Armas de infantería

Ametralladora de propósito general Type 80/PKM-T80

Also known as
  • Type 80 GPMG
  • M80
  • M80 GPMG
  • PKM-T80
  • PKM T80
  • Norinco Type 80

La Type 80 es una ametralladora de propósito general china de patrón PKM, alimentada por cinta y de calibre 7,62x54mmR, también encontrada bajo las designaciones M80 y PKM-T80. La evidencia directa de conflicto abarca documentación de Small Arms Survey sobre armas Type 80 con milicias antigubernamentales sursudanesas en 2011, registros de Conflict Armament Research sobre armas chinas M80 capturadas a fuerzas del Islamic State en Siria en 2014, e informes de AP sobre armas Type 80 o PKM-T80 con combatientes de Hamas en Gaza.

Ametralladora de propósito general Type 80/PKM-T80, Ametralladora de propósito general de 7,62x54mmR, Armas de infantería
Image source: File:Bangladesh Army Type 80 machine gun on display.jpg

Role in Conflicts

Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
China
Built by
Norinco
Type
Ametralladora de propósito general de 7,62x54mmR
Service note
Introducida en 1983 y aún en servicio
Designed
1980
Produced
1983-present
Developed from
Ametralladora de propósito general soviética PKM/PK

Specifications

Calibre
7,62x54mmR
Funcionamiento
Accionada por gas, refrigerada por aire, alimentada por cinta, completamente automática
Peso
12,6 kg
Longitud
1.192 mm
Cadencia de tiro
700-800 disparos por minuto
Velocidad inicial
846 m/s
Alcance efectivo máximo
1.500 m
Alimentación
Cintas/cajas de 100, 200 o 250 cartuchos
Variants

Esta entrada agrupa designaciones estrechamente relacionadas de patrón PKM: Type 80 para el arma china, M80 para una designación china de exportación o de depósito observada en informes de rastreo de conflictos, y PKM-T80 para copias iraníes reportadas en Gaza.

VariantConfigurationDesignation notes
PKM/PK, 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun, Infantry WeaponsPKM/PKOriginal Soviet family

Military Factory describes the Type 80 as a Chinese machine gun patterned on the Soviet PKM family.

Sources: NORINCO Type 80 General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG)

PKM/PKFamilia soviética original

Military Factory describe la Type 80 como una ametralladora china basada en la familia soviética PKM.

Munición disparada

La familia Type 80/M80/PKM-T80 está documentada como una ametralladora de propósito general alimentada por cinta de 7,62x54R o 7,62x54mmR.

AmmunitionAmmunition typeFiring evidence
7.62x54mmR cartridge, Rimmed full-power rifle cartridge, Munitions7.62x54mmR cartridgeCartucho de fusil de plena potencia con pestaña

CAT-UXO identifica la Type 80 como un arma de 7,62x54mmR accionada por gas y alimentada por cinta, y Small Arms Survey señala munición china de 7,62x54R junto con armas Type 80 capturadas a fuerzas SSLM/A.

Sources: Type 80 GPMG, Small Arms Survey Reaching for the Gun

Notas sobre designaciones

Las fuentes usan tres etiquetas para la misma familia de patrón PKM. Type 80 es la designación china, M80 aparece en registros de rastreo de conflictos para armas chinas, y PKM-T80 es la designación de copia iraní reportada en Gaza.

EtiquetaContexto de fuenteNota para el lector
Type 80Arma china de patrón PKM en especificaciones y evidencia de rastreo en Sudán del SurDesignación principal usada para el arma producida en China.
M80Informes de Conflict Armament Research sobre capturas al Islamic State en SiriaDocumentada como una designación china de patrón PK/PKM en registros de rastreo de conflictos.
PKM-T80Informes de AP sobre armas de Hamas en GazaReportada como nombre de copia iraní para el patrón Type 80; la fuente señala que las versiones chinas e iraníes pueden ser difíciles de distinguir visualmente.
Timeline

Ametralladora de propósito general Type 80/PKM-T80 Key Events

  1. La Type 80 entra en servicio

    Military Factory da 1983 como año de introducción de la Type 80 china después de su periodo de diseño de 1980.

