Artilleria

Lanzador de mortero, 82 mm

Esta entrada cubre la clase de calibre de lanzadores de mortero de 82 mm, no un unico modelo de fabrica, e incluye disenos BM/PM de patron sovietico, sistemas posteriores 2B14/2B24 y derivados nacionales. Las fuentes de uso directo en conflictos vinculan indicios de lanzadores de 82 mm o sistemas de mortero con material de Boko Haram/ISWAP en la cuenca del lago Chad, imagenes rebeldes en Mali, fuerzas iraquies en torno a Mosul e informes de apoyo de fuego huthi en Yemen.

Lanzador de mortero, 82 mm, Lanzador de mortero portatil de anima lisa, Artilleria
Image source: 82mm mortar training image

Role in Conflicts

2009 Boko Haram Insurgency
Fire SupportInsurgent / Guerrilla Use

Investigaciones sobre la cuenca del lago Chad respaldadas por la ONU enumeran lanzadores de mortero entre las principales armas ligeras manufacturadas usadas por Boko Haram, junto con bombas de mortero de 60, 81 y 82 mm; informes de defensa nigerianos de mayo de 2023 tambien registraron espoletas de mortero de 82 mm y placas base de mortero recuperadas durante operaciones de despeje de Operation Hadin Kai.

2012 Mali War
Fire SupportInsurgent / Guerrilla Use
Side
Rebel and jihadist armed groups

Conflict Armament Research y Small Arms Survey documentaron un mortero de 81/82 mm en imagenes difundidas por Ansar ed-Din del asalto rebelde de enero de 2012 contra Aguelhok, aunque senalaron que la calidad de la imagen impedia una identificacion mas precisa mas alla del calibre.

2014 Yemen Civil War
Fire Support

Un anexo de una carta del Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU de enero de 2019 sobre violaciones del alto el fuego en Hodeidah enumera incidentes de fuego indirecto huthi en los que proyectiles de mortero de 82 mm atacaron a fuerzas de resistencia, incluido Jabaliyah el 12 de enero de 2019; Yemeni Archive tambien evaluo un ataque de febrero de 2022 contra un hospital de Taiz como un proyectil de mortero de 81/82 mm disparado por fuerzas gubernamentales.

Role details
Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Varios paises; comunmente disenos de mortero de 82 mm de patron sovietico y derivados
Type
Lanzador de mortero portatil de anima lisa
Service note
Familia de morteros de 82 mm desde la Guerra Fria hasta el presente
Designer
Varios bureaus nacionales de diseno de armamento
Designed
Desde la decada de 1930 para morteros de 82 mm de patron sovietico; decada de 1980 para el diseno de referencia 2B14 Podnos
Produced
Decada de 1930-presente, segun el modelo y el fabricante
Number built
No agregado publicamente entre las familias de morteros de 82 mm

Specifications

Calibre
82 mm; lanzadores de mortero de anima lisa de patron sovietico y derivados de esta clase
Tipo de lanzador
Normalmente mortero de anima lisa cargado por la boca y disparado por caida, con tubo o canon, bipode, mira y placa base
Dotacion
Los sistemas representativos de 82 mm suelen estar en torno a 4-5 personas: las fuentes del 2B14 a menudo listan cuatro, mientras que Rosoboronexport lista cinco para el 2B24
Peso representativo
Unos 42 kg en posicion de tiro para el 2B14 Podnos; 45 kg mas o menos 4 por ciento en accion para el 2B24 de Rosoboronexport; los ejemplos mas antiguos de la familia BM-37 suelen estar en torno a 56-57 kg
Alcance representativo
Los morteros mas antiguos de la familia BM-37 alcanzan aproximadamente 3,0-3,1 km como maximo; las referencias del 2B14 indican aproximadamente 4,0-4,27 km; Rosoboronexport lista el 2B24 entre 100 m y al menos 6.000 m
Cadencia de fuego representativa
Las referencias de la familia BM-37 suelen listar 15-25 disparos por minuto o hasta 30; las referencias del 2B14 listan aproximadamente 24-30 como maximo; Rosoboronexport lista al menos 20 disparos por minuto para el 2B24
Municion
Bombas de mortero no guiadas de 82 mm estabilizadas por aletas; la compatibilidad y el rendimiento balistico varian segun el lanzador y la bomba
Longitud representativa del canon
1.220 mm en el lanzador de mortero de 82 mm modelo 1977 de ROMARM
Arco de tiro representativo
Elevacion de 45 a 85 grados en lanzadores representativos rumanos y de patron sovietico de 82 mm
Designation Boundary

