Artillería

2S3 Akatsiya

Also known as
  • SO-152
  • M1973
  • M-1973
  • 2S3M Akatsiya
  • 2S3M1 Akatsiya
  • 2S3M2 Akatsiya

El 2S3 Akatsiya es un obús autopropulsado soviético sobre orugas de 152 mm construido alrededor del cañón 2A33 y un chasis blindado con torreta. Diseñado para apoyo de fuego divisionario y aceptado para el servicio en 1971, aparece en registros de conflictos iraquíes, chechenos, sirios, armenios, libios, rusos y ucranianos porque grandes existencias de la Guerra Fría permanecieron en servicio mucho después de la entrada en uso de artillería autopropulsada más moderna.

2S3 Akatsiya, Obús autopropulsado sobre orugas de 152 mm, Artillería
Image source: File:2S3 Akatsiya in Kyiv.jpg

Role in Conflicts

2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict
Fire Support

Las fuerzas armenias y de Artsaj desplegaron obuses autopropulsados 2S3 Akatsiya de 152 mm durante los combates de Nagorno-Karabaj de 2020; Oryx documentó visualmente cinco pérdidas armenias de 2S3 Akatsiya, y comunicados del Ministerio de Defensa de Azerbaiyán afirmaron que 2S3 armenios fueron destruidos por fuego azerbaiyano.

2014 Russia-Ukraine War
Fire Support

Tanto las fuerzas rusas como las ucranianas han desplegado obuses autopropulsados 2S3 Akatsiya de 152 mm sobre orugas en la guerra Rusia-Ucrania. Oryx documenta visualmente pérdidas de ambos bandos, mientras que un informe de RFE/RL de mayo de 2024 muestra a una dotación ucraniana de la 22nd Mechanized Brigade disparando un 2S3 cerca de Chasiv Yar.

Role details
Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Unión Soviética
Type
Obús autopropulsado sobre orugas de 152 mm
Service note
Diseño de la Guerra Fría aún en servicio en la guerra Rusia-Ucrania de 2014
Designer
Petrov Design Bureau / Uraltransmash
Designed
1967-1971
Produced
1970-1993 para las principales variantes de producción soviéticas/rusas
Number built
Unos 4.000 según Weaponsystems.net

Specifications

Dotación
4
Armamento principal
Obús 2A33 de 152 mm en una torreta de giro completo
Armamento secundario
Ametralladora PKT de 7,62 mm
Peso en combate
Unas 27,5-28 toneladas métricas
Munición transportada
Hasta 46 proyectiles en variantes posteriores
Alcance máximo
Unos 17,4-20,3 km según la munición/fuente
Cadencia de tiro
Hasta 4 disparos por minuto; aproximadamente 1 disparo por minuto en fuego sostenido
Movilidad
Motor diésel V-59/V-59U de 520 hp; unos 60 km/h de velocidad en carretera y 500 km de autonomía en carretera
Protección
Blindaje de acero soldado, normalmente indicado en torno a 15-30 mm, con protección NBQ
Fire Mission Profile

El Akatsiya se sitúa entre los cañones remolcados de 152 mm y la artillería autopropulsada moderna de mayor alcance: proporciona a las formaciones divisionarias movilidad blindada sobre orugas y un cañón 2A33 en torreta, pero sus cifras habituales de alcance son inferiores a las de sistemas modernos de 152/155 mm.

Rol principal

Supresión y destrucción de personal, baterías de artillería y morteros, puestos de mando, puntos de fuego y otros blancos dentro de la profundidad de apoyo de fuego divisionario.

Familia del cañón

El obús 2A33/D-22 de 152 mm está relacionado con la familia de munición del D-20, lo que explica la relación catalogada con la compatibilidad de munición del D-20.

Presión de modernización

Los estándares posteriores de la familia 2S3M se centraron en mejoras de manejo de munición, comunicaciones, navegación y control de tiro automatizado, no en convertir el vehículo en una nueva clase de artillería.

