Manufacturer catalog

Soviet

Soviet is used here as a historical catalog builder label for the state-directed Soviet defense-industrial system, not a single surviving company. It covers Soviet-era ministries, design bureaus, arsenals, ammunition plants, and production enterprises when a weapon record does not identify a more specific bureau or factory.

17 weapons

Soviet defense production was organized through state institutions rather than a conventional corporate manufacturer. CIA analysis describes a weapons industry divided among defense-industrial ministries that supervised design bureaus, research facilities, and production enterprises, while academic work on the World War II system describes specialized commissariats for aircraft, shipbuilding, armament, and ammunition, backed by subcontractors and military acceptance representatives.

For this catalog, the label is used narrowly as a provenance and manufacturer facet for Soviet-era weapons and munitions where the cataloged record credits the broader Soviet system. Connected entries include infantry weapons such as the F1 hand grenade and MON directional mines, cartridges such as 5.45x39 mm, and ordnance or rocket-artillery munitions such as the 122 mm 9M22K Grad rocket.

The label should not be read as a current operating manufacturer or as a blanket attribution for all Russian or post-Soviet production. Where sources identify a specific successor enterprise, design bureau, arsenal, or post-Soviet national industry, the catalog should use that more precise builder profile instead.

State defense industryArmamentsMunitionsSmall arms ammunitionHand grenadesLand minesRocket artillery munitionsMilitary production

Notable Systems

F1 hand grenade, Defensive anti-personnel fragmentation hand grenade, Infantry Weapons

F1 hand grenade

Defensive anti-personnel fragmentation hand grenade

Defensive fragmentation hand grenade in the catalog. U.S. Army grenade reference material supports the F1 threat-grenade specifications and copy-production context, while the weapon record preserves the detailed system sourcing.

Sources: FM 3-23.30 Grenades and Pyrotechnic Signals
MON-50, Directional fragmentation antipersonnel mine, Infantry Weapons

MON-50

Directional fragmentation antipersonnel mine

Directional fragmentation antipersonnel mine connected to this builder profile; U.S. Army ODIN identifies the MON-50 as a Russian anti-personnel mine and supports its technical background within the Soviet/Russian MON family.

Sources: MON-50 Russian Anti-Personnel Mine
MON-90, Directional fragmentation antipersonnel mine, Infantry Weapons

MON-90

Directional fragmentation antipersonnel mine

Larger MON-family directional antipersonnel mine. U.S. Army ODIN describes the MON-90 as a Soviet-designed directional anti-personnel mine with a plastic body and Claymore-like form.

Sources: MON-90 Russian Anti-Personnel Mine
5.45×39 mm cartridge, Soviet intermediate rifle cartridge, Munitions

5.45x39mm cartridge

Soviet intermediate rifle cartridge

Soviet intermediate rifle cartridge represented by the canonical 5.45×39 mm catalog record. WeaponSystems.net supports its Soviet origin, service status, and baseline cartridge specifications.

Sources: 5.45x39mm Soviet | Weaponsystems.net
122 mm 9M22K Grad rocket, Submunition carrier rocket, Munitions

122 mm 9M22K Grad rocket

Submunition carrier rocket

Grad-family submunition carrier rocket linked to this builder profile. CAT-UXO supports the 9M22K identification as a 122 mm Grad rocket with PTM-3 mine payload and technical characteristics.

Sources: CAT-UXO 122mm 9M22K Grad rocket

Manufacturer History

  1. Soviet Union established

    The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was formed in 1922, creating the state framework that later controlled Soviet defense-industrial ministries, design organizations, arsenals, and production plants.

    Sources: Soviet Union

  2. Industrialization links security and heavy industry

    Harrison's study places the first Five Year Plan at the point when national security, military power, modern industry, and defense orders became tightly connected in Soviet economic planning.

    Sources: The Soviet Defense Industry Complex in World War II

  3. Specialized defense commissariats separated

    Research on the Soviet defense-industry complex describes the breakup of the earlier unified defense-industry commissariat into specialized supply commissariats for aircraft, shipbuilding, armament, and ammunition.

    Sources: The Soviet Defense Industry Complex in World War II

  4. Prewar defense-production scale grows

    The same research estimates a large specialized defense workforce by 1940 and describes a broader supply system that extended from major assembly plants to subcontractors and nonspecialized civilian suppliers.

    Sources: The Soviet Defense Industry Complex in World War II

  5. 5.45x39 mm service-cartridge era begins

    The connected 5.45x39 mm cartridge record tracks a Soviet intermediate rifle round associated with the AK-74 family, illustrating how this broad builder label can cover ammunition as well as complete weapon systems.

