9M311 surface-to-air missile

The 9M311 is a Soviet two-stage surface-to-air missile family developed for the Tunguska short-range air-defense system. Sources describe it as a radio-command guided missile carried in a launch tube, with a booster stage that accelerates the missile to high speed before the sustaining section continues toward the target. The family is associated with the 2K22 Tunguska and related naval systems.

9M311 surface-to-air missile, Two-stage command-guided surface-to-air missile, Munitions

Image source: Tunguska-M1.JPG

Profile

Origin: Soviet Union
Built by: Soviet UnionRussia
Built in: Soviet UnionRussia
Type: Two-stage command-guided surface-to-air missile
Designer: Soviet Union
Designed: 1970s-early 1980s
Produced: Early 1980s-present?
Variants: 9M311, 9M311-1, 9M311M, 9M311-M1, 9M311K

SAM air defense NATO

Specifications

Guidance: Radio command guidance
Length: About 2.56 m for the complete missile
Weight: About 43.2 kg complete; about 57 kg with launch container
Warhead: 9 kg continuous-rod warhead
Range: About 1.5-8 km depending on variant and launch system
Speed: Over 900 m/s after booster acceleration

Service And Conflict Use

Service History

In service: Entered service in 1982
Used by: Soviet Union, Russia

Carrier Platforms

Sources describe the 9M311 family as carried by the 2K22 Tunguska.

Carrier platform	System type	Documented relationship
2K22 Tunguska	Tracked self-propelled air-defense system	The 2K22 Tunguska carries ready-to-launch 9M311-series missiles.

Carrier Platforms

The 9M311 family is documented as being carried by the 2K22 Tunguska short-range air-defense system.

Carrier

Carrier type

Carriage evidence

Tracked self-propelled air-defense system

The 2K22 Tunguska carries ready-to-fire 9M311-series missiles.

Sources: Weaponsystems.net 9M311

9M311 surface-to-air missile Images

9M311 surface-to-air missile, Two-stage command-guided surface-to-air missile, Munitions - view 1 — Source: Tunguska-M1.JPG

9M311 surface-to-air missile, Two-stage command-guided surface-to-air missile, Munitions - view 2 — Source: Tunguska-M1.JPG

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Sources

Weaponsystems.net 9M311Publisher: Weaponsystems.net | Note: Supports 9M311 origin, type, entry into service, guidance, launch method, dimensions, weight, warhead, missile-family background, and the Tunguska ready-to-fire relationship. | Accessed: 2026-06-23 Missilery.info 9M311Publisher: Missilery.info | Note: Supports the 9M311's two-stage construction, command guidance, dimensions, warhead, and launch-container description. | Accessed: 2026-06-23 Tunguska-M1.JPGPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance for a representative Tunguska-family image. | Accessed: 2026-06-23