Esta entrada es una pagina amplia de clase de lanzadores de 82 mm, no un unico modelo de fabrica. BM-37, PM-37, M-37, Type 53, 2B14 Podnos, 2B24 y M69 identifican lanzadores relacionados pero no intercambiables, con historiales de produccion y cifras de rendimiento diferentes.

Patron sovietico antiguo

Los morteros de la familia BM/PM/M-37 anclan el linaje sovietico de guerra y muchas copias posteriores.

Patron ruso posterior

Las cifras de 2B14 y 2B24 son ejemplos especificos de modelo, no limites aplicables a toda la clase.

Filas de conflicto

Las notas de uso en conflicto permanecen asociadas solo cuando una fuente documenta directamente lanzadores de mortero de 82 mm, sistemas relacionados o componentes de lanzador recuperados en ese conflicto.

Fuentes: 82mm BM-37; Finnish Army 82 mm Mortars; 82mm 2B14 Podnos; Rosoboronexport 2B24 Mortar; Rostec 2B24 Light Mortars; 82 mm M69A Mortar.

Variants

Esta pagina trata los lanzadores de mortero de 82 mm como un registro de clase de calibre. Las filas de variantes separan el linaje sovietico BM/PM, las copias chinas, los disenos rusos posteriores 2B14/2B24 y miembros balcanicos de 82 mm; las especificaciones por modelo se mantienen limitadas a lo respaldado por las fuentes.

VariantConfigurationDesignation notes
82-BM-37 / PM-37 / M-37Familia base sovietica de morteros de batallon

WeaponSystems.net trata BM-36, BM-37, BM-41, BM-43 y M-37M como miembros relacionados de la familia sovietica de morteros de 82 mm; Jaeger Platoon ofrece datos separados de servicio finlandes para ejemplos 82-BM-37 y 82-BM-41.

Sources: 82mm BM-37, Finnish Army 82 mm Mortars

Chinese Type 53 82 mm mortarCopia de produccion china

WeaponSystems.net lista el Type 53 como produccion china de la familia BM-37/M-37M, y Jaeger Platoon describe el Type 53 como una copia del 82-BM-37 sovietico.

Sources: 82mm BM-37, Finnish Army 82 mm Mortars

2B14 Podnos, 82 mm smoothbore mortar, Artillery2B14 PodnosMortero portatil sovietico/ruso posterior de 82 mm

WeaponSystems.net presenta el 2B14 Podnos como el mortero mejorado de 82 mm que sustituyo la produccion de la familia PM-37 mas antigua en el servicio de Europa oriental.

Sources: 82mm 2B14 Podnos

2B24 82 mm mortarMortero ruso moderno de 82 mm

Rosoboronexport lista el 2B24 con dotacion de cinco personas, peso en accion de 45 kg, alcance maximo de al menos 6.000 m con la bomba 3-0-26 y cambio de posicion en 30 segundos.

Sources: Rosoboronexport 2B24 Mortar

82 mm M69 mortar, 82 mm smoothbore infantry mortar, Artillery82 mm M69 mortarMortero de infanteria yugoslavo/serbio de 82 mm

Yugoimport describe el M69A como un mortero de 82 mm con dotacion de cuatro personas, mira NSB-3 y funcion de apoyo de fuego de angulo alto.

Sources: 82 mm M69A Mortar

Municion disparada

Los lanzadores representativos de mortero de anima lisa de 82 mm disparan bombas de mortero estabilizadas por aletas; el registro enlazado VO-832DU documenta una municion catalogada de alto explosivo de esa familia.