Variants

La familia base 2S3 fue seguida por estándares soviéticos/rusos de modernización que mejoraron el manejo de munición, las comunicaciones y el equipo de control de tiro, conservando la familia de cañones 2A33 de 152 mm.

VariantConfigurationDesignation notes
2S3Modelo inicial de producción

Akatsiya de referencia aceptado para el servicio a comienzos de la década de 1970 como obús autopropulsado de 152 mm con torreta.

Sources: 2S3 Akatsiya, 2S3 Akatsiya (M1973) Russian 152mm Self-Propelled Howitzer

2S3MModernización del manejo de munición

Estándar de producción modernizado asociado con mayor capacidad de munición a bordo y manejo revisado de munición.

Sources: 2S3 Akatsiya

2S3M1Modernización de control de tiro y comunicaciones

Estándar de modernización posterior indicado para mejores equipos de mando, comunicaciones y control de tiro.

Sources: 2S3 Akatsiya

2S3M2Modernización postsoviética de control de tiro

Estándar ruso adicional de modernización asociado con equipos actualizados de control de tiro y navegación.

Sources: 2S3 Akatsiya

Munición disparada

Army Recognition informa que el 2S3 Akatsiya puede disparar el proyectil guiado por láser 9K25 Krasnopol.

AmmunitionAmmunition typeFiring evidence
9K25 Krasnopol laser-guided projectile, 152/155 mm laser-guided artillery projectile, Munitions9K25 Krasnopol laser-guided projectileProyectil guiado por láser de 152 mm

Army Recognition identifica el 2S3 Akatsiya como uno de los obuses autopropulsados que pueden disparar proyectiles Krasnopol.

Sources: Krasnopol guided shells

Munición compatible
Compatible itemItem typeCompatibility evidence
D-20, 152 mm towed gun-howitzer, ArtilleryD-20Obús remolcado de 152 mm

Weaponsystems.net afirma que el 2S3 Akatsiya usa el mismo tipo de munición que el D-20, lo que convierte al D-20 en la referencia explícita de compatibilidad para la familia de cañones del 2S3.

Sources: 2S3 Akatsiya

Timeline

2S3 Akatsiya Key Events

  1. Comienza el desarrollo del Akatsiya

    El programa 2S3 comenzó a finales de la década de 1960 como un proyecto soviético de obús autopropulsado divisionario sobre orugas centrado en un cañón de 152 mm.

    Sources: 2S3 Akatsiya, 152 mm self-propelled howitzer Akatsiya

  2. Aceptado para el servicio soviético

    Las fuentes de referencia sitúan la entrada en servicio soviético del 2S3 Akatsiya en 1971, antes de la producción a gran escala de variantes posteriores de la familia 2S3M.

    Sources: 2S3 Akatsiya, 152 mm self-propelled howitzer Akatsiya

  3. Ejemplar iraquí capturado durante la guerra del Golfo

    Imperial War Museums identifica su Akatsiya como una captura de la guerra del Golfo tomada a fuerzas iraquíes, vinculando directamente el tipo con existencias iraquíes de artillería autopropulsada en 1990-1991.

    Sources: IWM 2S3M Akatsiya collection record

  4. Comienza su uso en la guerra civil siria

    Bellingcat incluye el 2S3 entre los vehículos blindados de combate del Ejército Árabe Sirio usados activamente y perdidos entre 2011 y 2017.

    Sources: Bellingcat SAA vehicle losses 2011-2017

  5. Dotación ucraniana de 2S3 documentada cerca de Chasiv Yar

    RFE/RL informó desde posiciones defensivas ucranianas cerca de Chasiv Yar y fotografió a un soldado de la 22nd Mechanized Brigade disparando un 2S3 Akatsiya.

