Aeronaves y UAV

Bayraktar TB2

Also known as
  • Bayraktar-2
  • TB-2

El Bayraktar TB2 es un UAV armado MALE turco construido por Baykar para misiones de inteligencia, vigilancia, reconocimiento y ataque de precisión. Desarrollado desde 2012 y entregado al inventario turco en 2014, Baykar informa más de 1,25 millones de horas de vuelo operativas, y la aeronave se convirtió en uno de los drones armados más visibles de la década de 2020 mediante su uso documentado en Ucrania, Libia, Nagorno-Karabakh, el Sahel, Sudán, Somalia y otros conflictos.

Role in Conflicts

Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Turquía
Built by
Baykar
Built in
Turkey
Type
UAV MALE de altitud media y gran autonomía
Service note
Guerra moderna con drones
Designed
2012
Unit cost
Costo flyaway estimado: alrededor de US$8,94 millones por sistema
Produced
2012-presente
Number built
Al menos 500 vehículos aéreos para 2023

Specifications

Tripulación
Aeronave no tripulada; operada desde una estación de control terrestre
Dimensiones
Longitud 6,5 m; envergadura 12 m; altura 2,2 m
Peso
MTOW 700 kg; carga útil 150 kg
Rendimiento
Autonomía de más de 20 horas; 90-110 KTAS; techo de servicio 22.000 ft; altitud operativa 16.000 ft
Récord de vuelo
27 horas y 3 minutos en una demostración en Kuwait en julio de 2019, según Baykar
Comunicaciones
Comunicaciones de línea de vista y más allá de la línea de vista; el TB2 usa tres bandas para control LOS y transmisión de video
Control
Rodaje, despegue, crucero, aterrizaje y estacionamiento totalmente autónomos; arquitectura de piloto automático y fusión de sensores con triple redundancia
Planta motriz
Motor de combustión interna de 100 hp
Cargas útiles
Opciones simultáneas de designador EO/IR/láser o radar de vigilancia; Baykar lista municiones guiadas por láser, guiadas por INS/GPS, guiadas por IR y minimisiles de crucero
Armamento
Baykar lista MAM-L y MAM-C entre las municiones nacionales del TB2; material de exportación polaco describe cuatro puntos de suspensión bajo las alas
Operational profile

Baykar presenta el TB2 como un UAV MALE con capacidad de combate, controles de vuelo autónomos, aviónica redundante y un conjunto de cargas útiles construido para vigilancia, designación de blancos y ataque de precisión.

Automatización de vuelo

Baykar lista rodaje, despegue, crucero, aterrizaje y estacionamiento autónomos con un piloto automático de triple redundancia.

El paquete de automatización apoya operaciones repetibles desde estaciones de control terrestre.

Enlace de control

La especificación oficial lista comunicaciones LOS y BLOS, además de tres bandas para control LOS y transmisión de video.

La aeronave está documentada como una plataforma en red operada remotamente, no como un problema de control de corto alcance al estilo de un cuadricóptero.

Configuración de carga útil

Baykar lista opciones EO/IR/designador láser o radar de vigilancia, con clases de municiones guiadas por láser, INS/GPS e IR.

La configuración pública enfatiza la flexibilidad ISR y de ataque en lugar de un solo tipo de munición.

Municiones inteligentes conocidas

Baykar nombra MAM-L y MAM-C, y el material de exportación polaco describe cuatro puntos de suspensión bajo las alas.

Las funciones de reconocimiento, designación de blancos y ataque de precisión de la aeronave están estrechamente conectadas.

Variants

Las filas con fuentes sobre la familia TB2 que aparecen abajo distinguen las líneas posteriores de desarrollo SATCOM y turbo-AI respecto de la aeronave de base.