AmmunitionAmmunition typeFiring evidence
82mm Mortar Round VO-832DU, 82 mm high-explosive mortar bomb / mortar round, Munitions82mm Mortar Round VO-832DUBomba de mortero de alto explosivo de 82 mm

Arcus y BULCOMERS listan la VO-832DU como municion para morteros compatibles de anima lisa de 82 mm, incluido el 2B14 Podnos y otros modelos de mortero de 82 mm.

Sources: 82mm HE Mortar Bomb VO-832DU, 82mm Mortar Round VO-832DU

Timeline

Lanzador de mortero, 82 mm Key Events

  1. La familia BM-37 entra en servicio sovietico

    WeaponSystems.net identifica la familia BM-37 como la linea estandar sovietica de morteros de 82 mm desarrollada antes de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, mientras que Jaeger Platoon presenta el 82-BM-37 como el mortero sovietico de 82 mm modelo 1937.

    Sources: 82mm BM-37, Finnish Army 82 mm Mortars

  2. Aparecen variantes de movilidad en tiempos de guerra

    Referencias especializadas describen BM-41 y BM-43 como intentos de guerra de mejorar la movilidad de la familia BM-37 mediante la adicion de arreglos de bipode con ruedas o similares a un afuste.

    Sources: 82mm BM-37, Finnish Army 82 mm Mortars

  3. La copia Type 53 extiende el patron M-37

    WeaponSystems.net y Jaeger Platoon identifican ambos el Type 53 como produccion o copia china de la familia sovietica BM-37/M-37M.

    Sources: 82mm BM-37, Finnish Army 82 mm Mortars

  4. El 2B14 Podnos se convierte en un diseno de referencia posterior

    WeaponSystems.net describe el 2B14 Podnos como un mortero sovietico/ruso posterior de 82 mm que reemplazo la produccion de la familia PM-37 mas antigua en muchos inventarios de Europa oriental.

    Sources: 82mm 2B14 Podnos

  5. Rostec informa una entrega de 2B24

    Rostec informo de un nuevo lote de morteros ligeros 2B24 de 82 mm suministrado a las Fuerzas Armadas rusas, lo que muestra la produccion y el despliegue continuados de sistemas modernos de 82 mm.

    Sources: Rostec 2B24 Light Mortars

Media

Lanzador de mortero, 82 mm Videos

Lanzador de mortero, 82 mm Images

Lanzador de mortero, 82 mm, Lanzador de mortero portatil de anima lisa, Artilleria - view 1
Source: Afghan soldiers and police fire heavy weapons
Lanzador de mortero, 82 mm, Lanzador de mortero portatil de anima lisa, Artilleria - view 2
Source: 110130-N-9584H-093 82mm mortar image
Related Weapon Systems
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Sources

