Aeronaves y UAV

UAV de ataque unidireccional

Also known as
  • OWA UAV
  • OWA-UAV
  • Dron OWA
  • Dron de ataque unidireccional
  • UAS de ataque unidireccional
  • OWA UAS
  • Dron kamikaze
  • UAV kamikaze
  • Dron suicida
  • UAV suicida
  • Dron explosivo
  • UAV de ataque prescindible
  • UAV de ataque desechable
  • UAV explosivo
  • Dron FPV explosivo
  • UAV de ataque FPV
  • Munición merodeadora

Los UAV de ataque unidireccional son aeronaves no tripuladas prescindibles construidas o adaptadas para llevar una carga explosiva hasta un objetivo y consumirse en el ataque. Esta entrada de nivel de clase cubre casos en los que las fuentes documentan drones de ataque unidireccional, drones kamikaze o UAV explosivos desechables en un conflicto, pero no identifican un único modelo nombrado que sea adecuado para una ficha de catálogo más específica.

UAV de ataque unidireccional, Clase de UAV de ataque prescindible / munición merodeadora, Aeronaves y UAV
Image source: LUCAS One-Way Attack Drone Image

Role in Conflicts

2020 United States-Iran Conflict
Long-Range StrikeArea Denial

Durante la escalada de Operation Epic Fury de 2026, CSIS evaluó que Irán dependió ampliamente de drones de ataque unidireccional de largo alcance en oleadas de represalia contra objetivos del Golfo, mientras que CENTCOM declaró que fuerzas estadounidenses emplearon drones de ataque unidireccional del Grupo 3 en combate por medio de Task Force Scorpion Strike.

Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Varios
Built in
Various
Type
Clase de UAV de ataque prescindible / munición merodeadora
Service note
Conflictos modernos, especialmente en la década de 2020
Designer
Varios
Designed
Los diseños modernos de UAV de ataque unidireccional se expandieron rápidamente en las décadas de 2010 y 2020
Unit cost
Varía ampliamente según el modelo; los ejemplos reportados van desde sistemas FPV de bajo costo hasta aeronaves de mayor alcance y tamaño
Produced
Varía según el modelo y el usuario
Number built
Desconocido; la producción está distribuida entre muchos modelos y operadores

Specifications

Tripulación
No tripulado; pilotado a distancia, preprogramado, autónomo o semiautónomo según el modelo
Carga útil
Ojiva explosiva o carga explosiva improvisada; el tamaño varía según la célula
Método de lanzamiento
Riel terrestre, catapulta, lanzamiento asistido por cohete, lanzamiento desde vehículo, lanzamiento desde buque o lanzamiento manual/de campaña según el modelo
Guiado
Puede usar control de video por operador, navegación GNSS/inercial, guiado terminal o modos de vuelo autónomos
Recuperación
Ninguna; diseñado para ser consumido en el impacto o la detonación
Class Scope

Esta entrada es para referencias de conflicto respaldadas por fuentes sobre UAV de ataque unidireccional cuando la fuente pública identifica una clase de dron de ataque prescindible, pero no un único modelo nombrado, o cuando una comparación de nivel de clase es más clara que forzar la afirmación dentro de la página de una sola aeronave.

Ala fija de largo alcance

Aeronaves lanzadas desde rieles, catapultas, contenedores, vehículos o buques, como sistemas de las familias Shahed y Samad, Bober, Phoenix Ghost y de estilo LUCAS.

Fuentes: CSIS Missile Threat Shahed-131 and -136; U.S. Launches One-Way-Attack Drone Force in the Middle East.

FPV explosivo

Drones de corto alcance, guiados por operador en primera persona, equipados con cargas explosivas para ataques terminales contra tropas, vehículos y equipo.

Fuente: How Hezbollah's $300 Drones Are Challenging Israeli Military.

Páginas de sistemas nombrados

Cuando las fuentes abiertas identifican un modelo específico, la ruta de investigación más sólida suele ser la entrada dedicada, como Shahed-136, Bober, Phoenix Ghost o Samad-3 UAV.

Esta página de clase evita que evidencia genérica o de modelos mixtos se presente exageradamente como un arma nombrada concreta.

Variants

Esta entrada de nivel de clase agrupa formas de UAV de ataque prescindible por patrón de empleo, en lugar de tratar cada dron como una sola familia.

VariantConfigurationDesignation notes
Long-range fixed-wing one-way attack UAVAeronave de ataque a distancia preprogramada o semiautónoma

Sistemas de las familias Shahed y Samad, Bober, Phoenix Ghost y de estilo LUCAS ilustran la rama de mayor alcance de la clase, normalmente lanzada desde rieles, catapultas, contenedores o vehículos.