VariantConfigurationDesignation notes
Bayraktar TB2SDesarrollo con capacidad SATCOM

Shephard describe el TB2S como una variante del TB2 con radomo SATCOM y enlace de control satelital, mientras que un resumen de noticias de defensa informó que el TB2S integrado con SATCOM de Baykar, desarrollado sobre la plataforma TB2, había realizado su primer vuelo.

Sources: Bayraktar TB2 - Shephard Defence Insight, SATCOM and Space Systems Update - TB2S

Bayraktar TB2T-AIDesarrollo con motor turbo y computadora de IA

Baykar describe el TB2T-AI como un desarrollo del TB2 con motor turbo y asistencia de IA, con nuevas características aerodinámicas, y dijo posteriormente que la aeronave de prueba alcanzó 37.096 ft al batir su propio récord de altitud.

Sources: Bayraktar TB2T-AI UCAV Takes to the Skies, Bayraktar TB2T-AI altitude record

Carried Munitions

Baykar publicly lists the TB2 with the MAM-L and MAM-C smart micro munition family.

Carried itemItem typeCarriage evidence
MAM-L guided bomb, Laser-guided smart micro munition, MunitionsMAM-L guided bombLaser-guided smart micro munition

Baykar lists MAM-L among the TB2's national munitions, and its export material says the system can carry guided munitions on four suspension points under the wings.

Sources: Bayraktar TB2, Poland receives 1st batch of Turkish Bayraktar TB2 combat drones

MAM-C guided bomb, Laser-guided smart micro munition, MunitionsMAM-C guided bombLaser-guided smart micro munition

Baykar lists MAM-C among the TB2's national munitions and in its payload-systems catalog.

Sources: Bayraktar TB2, Payload Systems

Sensor Payloads

TB2 operations are tied to electro-optical and infrared targeting payloads used for surveillance, target designation, and strike support.

Carried itemItem typeCarriage evidence
EO/IR Pod, Electro-optical/infrared airborne sensor pod, Support EquipmentEO/IR PodElectro-optical/infrared targeting sensor pod

Baykar lists simultaneous EO/IR/laser-designator payload carriage among the TB2's payload options. Global Affairs Canada separately assessed credible evidence that Bayraktar TB2 UAVs equipped with Canadian sensors were used in Nagorno-Karabakh and discussed Turkish UAVs with Canadian sensors in Libya and Syria-related operations.

Sources: Bayraktar TB2, Final report: Review of export permits to Türkiye

Timeline

Bayraktar TB2 Key Events

  1. Development and production process begins

    Baykar's history page marks 2012 as the start of the Tactical UAV project's development and production process.

    Sources: Baykar history

  2. First autonomous flight test

    Baykar credits the TB2 with its first fully autonomous flight test in 2014.

    Sources: Baykar history

  3. First delivery to Turkish inventory

    Baykar says the first TB2 set was delivered in 2014, and later noted that the first operational airframe entered Turkish inventory that same year.

    Sources: Baykar history, First Bayraktar TB2 service retirement

  4. First fired-munitions demonstration

    Baykar's history page marks 2015 as the first demonstration of fired munitions from the TB2.

    Sources: Baykar history

  5. 500th air vehicle rolls off the line

    Baykar's history page says the 500th Bayraktar TB2 UCAV rolled off the production line in 2023.

    Sources: Baykar history

  6. Passes 1 million flight hours

    Baykar announced in December 2024 that the TB2 had surpassed 1 million flight hours, a major milestone for the platform.

    Sources: TB2 1 million flight hours

  7. TB2T-AI turbo development flies

    Baykar announced that the TB2T-AI, a turbo-engine and AI-computer development path for the TB2 family, had taken to the skies.

    Sources: Bayraktar TB2T-AI UCAV Takes to the Skies

  8. TB2 export contracts reach 35 countries

    Baykar said it had signed export contracts with 35 countries for the Bayraktar TB2 UCAV, reflecting the platform's unusually broad export footprint.

    Sources: Baykar anchors at the summit of Turkish exports

Media
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Related News

Sources