Weapons and Ammunition Dynamics in the Lake Chad BasinPublisher: United Nations Department of Peace Operations / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs / Lake Chad Basin Commission | Note: Supports 2009 Boko Haram Insurgency direct conflict use: mortar launchers used by Boko Haram are listed among main manufactured light weapons, with 82 mm mortar bombs listed in the same Boko Haram typology. | Accessed: 2026-06-21511 Boko Haram Terrorists Surrender, Troops Rescue Chibok Girl - DHQPublisher: Channels Television | Note: Supports 2009 Boko Haram Insurgency direct-use context: 82 mm mortar fuzes and mortar base plates fielded by Boko Haram/ISWAP were reported recovered during Operation Hadin Kai clearance operations. | Accessed: 2026-06-21Weapon Supplies Fuelling Terrorism in the Lake Chad CrisisPublisher: Conflict Armament Research | Note: Supports background on field documentation of arms and ammunition seized from JAS/Boko Haram and ISWAP-linked groups around Lake Chad. | Accessed: 2026-06-2182mm 2B14 PodnosPublisher: Weaponsystems.net | Note: Supports representative 82 mm mortar background, manufacturer context, caliber, crew, weight, range, rate of fire, and portability specifications for the 2B14 Podnos. | Accessed: 2026-07-0282mm BM-37Publisher: WeaponSystems.net | Note: Supports BM-37-family designation structure, BM-36/BM-37/BM-41/BM-43/M-37M variant distinctions, Type 53 production context, general design, and older-family representative specifications. | Accessed: 2026-07-02Finnish Army 82 mm MortarsPublisher: Jaeger Platoon | Note: Supports specialist historical detail for captured Soviet 82 mm mortar models, BM-37/BM-41/BM-43 design notes, Type 53 copy context, 82 mm and 81 mm ammunition caveats, and representative BM-family specifications. | Accessed: 2026-07-02ROMARM 82 mm Mortar Launcher DatasheetPublisher: ROMARM | Note: Supports official manufacturer context for a representative 82 mm smoothbore mortar launcher, including role, caliber, barrel length, range, elevation, rate of fire, combat weight, component weights, and packaging. | Accessed: 2026-07-02Rosoboronexport 2B24 MortarPublisher: Rosoboronexport | Note: Supports official 2B24 role and specifications: 82 mm caliber, 45 kg action weight, five-person crew, 100-6,000 m range, at least 20 rounds per minute, traverse, elevation, and 30-second changeover. | Accessed: 2026-07-02Rostec 2B24 Light MortarsPublisher: Rostec | Note: Supports 2024 Russian Armed Forces delivery context for 2B24 light 82 mm mortars and their 30-second deployment claim. | Accessed: 2026-07-0282 mm M69A MortarPublisher: Yugoimport-SDPR | Note: Supports M69A family context, crew, sight, range, elevation, rate of fire, and 82 mm mortar-launcher variant coverage. | Accessed: 2026-07-0282mm HE Mortar Bomb VO-832DUPublisher: Arcus JSC | Note: Supports 82 mm smooth-bore mortar ammunition compatibility, including the 2B14 Podnos and related 82 mm mortar models. | Accessed: 2026-07-0282mm Mortar Round VO-832DUPublisher: BULCOMERS KS Ltd. | Note: Supports 82 mm smooth-bore mortar compatibility and VO-832DU ammunition specifications for the linked ammunition relationship. | Accessed: 2026-07-02Rebel Forces in Northern MaliPublisher: Small Arms Survey / Conflict Armament Research | Note: Supports 2012 Mali War direct-use context: an 81/82 mm mortar appeared in Ansar ed-Din-released footage from the January 2012 Aguelhok assault, with source caveat that exact model identification beyond caliber was not possible. | Accessed: 2026-07-02US-Led Coalition Weapons Choice Endangers Mosul CiviliansPublisher: Human Rights Watch | Note: Supports 2014 War Against the Islamic State direct-use context: Reuters photographs cited by Human Rights Watch showed Iraqi Emergency Response Division forces loading and firing an Al-Jaleel 82 mm mortar system outside Mosul in May 2017. | Accessed: 2026-07-02UN Security Council Yemen Hodeidah Ceasefire LetterPublisher: United Nations Security Council | Note: Supports 2014 Yemen Civil War direct-use context: the annex records Houthi indirect-fire incidents involving 82 mm mortar shells during Hodeidah ceasefire violations in January 2019. | Accessed: 2026-07-02Yemeni Archive Al Wahda HospitalPublisher: Yemeni Archive | Note: Supports 2014 Yemen Civil War direct-use context: Yemeni Archive concluded that an 81/82 mm mortar shell fired by government forces struck Al Wahda Maternity and Children Hospital in Taiz on 25 February 2022. | Accessed: 2026-07-0482mm mortar training imagePublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and public-domain U.S. Navy licensing for the primary 82 mm mortar launcher image. | Accessed: 2026-06-21Afghan soldiers and police fire heavy weaponsPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and public-domain U.S. Navy licensing for the 82 mm mortar firing gallery image. | Accessed: 2026-06-21110130-N-9584H-093 82mm mortar imagePublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and public-domain U.S. Navy licensing for the 82 mm mortar sighting gallery image. | Accessed: 2026-06-21