Sources: CSIS Missile Threat Shahed-131 and -136, Pentagon Press Briefing on Phoenix Ghost, U.S. Launches One-Way-Attack Drone Force in the Middle East

Explosive FPV strike UAVDron de ataque terminal de corto alcance guiado por operador

Reportes sobre el sur del Líbano describen a Hezbollah usando UAV FPV explosivos de bajo costo contra soldados, vehículos blindados y bulldozers cuando las fuentes no identifican un modelo de fábrica nombrado.

Sources: How Hezbollah's $300 Drones Are Challenging Israeli Military

Maritime or regional attack UAVArma de ataque contra rutas marítimas, puertos, bases o infraestructura

El uso hutí e iraní muestra el mismo patrón de ataque unidireccional adaptado a rutas marítimas y campañas regionales a distancia, a menudo combinado con misiles para saturar defensas.

Sources: CENTCOM Statement on 26th Houthi Attack, DIA Iran Enabling Houthi Attacks, CSIS Iran Drone Campaign in the Gulf

Timeline

UAV de ataque unidireccional Key Events

  1. Los ataques con UAV hutíes y vinculados a Irán demuestran uso regional a distancia

    Reportes de CSIS y CAR describen el uso hutí de UAV de ataque de las familias Qasef y Samad en la guerra de Yemen, incluidas funciones contra defensas aéreas y de ataque regional de largo alcance.

    Sources: The Missile War in Yemen, Iranian Technology Transfers to Yemen

  2. Rusia comienza el uso masivo de UAV de ataque de la familia Shahed en Ucrania

    Reportes de CSIS y DIA conectan la campaña rusa en Ucrania con transferencias iraníes de UAV de ataque unidireccional Shahed y la producción nacional posterior de la familia Geran.

    Sources: CSIS Missile Threat Shahed-131 and -136, DIA Iranian UAVs in Ukraine

  3. CENTCOM informa un gran lanzamiento de UAV de ataque unidireccional en el mar Rojo

    CENTCOM dijo que fuerzas hutíes lanzaron UAV de ataque unidireccional de diseño iraní desde Yemen hacia rutas de navegación del sur del mar Rojo como parte de un ataque combinado con drones y misiles.

    Sources: CENTCOM Statement on 26th Houthi Attack

  4. CENTCOM intercepta UAV de ataque unidireccional iraníes dirigidos a Israel

    Reportes de defensa estadounidenses dijeron que fuerzas estadounidenses destruyeron más de 80 UAV de ataque unidireccional durante el ataque iraní de abril de 2024 contra Israel.

    Sources: Israel, U.S., Partners Neutralize Iranian Airborne Attacks

  5. CENTCOM despliega drones de ataque unidireccional LUCAS

    U.S. Central Command anunció Task Force Scorpion Strike y LUCAS, una fuerza de drones de ataque unidireccional de bajo costo destinada a dar a comandantes estadounidenses una opción de ataque prescindible en Oriente Medio.

    Sources: U.S. Launches One-Way-Attack Drone Force in the Middle East

Media

UAV de ataque unidireccional Videos

UAV de ataque unidireccional Images

UAV de ataque unidireccional, Clase de UAV de ataque prescindible / munición merodeadora, Aeronaves y UAV - view 1
Source: Shahed-136 Display Image
UAV de ataque unidireccional, Clase de UAV de ataque prescindible / munición merodeadora, Aeronaves y UAV - view 2
Source: Shahed-136 Debris Image
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Related News

