fire-and-forget/top-attack behavior, manufacturer context, inventory-to-2050 statement, and direct use in 2003 Iraq War and 2001 War in Afghanistan through Raytheon's statement that Javelin has been used in more than 5,000 Iraq and Afghanistan engagements. | Accessed: 2026-07-06First Javelin Lightweight Command Launch Units delivered to the U.S. ArmyPublisher: RTX | Note: Supports the Lightweight Command Launch Unit delivery milestone, launcher modernization claims, and compatibility with current, past, and future Javelin missile variants. | Accessed: 2026-06-29Raytheon/Lockheed Martin F-Model Missile ContractPublisher: Lockheed Martin | Note: Supports F-model initial full-rate production, 2,100-missile contract context, replacement of the FGM-148E Block I round, multipurpose warhead background, production-count context, manufacturer context, and direct use in 2003 Iraq War and 2001 War in Afghanistan through Lockheed Martin's statement that Javelin had been used in Iraq and Afghanistan. | Accessed: 2026-06-29Javelin Antitank Missile System - Medium FY2025Publisher: Director, Operational Test and Evaluation | Note: Supports Javelin modernization context for the G-model missile and Lightweight Command Launch Unit, including compatibility, G-model development status, planned FGM-148G designation, and updated testing context. | Accessed: 2026-07-06Lockheed Martin Javelin Product CardPublisher: Lockheed Martin | Note: Supports current product-card specifications for range, CLU sights, guidance, warhead, component weights, length, diameter, and manufacturer background. | Accessed: 2026-07-06Stryker Brigade Combat Team equips modernized missile systemPublisher: The United States Army | Note: Supports the Javelin relationship with Stryker through CROWS-J, including Army reporting that the system lets Soldiers fire the FGM-148 from within a Stryker vehicle. | Accessed: 2026-07-06Javelin Close Combat Missile System (CCMS) Provides Unparalleled Defeat CapabilitiesPublisher: Army AL&T | Note: Supports Javelin's 1989 development contract and direct 2003 Iraq War use by U.S. forces against armored forces and fortified positions after the 2003 invasion. | Accessed: 2026-06-23FGM-148 Javelin image, U.S. Army release 061024-A-0497K-004Publisher: Wikimedia Commons / U.S. Army | Note: Supports public-domain image provenance for the primary Javelin image. | Accessed: 2026-06-23FGM-148 Javelin missile launchPublisher: Wikimedia Commons / U.S. Marine Corps | Note: Supports public-domain image provenance for the missile-launch gallery image. | Accessed: 2026-06-23FGM-148 Javelin image, U.S. Marine Corps release 030502-M-3692C-023Publisher: Wikimedia Commons / U.S. Marine Corps | Note: Supports public-domain image provenance for a second gallery Javelin image released by the U.S. Marine Corps. | Accessed: 2026-06-23Fact Sheet on U.S. Security Assistance to UkrainePublisher: U.S. Department of Defense | Note: Supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War military aid context for Javelin systems supplied to Ukraine. | Accessed: 2026-06-23The More Things Change ... Russia's War in Ukraine Mirrors the Past as Much as It Shows the FuturePublisher: Army University Press | Note: Supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War battlefield role context for Ukrainian Javelin use against Russian armored and mechanized forces. | Accessed: 2026-06-23U.S. Confirms Delivery Of Javelin Antitank Missiles To UkrainePublisher: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty | Note: Supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War direct transfer context by reporting U.S. confirmation that Javelin anti-tank missile systems had been delivered to Ukraine on April 30, 2018. | Accessed: 2026-07-06TOW System Upgrade Goes To Troops In AfghanistanPublisher: The United States Army | Note: Supports direct 2001 War in Afghanistan use by noting Javelin's increased usage against emerging asymmetric threats in Afghanistan. | Accessed: 2026-06-22Brave Rifles fire JavelinPublisher: Defense Visual Information Distribution Service | Note: Supports 2014 War Against the Islamic State direct use by anti-ISIS coalition forces: Javelin live fire by U.S. 3rd Cavalry Regiment troopers in Iraq during Operation Inherent Resolve. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Coalition supports SDF fight against ISISPublisher: Defense Visual Information Distribution Service | Note: Supports 2014 War Against the Islamic State direct use by anti-ISIS coalition forces: a U.S. Special Forces soldier used a Javelin CLU to spot ISIS targets in Syria while assisting SDF artillery and mortar fire during Operation Roundup. | Accessed: 2026-07-06Javelin Antitank Missiles Found in LibyaPublisher: CSIS Missile Threat | Note: Supports 2014 Second Libyan Civil War conflict-presence context for Javelin missiles found at a captured compound near Tripoli in 2019. | Accessed: 2026-06-29US Missiles Found in Libya Compound Belonged to FrancePublisher: Associated Press / Courthouse News Service | Note: Supports 2014 Second Libyan Civil War capture and provenance context for French-owned Javelin missiles found by pro-GNA forces in an LNA-linked compound. | Accessed: 2026-06-29