    Sources: RFE/RL Chasiv Yar defenses

Media

2S3 Akatsiya Videos

2S3 Akatsiya Images

2S3 Akatsiya, Obús autopropulsado sobre orugas de 152 mm, Artillería - view 1
Source: File:2S3 Akatsiya in Kyiv.jpg
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Sources

2S3 Akatsiya (M1973) Russian 152mm Self-Propelled HowitzerPublisher: U.S. Army OE Data Integration Network | Note: Supports high-level system identification, background, and technical specification context. | Accessed: 2026-06-202S3 AkatsiyaPublisher: Weaponsystems.net | Note: Supports origin, service-entry, Uraltransmash production, variants, and detailed specifications. | Accessed: 2026-06-20152 mm self-propelled howitzer AkatsiyaPublisher: National Defence University of Ukraine | Note: Supports manufacturer, design background, armament, mobility, and service-entry facts. | Accessed: 2026-06-20FAS 2S3 M-1973 Self-Propelled Gun-HowitzerPublisher: Federation of American Scientists | Note: Supports fire-support role, D-20 range comparison, mobility limits, and background context for the 2S3 Akatsiya. | Accessed: 2026-07-02Ukraine's FPV Drones Catch Russian 2S3 Akatsiya Artillery System Before It Can Open FirePublisher: UNITED24 Media | Note: Directly supports the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War note describing Russian use of a 2S3 Akatsiya near the Slovyansk axis. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Attack On Europe: Documenting Russian Equipment Losses During The Russian Invasion Of UkrainePublisher: Oryx | Note: Directly supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War use: visually documents Russian 2S3 Akatsiya self-propelled artillery losses during the full-scale invasion. | Accessed: 2026-06-30Attack On Europe: Documenting Ukrainian Equipment Losses During The Russian Invasion Of UkrainePublisher: Oryx | Note: Directly supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War use: visually documents Ukrainian 2S3 Akatsiya self-propelled artillery losses during the full-scale invasion. | Accessed: 2026-06-30RFE/RL Chasiv Yar defensesPublisher: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty | Note: Directly supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War use: documents a Ukrainian 22nd Mechanized Brigade soldier firing a 2S3 Akatsiya near Chasiv Yar. | Accessed: 2026-06-30IWM 2S3M Akatsiya collection recordPublisher: Imperial War Museums | Note: Directly supports 1990 Gulf War use: identifies a 2S3M Akatsiya self-propelled gun captured from Iraqi forces during the Gulf War. | Accessed: 2026-06-30Restoration Of Equipment Losses During The First Chechen WarPublisher: Oryx | Note: Directly supports 1994 First Chechen War use: documents 2S3 Akatsiya losses and notes Chechen reliance on inherited 2S3 self-propelled howitzers. | Accessed: 2026-06-30Bellingcat SAA vehicle losses 2011-2017Publisher: Bellingcat | Note: Directly supports 2011 Syrian Civil War use: lists the 2S3 Akatsiya among Syrian Arab Army armored fighting vehicles actively used and lost from 2011 to 2017. | Accessed: 2026-06-30The Fight For Nagorno-Karabakh: Documenting Losses On The Sides Of Armenia And AzerbaijanPublisher: Oryx | Note: Directly supports 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict use: visually documents 152 mm 2S3 Akatsiya self-propelled howitzers fielded by Armenia / Artsakh and destroyed during the 2020 fighting. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Intense battles continued all nightPublisher: Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan | Note: Directly supports 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict use: reports Armenian-side 2S3 Akatsiya self-propelled artillery mounts used by Armenia / Artsakh and destroyed or disabled by Azerbaijani fire on 9-10 October 2020. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Disaster at TarhunaPublisher: Oryx | Note: Directly supports 2014 Second Libyan Civil War use: documents GNA capture of three apparently operational 152 mm 2S3 Akatsiya self-propelled guns at Tarhuna after the LNA withdrawal. | Accessed: 2026-07-02File:2S3 Akatsiya in Kyiv.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Image provenance source; the file page identifies the vehicle and lists a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 license. | Accessed: 2026-06-20File:2S3 Akatsiya.JPEGPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Image provenance source; the file page identifies the Akatsiya image and lists reuse licensing terms. | Accessed: 2026-06-30Krasnopol guided shellsPublisher: Army Recognition | Note: Supports that Krasnopol projectiles are fired mainly from self-propelled howitzers such as the 2S3 Akatsiya and other 152 mm artillery systems. | Accessed: 2026-06-23