    Sources: 5.45x39mm Soviet | Weaponsystems.net

  6. Soviet state dissolved

    The Soviet Union ceased to exist in December 1991. This profile therefore remains a historical catalog label for Soviet-era systems rather than a current company, ministry, or export agency.

    Sources: Collapse of the Soviet Union, Soviet Union

Predecessors
Imperial Russian state arsenals and armaments plants
Successors
Russian defense industryPost-Soviet defense enterprises in former Soviet republics
Website links
CIA declassified Soviet Union analysesSoviet Union reference profileU.S. State Department Soviet dissolution historySoviet defense industry research paper

Soviet is a historical state/industry label, not a surviving company with an official corporate website or single headquarters. The website field points to a U.S. State Department historical reference because no current corporate site exists. Headquarters and map fields are omitted because this profile covers a state-directed defense-industrial system spread across multiple Soviet republics, ministries, design bureaus, arsenals, and factories.

Manufacturer Sources

  • The Soviet Weapons Industry: An OverviewPublisher: Central Intelligence Agency | Note: Supports background on the scale, organization, design-bureau structure, and production emphasis of the Soviet weapons industry. | Accessed: 2026-07-01
  • Soviet Military Industrial ComplexPublisher: Central Intelligence Agency | Note: Supports the description of Soviet military industry as a large state-managed system rather than a single corporate builder. | Accessed: 2026-07-01
  • The Soviet Defense Industry Complex in World War IIPublisher: University of Warwick | Note: Supports historical context for Soviet defense-production ministries, specialized plants, subcontractors, the 1928-1932 industrialization context, 1938 commissariat split, and 1940 defense-production scale. | Accessed: 2026-07-01
  • Soviet UnionPublisher: Encyclopaedia Britannica | Note: Supports the Soviet Union reference link, country context, 1922 formation, and 1991 dissolution background. | Accessed: 2026-07-01
  • Collapse of the Soviet UnionPublisher: Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State | Note: Supports the profile website field and the 1991 dissolution context explaining why this is a historical label without an active official company site. | Accessed: 2026-07-01
  • MON-50 Russian Anti-Personnel MinePublisher: U.S. Army ODIN Worldwide Equipment Guide | Note: Supports the catalog-linked MON-50 notable system and technical background for the Soviet/Russian directional antipersonnel mine family. | Accessed: 2026-07-01
  • MON-90 Russian Anti-Personnel MinePublisher: U.S. Army ODIN Worldwide Equipment Guide | Note: Supports the catalog-linked MON-90 notable system and its identification as a Soviet-designed directional anti-personnel mine. | Accessed: 2026-07-01
  • FM 3-23.30 Grenades and Pyrotechnic SignalsPublisher: U.S. Department of the Army | Note: Supports F1 grenade specifications and copy-production context for the connected F1 hand grenade notable system. | Accessed: 2026-07-01
  • 5.45x39mm Soviet | Weaponsystems.netPublisher: Weaponsystems.net | Note: Supports the 5.45x39 mm cartridge notable system, including Soviet origin, service status, cartridge type, and baseline specifications. | Accessed: 2026-07-01
  • CAT-UXO 122mm 9M22K Grad rocketPublisher: Collective Awareness to UXO | Note: Supports the 122 mm 9M22K Grad rocket notable system, including rocket identification, PTM-3 payload context, and technical characteristics. | Accessed: 2026-07-01
  • Soviet military production facilities - growth of floorspacePublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Image provenance source for a U.S. Department of Defense chart on Soviet military production facilities; Wikimedia Commons marks it public domain as a U.S. federal government work. | Accessed: 2026-07-01

Produced weapons

Category

Air Defense

Systems that contest aircraft, missiles, helicopters, and drones.

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P-35/P-37 Bar Lock radar, Transportable 2D air-surveillance and GCI radar, Air Defense2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +2 moreP-35/P-37 Bar Lock radarTransportable 2D air-surveillance and GCI radarBuilt in: Soviet UnionThe P-35/P-37 Bar Lock family is a Soviet transportable two-coordinate radar line used for air surveillance, fighter guidance, and target assignment to air-defense missile systems. The family links the 1RL110 P-35 Saturn and later 1RL139 P-37 Mech designations, with documented use from North Vietnam's air-defense network, Syria's T4 airbase, and Iraq's 1991 IADS to Russian and Ukrainian radar losses or targeting in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War; open air-defense references also place P-35M/Bar Lock search radar in S-200/SA-5 site architecture.

Category

Infantry Weapons

Portable weapons used by soldiers and small units.

