Artillería

Cañón automático 2A72 de 30 mm

Also known as
  • 2A72
  • 30 mm 2A72
  • Cañón automático 2A72
  • Autocañón 2A72
  • Autocañón 2A72 de 30 mm

El 2A72 es un cañón automático ruso de doble alimentación de 30x165 mm diseñado por KBP Instrument Design Bureau y fabricado por Tulamashzavod Joint Stock Company. Es un arma más ligera, accionada por retroceso, de la familia 2A42, usada como cañón coaxial en torretas de tipo BMP-3 y BMD-4M y como arma principal en instalaciones de 30 mm BTR-80A/BTR-82A, con informes directos de fuentes abiertas que vinculan fuego de 2A72 desde BTR-82A con combates cerca de Latakia durante la Guerra Civil Siria de 2011.

Cañón automático 2A72 de 30 mm, Cañón automático de doble alimentación de 30 mm, Artillería
Image source: Commons BTR-82A 2A72 Autocannon 01

Role in Conflicts

Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Rusia
Built in
Russia
Type
Cañón automático de doble alimentación de 30 mm
Service note
Década de 1990-presente
Designer
KBP Instrument Design Bureau
Designed
1995
Produced
Década de 1990-presente

Specifications

Calibre
30 mm
Cartucho
30x165 mm
Sistema de alimentación
Doble alimentación, alimentación seleccionable por cinta
Acción
Accionado por retroceso, con alimentación eléctrica
Velocidad inicial
960 m/s
Cadencia de tiro
400 disparos por minuto
Peso
84 kg
Fuerza de retroceso
6.000 kg
Munición
AP-T y HE-I
Alcance efectivo
1.500 m contra objetivos blindados; 2.000 m contra objetivos ligeramente blindados; 4.000 m contra helicópteros
Carrier Platforms

Las referencias abiertas documentan el 2A72 tanto como arma principal en torretas de APC de ruedas de 30 mm como cañón coaxial en torretas de vehículos de combate de infantería de 100 mm/30 mm.

CarrierCarrier typeCarriage evidence
BTR-82/BTR-82A, 8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrier, Armored VehiclesBTR-82/BTR-82AAPC anfibio 8x8

Rosoboronexport nombra el 2A72 como arma principal del BTR-82A.

Sources: BTR-82A Armoured Personnel Carrier

BTR-80, 8x8 amphibious armored personnel carrier, Armored VehiclesBTR-80Variante APC 8x8 BTR-80A

Army Guide enumera el 2A72 como instalado en el BTR-80A; la entrada del catálogo para el BTR-80 cubre el BTR-80A como alias listado.

Sources: 2A72 - Army Guide

BMP-3, Tracked amphibious infantry fighting vehicle, Armored VehiclesBMP-3IFV anfibio de orugas

Rosoboronexport enumera el conjunto de armamento del BMP-3 con un cañón automático 2A72 de 30 mm y una carga de munición de 500 cartuchos de 30 mm.

Sources: BMP-3 Infantry Fighting Vehicle

BMD-4/BMD-4M, Airborne amphibious infantry fighting vehicle, Armored VehiclesBMD-4/BMD-4MIFV anfibio aerotransportado

Army Guide describe la torreta Bakhcha del BMD-4M como equipada con las mismas armas y munición que el BMP-3 y enumera un 2A72 de 30 mm con 500 cartuchos.

Sources: BMD-4M Sadovnitsa - Army Guide

Ammunition Fired

El 2A72 pertenece a la familia soviética de cañones de 30x165 mm usada por varios cañones automáticos de vehículos terrestres.

AmmunitionAmmunition typeFiring evidence
30x165 mm ammunition, 30x165 mm autocannon ammunition family, Munitions30x165 mm ammunitionFamilia de munición de 30x165 mm

STV GROUP enumera la munición de 30x165 mm como compatible con los cañones automáticos 2A38, 2A42 y 2A72.

Sources: Ammunition 30x165 mm - STV GROUP

Design And Mounting Context

El 2A72 cumple dos funciones habituales de integración: cañón principal estabilizado en torretas de ruedas de estilo BTR-80A/BTR-82A y cañón coaxial de 30 mm junto al cañón-lanzador 2A70 de 100 mm en torretas de tipo BMP-3 y BMD-4M. Weaponsystems.net lo describe como un diseño simplificado de la familia 2A42, accionado por retroceso, mientras que STV GROUP documenta su lugar en la familia de munición de 30x165 mm.

Principio de funcionamiento

Cañón accionado por retroceso con operación de alimentación eléctrica, en lugar de la configuración de cañón fijo accionada por gases del 2A42.

Alimentación y cartucho

Sistema de doble alimentación de 30x165 mm, que permite seleccionar tipos de munición en montajes de vehículo.

Patrón de montaje

Usado como armamento principal en torretas BTR de 30 mm y como cañón coaxial en conjuntos de armamento BMP-3/BMD-4M.

