Defensa aérea

AN/TWQ-1 Avenger

Also known as
  • Sistema de Defensa Aérea Avenger
  • Avenger ADS
  • Lanzador de misiles Avenger
  • M1097 Avenger
  • AN/TWQ-1 M1097 Avenger
  • Boeing Avenger

El AN/TWQ-1 Avenger, a menudo identificado en imágenes del Ejército como M1097 Avenger, es un sistema de defensa aérea de corto alcance desarrollado por Boeing alrededor de una torreta montada sobre HMMWV con dos contenedores de misiles Stinger y una ametralladora M3P calibre .50. Boeing registra el primer disparo en abril de 1984 y la primera entrega el 1988-11-01, con más de 1.100 sistemas entregados para 2002. El sistema aparece en el catálogo por su servicio en la Guerra del Golfo, conversiones Up-Gun en la Guerra de Irak, uso ucraniano de defensa aérea móvil contra drones Shahed y actividad estadounidense de protección de fuerzas de la coalición en Al-Tanf, Siria.

AN/TWQ-1 Avenger, Sistema autopropulsado de defensa aérea de corto alcance, Defensa aérea
Image source: File:Avenger missile.jpg

Role in Conflicts

2014 Russia-Ukraine War
Air DefenseForce Protection

Estados Unidos anunció cuatro sistemas de defensa aérea de corto alcance Avenger con misiles Stinger para Ucrania el 2022-11-10 y ocho más el 2023-01-19; una ficha informativa del Departamento de Defensa del 2023-04-04 enumeró 12 Avengers comprometidos, mientras que los registros de SIPRI indican 12 entregados en 2023. Informes del lado ucraniano situaron a los Avengers en servicio de combate en la Zona Operacional Norte para abril de 2023, e informes posteriores documentaron a dotaciones ucranianas usando Avengers contra drones rusos Shahed, incluidos enfrentamientos con el cañón M3P cuando no era necesario usar un misil.

Role details
2003 Iraq War
Air DefenseForce Protection

Los Avengers se desplegaron durante Operation Iraqi Freedom para seguridad aérea y terrestre; informes vinculados a Redstone describen más de 125 sistemas del Ejército en apoyo inicial a OIF, y Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance registra ocho Avengers basados en Irak modificados en 2005 a la configuración Up-Gun para fuego de seguridad terrestre.

Role details
Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Estados Unidos
Built by
Boeing
Type
Sistema autopropulsado de defensa aérea de corto alcance
Service note
Diseño de finales de la Guerra Fría; usado en la Guerra ruso-ucraniana de 2014 después de las entregas de asistencia de seguridad de Estados Unidos
Designer
Boeing Aerospace Company
Designed
Principios de la década de 1980
Produced
Primera entrega en 1988; Boeing reactivó una línea inactiva para entregas egipcias previstas para septiembre de 2008
Number built
Más de 1.100 producidos y entregados según informes

Specifications

Tripulación
2
Armamento
Ocho misiles FIM-92 Stinger en dos contenedores de cuatro proyectiles y una ametralladora M3P de 12,7 mm
Envolvente de enganche del misil
Alcance de aproximadamente 200 m a 3.800 m, con blancos hasta unos 3.800 m de altitud
Sensores y control de tiro
Seguidor óptico, sistema infrarrojo de visión frontal, IFF, computadora de control de tiro, unidad de control remoto e integración Slew-to-Cue con trazas de radar externas
Vehículo portador
Chasis High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle M1097/M1097A1
Movilidad
Chasis HMMWV 4x4; velocidad en carretera de aproximadamente 105 km/h
Operación remota
Puede operarse desde una posición protegida hasta 50 m de la unidad de tiro
Transportabilidad
Transportable por helicóptero UH-60L o aeronave C-130; la versión M45 es lanzable desde el aire
Modernización
La Fase II de SLEP incluyó IFF Modo 5, una nueva computadora de control de tiro, conversión a comunicaciones digitales, HVAC y una nueva ametralladora calibre .50
Peso de combate
Aproximadamente 3.900 kg
Dimensiones
4,95 m de longitud; 2,18 m de anchura; 2,59 m de altura
Variants

Las variantes del Avenger reflejan principalmente cambios de control de tiro y kits de misión alrededor de la misma torreta Stinger montada sobre HMMWV, más que familias de misiles separadas.