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MON-50, Directional fragmentation antipersonnel mine, Infantry Weapons2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Second Libyan Civil WarMON-50Directional fragmentation antipersonnel mineBuilt in: Soviet Union / Russia / BulgariaThe MON-50 is a Soviet directional fragmentation antipersonnel mine broadly comparable in role to the M18 Claymore, with a plastic body, folding legs, and a forward fragmentation pattern. It can be command-detonated or configured with tripwire and other fuzing, making it a compact infantry obstacle and ambush munition. Direct monitoring sources document MON-50 use by Russian or Russian-aligned forces in eastern Ukraine, the full-scale Russia-Ukraine War, and the 2019-2020 Tripoli fighting in Libya.
MON-90, Directional fragmentation antipersonnel mine, Infantry Weapons2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2014 Second Libyan Civil WarMON-90Directional fragmentation antipersonnel mineBuilt in: Soviet Union / Russia / BulgariaThe MON-90 is a Soviet-designed directional fragmentation antipersonnel mine and the 90 m member of the MON family between the smaller MON-50 and larger MON-100. Technical references describe a plastic-bodied, tree-spike-mounted mine with about 2,000 steel fragments, two M-10 threaded fuze wells, and command or tripwire initiation depending on setup. Direct monitoring sources place MON-90 mines in Russian use in Ukraine after the 2022 invasion and in Russian-linked Tripoli mine contamination during the Second Libyan Civil War.

Category

Munitions

Standalone missiles, bombs, rockets, torpedoes, and guided or unguided explosive payloads.

12/12
85 mm O-365K high-explosive round, 85 mm HE-fragmentation round, Munitions85 mm O-365K high-explosive round85 mm HE-fragmentation roundBuilt in: Soviet UnionThe O-365K is the projectile in the Soviet 53-UO-365K fixed 85 mm high-explosive fragmentation round, used with the 53-O-365K projectile, fuze, and 365-series charge components. It belongs to the shared 85 mm ammunition family for D-44 divisional guns and wartime Soviet 85 mm tank or self-propelled guns, with sources emphasizing fragmentation effects against personnel, equipment, and light fortifications rather than a large demolition charge.
3OF50 High-Explosive Fragmentation rocket-assisted projectile, 120 mm rocket-assisted HE-fragmentation projectile, Munitions2015 Various Conflicts3OF50 High-Explosive Fragmentation rocket-assisted projectile120 mm rocket-assisted HE-fragmentation projectileBuilt in: Soviet Union / RussiaThe 3OF50 is a Soviet-era 120 mm rocket-assisted high-explosive fragmentation projectile for Nona-family gun-mortars such as the 2S9 Nona and 2S23 Nona-SVK. Specialist ammunition references describe a spin-stabilised, nose-fuzed projectile with an A-IX-2-filled warhead and integral rocket motor, while Ukraine explosive-ordnance identification material lists the round among munitions discovered on Ukrainian territory.
OF-45 High-Explosive Fragmentation Projectile, 152 mm high-explosive fragmentation projectile, Munitions2015 Various ConflictsOF-45 High-Explosive Fragmentation Projectile152 mm high-explosive fragmentation projectileBuilt in: Soviet Union / RussiaThe OF-45 is a Soviet/Russian 152 mm high-explosive fragmentation projectile for separate-loading artillery. GICHD describes it as a 1980s steel-bodied HE/FRAG round used with D-20 howitzers and expected around 2S3 Akatsiya positions in Ukraine, while Forecast International identifies OF-45 as part of the newer 152 mm ammunition family fired by the 2S19 Msta-S 2A64 cannon.
5.45×39 mm cartridge, Soviet intermediate rifle cartridge, Munitions5.45×39 mm cartridgeSoviet intermediate rifle cartridgeBuilt in: Soviet Union / Russia / Bulgaria / Poland / Romania / SerbiaThe 5.45×39 mm cartridge is a Soviet intermediate rifle round developed for the AK-74 family and adopted in 1974 as the smaller-caliber successor to the 7.62×39 mm Kalashnikov ammunition line. This relationship-only entry covers official C.I.P. dimensions, service-load variants, and cataloged rifles or squad automatic weapons that fire the cartridge without inheriting conflict-use claims from those parent weapons.

Category

Support Equipment

Transport, logistics, recovery, command, engineering, and other enabling equipment.

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MT-12 sighting suite, Day, indirect-fire, and night sighting equipment set for the MT-12 anti-tank gun, Support EquipmentMT-12 sighting suiteDay, indirect-fire, and night sighting equipment set for the MT-12 anti-tank gunBuilt in: Soviet Union / post-Soviet statesThe MT-12 sighting suite is the standard aiming-equipment set documented for Rapira guns: an OP4MU-40U day optic for direct fire, an S71-40 mechanical sight with PG-1M panoramic sight and K-1 collimator for covered-position fire, and an APN-6-40 / 1PN35 night sight, with the later MT-12R replacing the conventional night/indirect chain with the 1A31 Ruta radar fire-control path.