Media

Cañón automático 2A72 de 30 mm Videos

Cañón automático 2A72 de 30 mm Images

Cañón automático 2A72 de 30 mm, Cañón automático de doble alimentación de 30 mm, Artillería - view 1
Source: Commons BTR-82A 2A72 Autocannon 02
Related Weapon Systems
30x165 mm ammunition, 30x165 mm autocannon ammunition family, MunitionsMunitions30x165 mm ammunition30x165 mm autocannon ammunition family30x165 mm ammunition is a Soviet-origin autocannon ammunition family marketed by STV GROUP, MSM Group, and Yugoimport SDPR for Soviet-pattern 30 mm automatic guns. STV lists the family for 2A38, 2A42, and 2A72 autocannons mounted on BMP-2, BMP-3, BMD-2, BMD-3, and BTR-80A platforms, with HE, HEI, HEI-T, HE-T, HE-SR-T, and AP-T variants. Conflict Armament Research also documented a single 30 x 165 mm cartridge ammunition item in its Iraq sample of Islamic State materiel, without identifying the specific round variant or firing platform.
2A14 23 mm cannon, 23 mm gas-operated autocannon, Air DefenseAir Defense2A14 23 mm cannon23 mm gas-operated autocannonThe 2A14 is the air-cooled 23 x 152B mm autocannon at the core of ZU-23 and ZU-23-2 short-range air-defense guns, with a quick-change barrel and a belt-feed layout that can be arranged from either side. Public conflict evidence most often documents it through the mounts that carry it: ZU-23-2 guns in Ukrainian service, SPLA-N air-defense fire in South Kordofan, Armenian and Artsakh losses in Nagorno-Karabakh, Houthi firing around Hudaydah, Tigray Defence Forces heavy weapons, and 2A14-pattern or ZU-23-2-pattern weapons with rebel forces in northern Mali.
BMD-4/BMD-4M, Airborne amphibious infantry fighting vehicle, Armored VehiclesArmored VehiclesBMD-4/BMD-4MAirborne amphibious infantry fighting vehicleThe BMD-4/BMD-4M is a Russian airborne amphibious infantry fighting vehicle built for VDV units, combining a light parachutable tracked chassis with the Bakhcha-U turret's 100 mm 2A70 gun-launcher, 30 mm 2A72 autocannon, and coaxial machine gun. In the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War it appears as a Russian airborne assault vehicle, with visually documented losses at Hostomel and later BMD-4M deliveries showing factory add-on armor, slat armor, and Nakidka signature-reduction kits shaped by the Ukraine battlefield.
BMP-1AM Basurmanin, Modernized infantry fighting vehicle, Armored VehiclesArmored VehiclesBMP-1AM BasurmaninModernized infantry fighting vehicleThe BMP-1AM Basurmanin is a Russian modernization of the BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle that replaces the original 73 mm Grom turret with a BTR-82A-derived fighting compartment carrying a 30 mm 2A72 cannon, PKTM machine gun, updated sights, and Metis anti-tank missile capability. Russian industry sources describe repaired and upgraded vehicles delivered under state defense orders, while Ukrainian and open-source loss reporting place BMP-1AM vehicles in Russian service during the full-scale phase of the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.

Sources

2A72 - Army GuidePublisher: Army Guide | Note: Supports the 2A72's manufacturer, design authority, 1995 public debut, ammunition types, muzzle velocity, rate of fire, weight, recoil force, effective range, and documented installations on Russian platforms. | Accessed: 2026-07-01BTR-82A Armoured Personnel CarrierPublisher: Rosoboronexport | Note: Official export page identifying the BTR-82A main weapon and supporting the carried-by relationship from the cannon to the vehicle. | Accessed: 2026-07-01BMP-3 Infantry Fighting VehiclePublisher: Rosoboronexport | Note: Official export page identifying the BMP-3 armament suite, including the 2A72 30 mm automatic cannon and ammunition load, and supporting the carried-by relationship from the cannon to the vehicle. | Accessed: 2026-07-01BMD-4M Sadovnitsa - Army GuidePublisher: Army Guide | Note: Supports BMD-4M/Bakhcha turret context and identifies the 2A72 as the 30 mm automatic cannon in the BMD-4M armament package. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Ammunition 30x165 mm - STV GROUPPublisher: STV GROUP | Note: Manufacturer page supporting 30x165 mm ammunition compatibility with 2A38, 2A42, and 2A72 automatic guns and listed vehicle installations. | Accessed: 2026-07-0130mm 2A72 - Weaponsystems.netPublisher: Weaponsystems.net | Note: Specialist reference supporting the 2A72's recoil-operated design, 30x165 mm feed context, simplified relationship to the 2A42, and documented applications on BMP-3, BTR-80A, BTR-82, and BMD-4 platforms. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Bellingcat Russian Troops Syria 2A72Publisher: Bellingcat | Note: Supports 2011 Syrian Civil War direct use: assesses fighting near Latakia footage as showing a BTR-82A with a Russian-speaking crew and identifies heard double shots as the vehicle's 30 mm 2A72 cannon firing. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Commons BTR-82A 2A72 Autocannon 01Publisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Image provenance and licensing page for a Commons photograph showing the 2A72 on a BTR-82A. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Commons BTR-82A 2A72 Autocannon 02Publisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Image provenance and licensing page for a second Commons photograph showing the 2A72 on a BTR-82A. | Accessed: 2026-07-01