VariantConfigurationDesignation notes
Basic AvengerTorreta Stinger de base montada sobre HMMWV

Boeing describe el Avenger de base como una unidad móvil de tiro de misiles superficie-aire con ocho misiles Stinger en dos contenedores, equipo infrarrojo, comunicaciones, una computadora de control de tiro y un telémetro láser.

Sources: The Boeing Company Select Products in Boeing History

Slew-to-Cue AvengerActualización de consola de puntería guiada por radar

El Ejército dice que Avengers almacenados volvieron al servicio con una consola de puntería Slew-to-Cue que puede girar la torreta hacia blancos proporcionados por radares remotos, con las consolas restantes programadas para actualización bajo SLEP.

Sources: Army rebuilding short-range air defense

Up-Gun AvengerConversión para seguridad de bases en Irak

Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance describe el Up-Gun Avenger como una modificación de la Guerra de Irak que retiró el contenedor derecho de misiles y movió la M3P para permitir fuego de 360 grados en seguridad terrestre.

Sources: Avenger Air Defense System - Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance

Vehicle Chassis

Official Army material identifies the Avenger fire unit as a turreted short-range air-defense system mounted on an M1097 HMMWV chassis.

CarrierCarrier typeCarriage evidence
HMMWV, Light tactical wheeled vehicle, Armored VehiclesHMMWVLight tactical vehicle chassis

Army Europe captions use the AN/TWQ-1 M1097 Avenger designation, and Letterkenny Army Depot describes Avenger as mounted on an M1097 High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle.

Sources: 5th Battalion, 4th Air Defense Artillery Regiment Deploys to Romania, Kenny Letter March/April 2018 Avenger

Mounted Gun

The Avenger mounts the FN M3P as a secondary gun for close-range threats and live-fire drills.

Carried itemItem typeCarriage evidence
FN M3P .50-caliber machine gun, Remote-fired .50-caliber machine gun, Infantry WeaponsFN M3P .50-caliber machine gunRemote-fired .50-caliber machine gun

Army reporting describes the M3P as the Avenger's mounted secondary weapon, and DVIDS shows Avenger crews firing it during live-fire testing and rate-of-fire checks.

Sources: Avenger and Sentinel Advanced Gunnery validates SHORAD capabilities on the Korean Peninsula, U.S. Army Avenger Air Defense System Fires M3P .50-Caliber Machine Gun at Al-Tanf Garrison, Syria

Carried Munitions
Carried itemItem typeCarriage evidence
FIM-92 Stinger, Man-portable air-defense system, Air DefenseFIM-92 StingerInfrared-guided surface-to-air missile

U.S. Army sources describe the Avenger as carrying eight ready-to-fire Stinger missiles in two launcher pods, and Army history identifies Stinger as the missile fired from the Avenger system.

Sources: Avenger and Sentinel Advanced Gunnery validates SHORAD capabilities on the Korean Peninsula, stinger / avenger - Redstone Arsenal Historical Information, Letterkenny Army Depot completes 72nd Avenger in support of deterrence mission

Radar Cueing

Army reporting describes Avenger teams receiving Sentinel radar tracks for Slew-to-Cue handoff, letting the turret orient toward low-altitude targets before visual or infrared engagement.

Compatible itemItem typeCompatibility evidence
AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel, Mobile 3D air-defense radar, Air DefenseAN/MPQ-64 SentinelMobile 3D air-defense radar

U.S. Army articles describe Sentinel radar tracks being sent to nearby Avenger weapon systems and passed through EPLRS to validate Avenger/Sentinel Slew-to-Cue integration.

