Direct proof of use
The 9M311 appears in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War record through Ukrainian 2S6 Tunguska firing footage from October 2022. Ukraine Weapons Tracker identified the vehicle as a 2S6 combat vehicle from the 2K22 Tunguska system in Ukrainian service and described the launch as a 9M311-series missile.
Defence24 republished and discussed the same footage on 16 October 2022, stating that Ukrainian Tunguska systems were part of Ukraine's short-range air-defense layer and that the video showed the launch of a 9M311-family missile.
Sources: Ukraine Weapons Tracker Tunguska Video, Defence24 Ukrainian Tunguska
Timeline
The publicly documented milestone is concentrated in mid-October 2022. On 12 October, Ukraine Weapons Tracker posted the battlefield footage and identified the launcher and missile family. On 16 October, Defence24 treated the footage as a Ukrainian Tunguska action report and explained the system's gun-and-missile air-defense role.
The sources support Ukrainian use of a 9M311-series missile from a Tunguska system, but they do not identify the target, exact location, unit, missile subvariant, or battle-damage result.
Sources: Ukraine Weapons Tracker Tunguska Video, Defence24 Ukrainian Tunguska
Battlefield role
The 9M311 was used as the missile component of the 2K22 Tunguska, a Soviet-designed short-range air-defense system combining 30 mm automatic cannon fire with ready-to-fire surface-to-air missiles. Weaponsystems.net describes the missile as a radio-command-guided surface-to-air missile introduced for the 2S6 Tunguska and notes that sizable numbers of the system entered Ukrainian service after the Soviet breakup.
In the Ukraine footage, the relevant use was air defense rather than ground attack. Defence24 placed the Ukrainian Tunguska alongside other short-range air-defense systems such as Shilka and Gepard, describing the 9M311 family as the longer-reach effector for targets beyond the gun envelope.
Sources: Weaponsystems.net 9M311, Defence24 Ukrainian Tunguska