Sources

U.S. Launches One-Way-Attack Drone Force in the Middle EastPublisher: U.S. Central Command | Note: Official source for one-way-attack drone background, LUCAS launch methods, autonomous operation, and U.S. Task Force Scorpion Strike context. | Accessed: 2026-06-22Six Houthi Drone Warfare StrategiesPublisher: ACLED | Note: Supports background classification of one-way attack unmanned aircraft as expendable munitions that explode above or crash into targets. | Accessed: 2026-06-22CSIS Missile Threat Shahed-131 and -136Publisher: CSIS Missile Threat | Note: 2014 Russia-Ukraine War: supports Russian use of Shahed/Geran one-way attack UAVs in Ukraine. 2020 United States-Iran Conflict: supports Iranian one-way attack UAV use during the 2026 escalation. 2023 Red Sea Crisis: supports Houthi use of Waid/Shahed-136-class one-way attack UAVs in Red Sea attacks. | Accessed: 2026-07-02DIA Iranian UAVs in UkrainePublisher: Defense Intelligence Agency | Note: Supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War direct use by documenting Iranian one-way attack UAV transfers to Russia for its war in Ukraine. | Accessed: 2026-07-02UK Biggest Ever Drone Package for UkrainePublisher: UK Ministry of Defence | Note: Supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War direct use by reporting Russian one-way attack drone launch volumes against Ukraine while announcing UK drone support. | Accessed: 2026-07-02Pentagon Press Briefing on Phoenix GhostPublisher: U.S. Department of War | Note: Supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War direct use by identifying Phoenix Ghost as a one-way attack drone supplied for Ukrainian requirements in eastern Ukraine. | Accessed: 2026-07-02Guide To Ukraine's Long Range Attack DronesPublisher: Covert Shores | Note: Supports background on Ukrainian long-range one-way attack UAV examples including Bober/UJ-26 and related deep-strike airframes. | Accessed: 2026-07-02CENTCOM SASC Posture Statement 2026Publisher: U.S. Central Command | Note: Supports 2020 United States-Iran Conflict direct use by stating that U.S. forces employed Group 3 one-way attack drones in combat during Operation EPIC FURY. | Accessed: 2026-07-02The Missile War in YemenPublisher: Center for Strategic and International Studies | Note: Supports 2014 Yemen Civil War direct use by documenting Houthi Samad and other UAV attacks against regional and coalition targets. | Accessed: 2026-07-02Iranian Technology Transfers to YemenPublisher: Conflict Armament Research | Note: Supports 2014 Yemen Civil War direct use by documenting Qasef-1 UAVs used by Houthi forces to attack coalition Patriot air-defense systems in Yemen. | Accessed: 2026-07-02DIA Iran Enabling Houthi AttacksPublisher: Defense Intelligence Agency | Note: 2023 Red Sea Crisis: supports Houthi use of Shahed/Waid-class one-way attack UAVs in attacks against regional infrastructure and commercial shipping; also supports Houthi one-way attack UAV background and comparison data. | Accessed: 2026-07-02CSIS Iran Drone Campaign in the GulfPublisher: Center for Strategic and International Studies | Note: Supports 2020 United States-Iran Conflict direct use during the 2026 escalation: Iranian long-range one-way attack drone waves against Gulf targets. | Accessed: 2026-07-02Israel, U.S., Partners Neutralize Iranian Airborne AttacksPublisher: U.S. Department of Defense | Note: Supports 2024 Iran-Israel Exchange direct use by reporting Iranian UAV launches against Israel and CENTCOM destruction of more than 80 one-way attack UAVs. | Accessed: 2026-07-02How Would Iran Respond to a U.S. Attack?Publisher: Center for Strategic and International Studies | Note: Supports 2025 Israel-Iran Conflict direct use by assessing Iranian one-way attack drone launch volume during the June 2025 war with Israel. | Accessed: 2026-07-02How Hezbollah's $300 Drones Are Challenging Israeli MilitaryPublisher: The Guardian | Note: Supports 2023 Israel-Hezbollah Conflict direct use: explosive-equipped FPV UAVs used by Hezbollah against Israeli soldiers, tanks, and bulldozers in southern Lebanon. | Accessed: 2026-06-22CENTCOM Statement on 26th Houthi AttackPublisher: U.S. Central Command | Note: Supports 2023 Red Sea Crisis direct use: Iranian-designed one-way attack UAVs were used by the Houthi movement in a launch from Yemen toward southern Red Sea shipping lanes. | Accessed: 2026-06-22Did The U.S. Use Kamikaze Drones To Strike Venezuela?Publisher: The War Zone | Note: Supports 2026 United States-Venezuela Conflict caveated direct use: public video and official comments indicate one-way attack UAVs were likely used by U.S. forces during Operation Absolute Resolve. | Accessed: 2026-06-22The US Military Bombarded Venezuela with Drones During the Maduro RaidPublisher: The National Interest | Note: Supports 2026 United States-Venezuela Conflict direct use reporting: evidence from Venezuela indicates one-way attack UAVs used by U.S. forces against ground targets, while model identity remains unconfirmed. | Accessed: 2026-06-22LUCAS One-Way Attack Drone ImagePublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Public-domain U.S. military image provenance for the primary LUCAS one-way attack drone gallery image. | Accessed: 2026-06-22Shahed-136 Display ImagePublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: CC BY 4.0 image provenance for a representative Shahed-136 loitering munition displayed on a launcher. | Accessed: 2026-06-22Shahed-136 Debris ImagePublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Public-domain U.S. Navy graphic provenance for Shahed-136 debris fragments from a maritime UAV attack. | Accessed: 2026-06-22