Sources: Avenger and Sentinel Advanced Gunnery validates SHORAD capabilities on the Korean Peninsula, South Korea-based Short Range Air Defense Battery Integrates Counter-UAS into Core Competencies

Turret And Engagement Roles

The Avenger is best understood as a stabilized turret package rather than only a missile truck. Sources describe the same turret combining ready Stinger missiles, a remotely fired M3P gun, optical and infrared sighting, IFF, and remote operation from cover.

Stinger pods

Two launcher pods carry eight ready-to-fire FIM-92 missiles, giving the HMMWV chassis a mobile short-range surface-to-air missile role.

M3P machine gun

The turret mounts a .50-caliber M3P for close-range fire and gunnery use, including some targets where crews may avoid spending a missile.

Sensors and cueing

Army reporting describes optics, range-finders, FLIR, IFF, and Slew-to-Cue radar handoff for finding and tracking low-altitude threats.

Remote-control unit

Ukrainian reporting notes that operators can fire the weapon system from cover when conditions make the vehicle position too exposed.

Timeline

AN/TWQ-1 Avenger Key Events

  1. Primer disparo del Avenger

    Boeing enumera abril de 1984 como el primer disparo del lanzador de misiles Avenger.

    Sources: The Boeing Company Select Products in Boeing History

  2. Primera entrega de producción

    Boeing registra la primera entrega del Avenger el 1988-11-01 y dice que se habían entregado más de 1.100 sistemas para 2002.

    Sources: The Boeing Company Select Products in Boeing History

  3. Servicio en la Guerra del Golfo

    Boeing describe el Avenger como un valioso activo del Ejército de Estados Unidos durante la Guerra del Golfo Pérsico.

    Sources: The Boeing Company Select Products in Boeing History

  4. Conversión Up-Gun Avenger en Irak

    Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance registra una modificación Up-Gun Avenger de abril de 2005 para ocho sistemas en Irak, que cambió un contenedor de misiles por una configuración terrestre de seguridad con M3P de 360 grados.

    Sources: Avenger Air Defense System - Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance

  5. El Ejército de Estados Unidos reactiva Avengers almacenados

    El Ejército dijo que se retiraron 72 Avengers del almacenamiento de Letterkenny Army Depot para reconstruir la capacidad de defensa aérea de corto alcance.

    Sources: Army rebuilding short-range air defense

  6. Estados Unidos anuncia Avengers para Ucrania

    El Departamento de Defensa de Estados Unidos anunció cuatro sistemas de defensa aérea Avenger y misiles Stinger para Ucrania.

    Sources: $400 Million in Additional Assistance for Ukraine

  7. Anunciados ocho Avengers adicionales

    El Departamento de Defensa de Estados Unidos anunció ocho sistemas adicionales de defensa aérea Avenger para Ucrania en un paquete mayor de asistencia de seguridad.

    Sources: Biden Administration Announces Additional Security Assistance for Ukraine

  8. Doce Avengers enumerados para Ucrania

    Una ficha informativa del Departamento de Defensa enumeró 12 sistemas de defensa aérea Avenger comprometidos para Ucrania, una cifra coherente con el registro posterior de transferencias de SIPRI para entregas de 2023.

    Sources: Ukraine Fact Sheet - Apr. 4, SIPRI Arms Transfers Database

  9. Avengers reportados en servicio de combate ucraniano

    Espreso, citando al comandante de las Fuerzas Conjuntas Serhii Nayev, informó que los sistemas Avenger ya estaban en servicio de combate en la Zona Operacional Norte de Ucrania.

    Sources: Avenger air defense system is already on combat duty in Ukraine

  10. Descritos enfrentamientos ucranianos contra Shahed

    Defense Express describió a dotaciones ucranianas de Avenger usando el sistema contra drones rusos Shahed y eligiendo fuego de la M3P cuando la geometría del blanco hacía innecesario un misil.

