Aeronaves y UAV

F-16BM MLU

Also known as
  • F-16B MLU
  • F-16BM
  • F-16B Mid-Life Update
  • F-16AM/BM MLU
  • F-16A/B MLU

El F-16BM MLU es la version biplaza Mid-Life Update del F-16B, modernizada con avionica de estilo F-16C/D, capacidad para misiles guiados por radar y sistemas de cabina actualizados, manteniendo la celula basica del F-16. Es relevante como entrenador con capacidad de combate y como caza multirrol operativo; fuentes publicas vinculan la flota F-16AM/BM MLU mas amplia con Kosovo, Libia, el choque aereo India-Pakistan de 2019 de Pakistan y aeronaves AM/BM suministradas a Ucrania durante la guerra Rusia-Ucrania de 2014.

Role in Conflicts

Side
NATO
Role in conflict
Caza MLU de superioridad aerea de la OTAN

Aeronaves neerlandesas F-16AM MLU combatieron en Operation Allied Force; Code One registra que el F-16AM J-063 derribo un MiG-29 serbio en marzo de 1999 como el primer exito de combate del F-16 MLU, mientras que fuentes publicas identifican esto como evidencia del modelo AM y no del modelo BM.

Role in conflict
Aeronave MLU de ataque y patrulla aerea de combate de la OTAN

Operadores europeos de F-16AM MLU participaron en la campana aerea de Libia liderada por la OTAN; RAND documenta funciones de F-16 noruegos, daneses, belgas y neerlandeses, y una carga noruega F-16AM con AMRAAM y GBU-31 JDAM, pero no aisla salidas del modelo BM.

Side
Pakistan
Role in conflict
Caza mas alla del alcance visual y plataforma defensiva de contraaire

Se informo que cazas F-16A/B MLU de la Pakistan Air Force estuvieron en el paquete de Operation Swift Retort tras Balakot; una cuenta vinculada a la Pakistan Air Force identifica al F-16B MLU biplaza con serial 84606 como una de las aeronaves relacionadas con el enfrentamiento del 27 de febrero de 2019.

Sourcing Limits

Fuentes pakistanies e informes de defensa proporcionan el rastro de conflicto mas fuerte especifico del BM porque identifican al F-16B MLU con serial 84606 en relacion con el enfrentamiento aereo del 27 de febrero de 2019. Las fuentes de Kosovo y Libia son solidas para el uso de combate del F-16AM o del F-16 MLU agrupado, pero no aislan salidas del BM biplaza. La cobertura de Ucrania es mas fuerte a nivel de flota AM/BM: las fuentes describen aeronaves F-16AM/BM Block 15 MLU suministradas a Ucrania, pero los informes publicos de salidas suelen identificar las aeronaves ucranianas solo como F-16.

Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Estados Unidos
Type
Actualizacion de avion de caza multirrol biplaza
Service note
Modernizacion MLU de la decada de 1990; aun en servicio de combate y transferencia
Designer
General Dynamics
Designed
Diseno base del F-16B de la decada de 1970; la fase de desarrollo MLU comenzo en 1991
Produced
Produccion original del F-16B desde la era F-16A/B; kits de conversion MLU producidos desde la decada de 1990 en adelante
Developed from
F-16B Fighting Falcon

Specifications

Tripulacion
Dos en la cabina del F-16B/BM
Planta motriz
Un turbofan Pratt & Whitney F100 o General Electric F110, segun la celula y la configuracion del operador
Radar y sistemas de mision
Las aeronaves MLU anadieron computacion de mision modernizada y mejoras de radar de clase APG-66(V)2A para empleo aire-aire y aire-tierra mejorado
Velocidad maxima
Aproximadamente clase Mach 2; el material F-16 de la U.S. Air Force enumera unas 1.500 mph a altitud
Techo de servicio
Mas de 50.000 pies
Armamento
Un canon M61A1 de 20 mm mas estaciones externas para misiles aire-aire, bombas guiadas, armas aire-superficie, tanques, pods y equipo de contramedidas
Paquete de armas MLU documentado
Una notificacion de apoyo rumana para Block 15 MLU enumero AIM-120C AMRAAM, AIM-9M Sidewinder, GBU-12, AGM-65H/KB Maverick, lanzadores LAU-129 y pods ALQ-131
MLU Designation Notes

