Infantry Weapons

F1 hand grenade

Also known as
  • F-1 grenade
  • limonka
  • F1 grenade
  • F-1 hand grenade

The Soviet F1 hand grenade is a defensive anti-personnel fragmentation grenade with a cast-iron body, 60 grams of TNT, and a 3.2-to-4.2-second UZRGM fuze delay. U.S. Army reference data treats the F1 as a widely copied threat grenade, and 2014 Russia-Ukraine War reporting documents it as a larger hand-grenade payload for Mavic-type drop drones.

F1 hand grenade, Defensive anti-personnel fragmentation hand grenade, Infantry Weapons
Image source: File:Soviet F1 hand grenade.jpg

Role in Conflicts

Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Soviet Union
Built by
Soviet
Type
Defensive anti-personnel fragmentation hand grenade
Service note
World War II-era Soviet defensive grenade still appearing in 2014 Russia-Ukraine War drone-drop reporting

Specifications

Weight
600 g
Body material
Cast iron
Fill
60 g TNT
Diameter
55 mm
Fuze type
Striker release, UZRGM
Fuze delay
3.2 to 4.2 seconds
Range thrown
30 m
Lethal radius
20 to 30 m
Role
Defensive anti-personnel fragmentation grenade
Variants

F1-family rows below cover documented copies and current analogs rather than a single Soviet production block.

VariantConfigurationDesignation notes
Type 1Chinese copy

The U.S. Army grenade manual notes that the F1 was copied or produced by numerous Warsaw Pact and former Soviet client states, including China as the Type 1.

Sources: FM 3-23.30 Grenades and Pyrotechnic Signals

Ukrainian F-1 analogDomestic defensive fragmentation grenade

Ukraine's Ministry of Defence said in September 2024 that it had codified and adopted a Ukrainian-made defensive anti-personnel fragmentation grenade as an analog of the Soviet F-1.

Sources: The Ministry of Defence has codified Ukrainian-made hand grenades

Carrier UAVs

2014 Russia-Ukraine War reporting identifies Mavic-type quadcopters as drop drones that can carry larger fragmentation hand grenades such as the F1.

CarrierCarrier typeCarriage evidence
DJI Mavic series, Commercial quadcopter UAV, Aircraft & UAVsDJI Mavic seriesCommercial multirotor UAV

CTC West Point describes Mavic-type drones in Ukraine carrying one larger grenade such as the F1, and DroneXL reported a Ukrainian DJI Mavic 3 dropping an F1 hand grenade on Russian troops.

Sources: Moving Targets: Implications of the Russo-Ukrainian War for Drone Terrorism, Mavic 3 drops grenade with deadly accuracy

Timeline

F1 hand grenade Key Events

  1. Soviet F1 in service

    Military Factory and U.S. Army reference data place the F1 in the Soviet defensive fragmentation hand-grenade family that remained in wide service and copy production.

    Sources: F1 (Hand Grenade - Soviet) - Military Factory, FM 3-23.30 Grenades and Pyrotechnic Signals

  2. Ukrainian Mavic F1 drop reported

    DroneXL reported an OSINT-documented Ukrainian DJI Mavic 3 dropping an F1 hand grenade on Russian troops near Novohryhorivka in Mykolaiv Oblast.

    Sources: Mavic 3 drops grenade with deadly accuracy

  3. Ukraine codifies domestic analog

    Ukraine's Ministry of Defence announced codification and adoption of a Ukrainian-made anti-personnel fragmentation defensive grenade analogous to the Soviet F-1.

    Sources: The Ministry of Defence has codified Ukrainian-made hand grenades

Media

F1 hand grenade Images

F1 hand grenade, Defensive anti-personnel fragmentation hand grenade, Infantry Weapons - view 1
Source: File:F1 grenade Soviet RCR Museum.jpg
Related Weapon Systems
Type 86P hand grenade, All-plastic defensive fragmentation hand grenade, Infantry WeaponsInfantry WeaponsType 86P hand grenadeAll-plastic defensive fragmentation hand grenadeThe Type 86P, also described in Chinese as the 86式全塑无柄手榴弹, is a Chinese all-plastic fragmentation hand grenade standardized in 1986 with an ovoid body, striker-release delay fuze, and about 1,600 embedded steel balls. Technical references disagree on the explosive fill, while conflict reporting documents the type in Iraq weapons caches, Boko Haram-captured materiel in northeast Nigeria, and opposition-area Syrian arms-market listings.
Drone-dropped fragmentation grenade, Improvised grenade-drop tactic using a commercial UAV, Aircraft & UAVsAircraft & UAVsDrone-dropped fragmentation grenadeImprovised grenade-drop tactic using a commercial UAVDrone-dropped fragmentation grenade is a field-adapted strike method that uses commercial quadcopters or similar small UAVs to release hand grenades or comparable fragmentation charges. Reporting from Ukraine and Gaza ties the method to improvised battlefield use by multiple sides, while a 2025 U.S. Army test with a Skydio X10D, an Audible dropper, and an M67 grenade shows the same concept moving into formal experimentation.
PG-7VM rocket-propelled grenade, RPG-7 HEAT rocket-propelled grenade round, MunitionsMunitionsPG-7VM rocket-propelled grenadeRPG-7 HEAT rocket-propelled grenade roundThe PG-7VM is an RPG-7-compatible high-explosive anti-tank round built around the smaller PG-7M-class shaped-charge grenade. VMZ Sopot and STV Group publish closely aligned data for a roughly 1.97 kg round with a 300 m direct-fire range, 500 m sighting range, and about 300 mm armor penetration; conflict evidence documents the round in PKK, Islamic State, and Iraqi insurgent stocks, usually as seized or photographed ammunition rather than a named firing incident.

Sources

F1 (Hand Grenade - Soviet) - Military FactoryPublisher: Military Factory | Note: Supports the Soviet F1 grenade's defensive fragmentation role, origin context, and published weight, fill, diameter, and fuze-delay specifications. | Accessed: 2026-06-29FM 3-23.30 Grenades and Pyrotechnic SignalsPublisher: U.S. Department of the Army | Note: Supports F1 threat-grenade specifications, including cast-iron body, 600 g weight, 60 g TNT fill, UZRGM fuze, 3.2-to-4.2-second delay, 30 m throw range, 20-to-30 m lethal radius, and copy-production context. | Accessed: 2026-06-29Moving Targets: Implications of the Russo-Ukrainian War for Drone TerrorismPublisher: Combating Terrorism Center at West Point | Note: Directly supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War use by Russian and Ukrainian forces of Mavic-type drop drones carrying F1 fragmentation hand grenades as larger drone-drop payloads. | Accessed: 2026-06-29The Ministry of Defence has codified Ukrainian-made hand grenadesPublisher: Ministry of Defence of Ukraine | Note: Supports Ukraine's September 2024 codification and adoption of a Ukrainian-made anti-personnel fragmentation defensive grenade as an analog of the Soviet F-1. | Accessed: 2026-06-29File:Soviet F1 hand grenade.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Image provenance and licensing page for the primary F1 hand grenade photograph. | Accessed: 2026-06-29File:F1 grenade Soviet RCR Museum.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Image provenance and licensing page for a second F1 hand grenade photograph in the gallery. | Accessed: 2026-06-29Mavic 3 drops grenade with deadly accuracyPublisher: DroneXL | Note: Directly supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War use by Ukrainian forces of a DJI Mavic 3 to drop an F1 hand grenade on Russian troops near Novohryhorivka in Ukraine. | Accessed: 2026-06-29