    Sources: How Avenger ADS Chooses Gunfire Over Spending Missiles to Down Russian Shahed Drones

  11. Disparo de M3P de Avenger documentado en Al-Tanf

    Material de CJTF-OIR documentó vehículos Avenger del Ejército de Estados Unidos disparando la ametralladora M3P en Al-Tanf Garrison, Siria, para comprobaciones de cadencia de fuego.

    Sources: Precision in Action: U.S. Army Avenger System Fires .50-Caliber Machine Gun at Al-Tanf Garrison

Media

AN/TWQ-1 Avenger Videos

AN/TWQ-1 Avenger Images

AN/TWQ-1 Avenger, Sistema autopropulsado de defensa aérea de corto alcance, Defensa aérea - view 1
Source: File:Avenger Stinger Missile.JPEG
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Sources

Avenger AN/TWQ-1Publisher: Army Recognition | Note: Supports system background, Boeing development/manufacturer context, armament, crew, mobility, dimensions, and other technical specifications. | Accessed: 2026-07-08The Boeing Company Select Products in Boeing HistoryPublisher: Boeing | Note: Supports Avenger development history, first firing, first delivery, turret armament, production-delivery count, baseline system description, and 1990 Gulf War coalition service context. | Accessed: 2026-07-08Team Redstone's Role in Operation Desert Shield/Desert StormPublisher: U.S. Army / Redstone Arsenal Historical Information | Note: Supports direct 1990 Gulf War use by documenting 48 Avenger systems deployed to Southwest Asia with U.S. Army units during Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm. | Accessed: 2026-07-08Army rebuilding short-range air defensePublisher: The United States Army | Note: Supports U.S. Army SHORAD rebuild context, Avenger reactivation from depot storage, Stinger pod loading, multiple optics and FLIR, Slew-to-Cue targeting-console upgrades, SLEP scope, Phase II modernization items, and counter-UAV rationale. | Accessed: 2026-07-08Avenger Air Defense System - Missile Defense Advocacy AlliancePublisher: Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance | Note: Supports 2003 Iraq War direct-use context for Avengers in Iraq and the April 2005 Up-Gun Avenger modification for ground-security fire. | Accessed: 2026-07-08Redstone Arsenal unveils Avenger static displayPublisher: WAFF 48 | Note: Supports direct 2003 Iraq War use by reporting that active-duty units supported Operation Iraqi Freedom with more than 125 Avenger systems, plus 2005 Iraq Up-Gun modification context. | Accessed: 2026-07-08$400 Million in Additional Assistance for UkrainePublisher: U.S. Department of Defense | Note: Documents November 2022 U.S. security assistance provided to Ukraine during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War, including four Avenger air defense systems and Stinger missiles. | Accessed: 2026-07-08$400 Million Security Package Headed to UkrainePublisher: U.S. Department of Defense | Note: Supports Ukraine conflict-use context, including Avenger's intended protection role against unmanned aerial systems, helicopters, and other short-range air threats. | Accessed: 2026-07-08How Avenger ADS Chooses Gunfire Over Spending Missiles to Down Russian Shahed DronesPublisher: Defense Express | Note: Reports operational use by Ukrainian Avenger crews against Shahed drones during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War. | Accessed: 2026-07-08Biden Administration Announces Additional Security Assistance for UkrainePublisher: U.S. Department of Defense | Note: Documents the 2023-01-19 U.S. security-assistance announcement that included eight additional Avenger air-defense systems for Ukraine during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War. | Accessed: 2026-07-08Ukraine Fact Sheet - Apr. 4Publisher: U.S. Department of Defense | Note: Documents the cumulative U.S. security-assistance count of 12 Avenger air-defense systems committed to Ukraine during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War. | Accessed: 2026-07-08SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabasePublisher: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute | Note: Supports