Los registros F-16BM MLU deben leerse como aeronaves F-16B biplaza modernizadas, no como aeronaves Block 70/72 de nueva construccion. Las fuentes publicas sobre conflictos y transferencias suelen agrupar aeronaves AM y BM porque las flotas operativas mezclan celulas modernizadas monoplaza y biplaza.

DesignacionSignificadoRelevancia del registro
F-16AMF-16A monoplaza tras Mid-Life UpdateA menudo agrupado con aeronaves BM en informes de donantes y operadores.
F-16BMF-16B biplaza tras Mid-Life UpdateEl modelo objetivo de este registro, usado para entrenamiento y misiones multirrol con capacidad de combate.
F-16A/B MLUTermino de flota A/B modernizada agrupadaUsado en material fuente sobre Pakistan y Ucrania cuando no son publicos los conteos exactos de monoplazas o biplazas.
Variants

El sufijo M identifica celulas F-16A/B modernizadas bajo el programa Mid-Life Update; AM es la aeronave monoplaza y BM es su contraparte biplaza.

VariantConfigurationDesignation notes
F-16 Fighting Falcon, Multirole fighter aircraft, Aircraft & UAVsF-16 Fighting FalconParent family record

The family entry covers the broader F-16A/B/C/D, F-16I, F-16V, and Block 70/72 lineage.

Sources: F-16 Fighting Falcon Fact Sheet

F-16AM MLUContraparte MLU monoplaza

Las celulas F-16A europeas y de exportacion que reciben la Mid-Life Update suelen designarse F-16AM.

Sources: F-16 MLU - Mid-Life Update

F-16 Fighting FalconRegistro de familia matriz

La entrada de familia cubre el linaje mas amplio F-16A/B/C/D, F-16I, F-16V y Block 70/72.

Air-to-Air Missiles

The MLU program gave upgraded F-16A/B aircraft modernized radar-guided air-to-air capability, and a U.S. arms-sales notice for Romanian Block 15 MLU aircraft listed AMRAAM and Sidewinder missiles with LAU-129 launchers.

Carried itemItem typeCarriage evidence
AIM-120 AMRAAM, Beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile, MunitionsAIM-120 AMRAAMBeyond-visual-range air-to-air missile

The AMRAAM family is listed for F-16 carriage, and the Romanian Block 15 MLU support package included AIM-120C AMRAAM missiles for its upgraded F-16 fleet.

Sources: USAF AIM-120 AMRAAM Fact Sheet, F-16 MLU - Mid-Life Update, Romania F-16 Block 15 MLU Arms Sales Notification

AIM-9 Sidewinder missile, Short-range air-to-air missile family, MunitionsAIM-9 Sidewinder missileShort-range air-to-air missile

The Romanian Block 15 MLU support package listed AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles and LAU-129 launchers, which the same notice describes as compatible with the AIM-9 family and AIM-120 AMRAAM.

Sources: Romania F-16 Block 15 MLU Arms Sales Notification

Air-to-Ground Stores

MLU operators used the upgraded F-16A/B fleet as multirole aircraft, with official and research sources documenting precision-bomb and air-to-surface missile support packages.

Carried itemItem typeCarriage evidence
Mk 82 fitted with a Paveway- or Lizard-series guidance kit, 500-pound guided-bomb configuration, MunitionsMk 82 fitted with a Paveway- or Lizard-series guidance kit500-pound laser-guided bomb configuration

The Romanian Block 15 MLU support package listed GBU-12 enhanced guided bomb units, represented in the catalog by the Mk 82/Paveway-Lizard guided-bomb family entry.