transfer context for the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War; SIPRI's generated register records 12 second-hand U.S. Avenger mobile surface-to-air missile systems delivered to Ukraine in 2023 as aid after Russia's 2022 invasion. | Accessed: 2026-07-08Avenger air defense system is already on combat duty in UkrainePublisher: Espreso | Note: Reports Ukrainian Joint Forces Commander Serhii Nayev's statement that Avenger systems were already on combat duty in Ukraine's Northern Operational Zone during the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War. | Accessed: 2026-07-08Avenger and Sentinel Advanced Gunnery validates SHORAD capabilities on the Korean PeninsulaPublisher: The United States Army | Note: Supports Avenger-mounted M3P gunnery, qualification training, Sentinel radar integration, 40 km Sentinel range, and Slew-to-Cue validation using Sentinel air tracks transmitted by EPLRS. | Accessed: 2026-07-08South Korea-based Short Range Air Defense Battery Integrates Counter-UAS into Core CompetenciesPublisher: The United States Army | Note: Supports Avenger equipment fit, Sentinel radar interoperability, Slew-to-Cue capability, and Sentinel air-track handoff to nearby Avenger weapon systems. | Accessed: 2026-07-08U.S. Army Acquisition Program Portfolio 2024Publisher: U.S. Army | Note: Supports official Avenger technical details including M1097A1 chassis, crew, day/night and adverse-weather use, shoot-on-the-move capability, remote operation up to 50 m, UH-60L and C-130 transportability, and M45 airdrop context. | Accessed: 2026-07-08Boeing Awarded Contract to Build Avengers for EgyptPublisher: Boeing | Note: Supports Boeing production context, including prior Egypt deliveries from 2000 to 2004, the dormant production line, and planned September 2008 deliveries after the 2006 restart contract. | Accessed: 2026-07-08U.S. Army Avenger Air Defense System Fires M3P .50-Caliber Machine Gun at Al-Tanf Garrison, SyriaPublisher: DVIDS | Note: Supports 2011 Syrian Civil War direct theater fielding by documenting a U.S. Army Avenger firing the M3P machine gun at Al-Tanf Garrison, Syria. | Accessed: 2026-07-08Precision in Action: U.S. Army Avenger System Fires .50-Caliber Machine Gun at Al-Tanf GarrisonPublisher: Combined Joint Task Force - Operation Inherent Resolve | Note: Supports 2011 Syrian Civil War direct theater fielding by documenting U.S. Army AN/TWQ-1 Avenger vehicles firing the M3P at Al-Tanf Garrison, Syria, on 2025-02-26. | Accessed: 2026-07-08File:Avenger missile.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Primary image provenance; Commons identifies the image as a U.S. Army public-domain work. | Accessed: 2026-07-08File:Avenger Stinger Missile.JPEGPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Gallery image provenance; Commons identifies the launch photo as a U.S. Marine Corps public-domain work. | Accessed: 2026-07-08stinger / avenger - Redstone Arsenal Historical InformationPublisher: U.S. Army / Redstone Arsenal Historical Information | Note: Supports the Avenger's Stinger missile fit, M3P gun, two-person crew, HMMWV-mounted configuration, and system relationship between the vehicle and its missile. | Accessed: 2026-07-085th Battalion, 4th Air Defense Artillery Regiment Deploys to RomaniaPublisher: U.S. Army Europe and Africa | Note: Supports the AN/TWQ-1 M1097 Avenger designation in an official U.S. Army Europe image caption and current HMMWV-based deployment context. | Accessed: 2026-07-08Kenny Letter March/April 2018 AvengerPublisher: Letterkenny Army Depot | Note: Supports M1097 HMMWV carrier-vehicle context, two-person crew, eight Stinger missiles, FLIR, IFF, M3P ground-defense gun, remote operation, FAAD C2 cueing, and Boeing prime-contractor context. | Accessed: 2026-07-08Letterkenny Army Depot completes 72nd Avenger in support of deterrence missionPublisher: U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command | Note: Supports Avenger production and delivery context that identifies the system as a Stinger-carrying air-defense vehicle. | Accessed: 2026-07-08