Sources: Romania F-16 Block 15 MLU Arms Sales Notification

AGM-65 Maverick, Air-to-surface guided missile, MunitionsAGM-65 MaverickAir-to-surface guided missile

The Romanian Block 15 MLU support package listed AGM-65H/KB Maverick missiles and captive air-training missiles for the F-16 MLU fleet.

Sources: Romania F-16 Block 15 MLU Arms Sales Notification

GBU-31 JDAM (Mk 84 / BLU-109), 2,000-pound GPS/INS-guided bomb configuration, MunitionsGBU-31 JDAM (Mk 84 / BLU-109)2,000-pound JDAM configuration

RAND's Libya campaign study documents a Norwegian F-16AM loadout that included GBU-31 JDAMs, showing the MLU fleet's precision-strike role in coalition service.

Sources: Precision and Purpose

Timeline

F-16BM MLU Key Events

  1. Comienza el estudio MLU

    Usuarios europeos del F-16 y Estados Unidos comenzaron a estudiar una ruta Mid-Life Update para aeronaves F-16A/B, lo que llevo al conjunto de designaciones AM/BM.

    Sources: F-16 MLU - Mid-Life Update

  2. Publicacion de auditoria de subcontratos MLU

    Una auditoria del U.S. Defense Department describio el programa multinacional F-16 Mid-Life Update y las cantidades de kits para Belgica, Dinamarca, Noruega y los Paises Bajos.

    Sources: Subcontract Awards for the F-16 MLU Program

  3. Primer exito de combate del F-16 MLU

    Code One registra que el F-16AM neerlandes J-063 derribo un MiG-29 serbio sobre la ex-Yugoslavia, marcando el primer exito de combate del F-16 MLU.

    Sources: F-16 MLU milestone history

  4. Aeronaves MLU europeas sobre Libia

    RAND documenta la participacion de F-16 noruegos, daneses, belgas y neerlandeses en la campana aerea de Libia de 2011, incluida una carga noruega F-16AM aire-aire y JDAM.

    Sources: Precision and Purpose

  5. Operation Swift Retort

    Pakistan uso aeronaves F-16A/B MLU en el paquete aereo de represalia tras Balakot; el F-16B MLU con serial 84606 se identifica especificamente en cobertura vinculada a la Pakistan Air Force sobre el enfrentamiento.

    Sources: How Pakistan Planned to Hit India Back for Balakot, Arrows Over Konya: Anatolian Eagle

  6. Anuncio del servicio ucraniano del F-16

    El presidente de Ucrania anuncio que aeronaves F-16 estaban en Ucrania y eran utilizadas por pilotos ucranianos durante la guerra Rusia-Ucrania de 2014.

    Sources: Volodymyr Zelenskyy: F-16s Are in Ukraine

Media
Related Weapon Systems
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Lockheed Martin F-21, Multirole fighter aircraft proposal, Aircraft & UAVsAircraft & UAVsLockheed Martin F-21Multirole fighter aircraft proposalThe Lockheed Martin F-21 is an India-specific multirole fighter proposal based on the F-16 Block 70/72 and marketed for the Indian Air Force's MRFA requirement. Lockheed and Tata framed the bid around Indian production, F-16 wing work at Hyderabad, and an aircraft configuration with conformal fuel tanks, a large-area cockpit display, APG-83-class AESA radar, probe-and-drogue plus boom refueling compatibility, and promotional carriage of AMRAAM, AIM-9X, Sniper pod, and AN/ALE-50 stores.
F-16C Barak, Single-seat multirole fighter aircraft, Aircraft & UAVsAircraft & UAVsF-16C BarakSingle-seat multirole fighter aircraftThe F-16C Barak is Israel's locally designated single-seat F-16C, combining the U.S.-designed Fighting Falcon airframe with Israeli service modifications and weapons integration. Public sources identify the F-16C Barak 1 fleet as an Israeli Air Force branch delivered from 1986 and retired in 2024, with direct model-specific evidence covering a Python-5 UAV interception in the 2006 Lebanon War and strike sorties during the 2023 Israel-Hamas War.

Sources