    Sources: NORINCO Type 80 General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG)

  2. Type 80 de SSDM/A documentada en Jonglei

    Small Arms Survey documentó una ametralladora Type 80 asociada con fuerzas SSDM/A en Phom el Zeraf, estado de Jonglei.

    Sources: Small Arms Survey Reaching for the Gun

  3. Armas Type 80 de SSLM/A documentadas en Unity

    Small Arms Survey documentó cuatro ametralladoras Type 80 de fabricación china relativamente nuevas con fuerzas SSLM/A después de combates en Riyak Payam, condado de Mayom, estado de Unity.

    Sources: Small Arms Survey Reaching for the Gun

  4. Armas M80 capturadas a fuerzas del Islamic State

    Conflict Armament Research documentó ametralladoras de propósito general chinas M80 de 7,62x54R capturadas a fuerzas del Islamic State por combatientes YPG cerca de Avdoke, Siria, en julio de 2014.

    Sources: Islamic State Weapons in Iraq and Syria

  5. AP informa de armas Type 80 y PKM-T80 con Hamas

    AP identificó ametralladoras Type 80 entre las armas en manos de Hamas y describió la PKM-T80 iraní como una designación de copia para el mismo patrón.

    Sources: Who builds the weapons that Hamas fighters use

Media

Ametralladora de propósito general Type 80/PKM-T80 Images

Ametralladora de propósito general Type 80/PKM-T80, Ametralladora de propósito general de 7,62x54mmR, Armas de infantería - view 1
Source: File:Chinese pkms.png
Ametralladora de propósito general Type 80/PKM-T80, Ametralladora de propósito general de 7,62x54mmR, Armas de infantería - view 2
Source: File:BPLA Fighter using Type 80 GPMG.png
Related Weapon Systems
PKM/PK, 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun, Infantry WeaponsInfantry WeaponsPKM/PK7.62 mm general-purpose machine gunThe PK and lighter PKM are Soviet-designed, belt-fed 7.62x54R general-purpose machine guns used from bipods, tripods, vehicles, remote weapon stations, and improvised mounts. Their low weight for the class, non-disintegrating belt feed, quick-change barrel concept, and wide licensed-production base make the family a recurring infantry fire-support weapon in recent conflicts, with documented rows here covering Ukraine, Yemen, Syria, Iraq, Mali, Lake Chad, Gaza, Afghanistan, and Turkey's conflict with the PKK.
Type 56 assault rifle, 7.62x39mm Kalashnikov-pattern assault rifle, Infantry WeaponsInfantry WeaponsType 56 assault rifle7.62x39mm Kalashnikov-pattern assault rifleThe Type 56 is China's 7.62x39mm Kalashnikov-pattern assault rifle family, adopted in 1956, built in very large numbers, and exported widely through state, surplus, and illicit channels. Its early rifles followed the Soviet AK-47 with milled receivers, later production used AKM-style stamped receivers under the same designation, and many examples are recognizable by a permanently attached folding spike bayonet. In the 2009 Boko Haram Insurgency, Small Arms Survey and Stimson reporting link Chinese Type 56 rifles to weapons seized from Boko Haram members and to materiel captured during the 2016 Bosso camp attack in Niger.
AK-47/AKM rifle family, Selective-fire assault rifle family, Infantry WeaponsInfantry WeaponsAK-47/AKM rifle familySelective-fire assault rifle familyAK-47/AKM-family rifles are Kalashnikov-pattern small arms derived from the Soviet AK-47 and 1959 AKM modernization, usually chambered in 7.62 x 39 mm. In the post-2015 catalog they appear with FARC dissidents in Colombia, gangs in Haiti, PKK fighters, GNA scouts in Libya, insurgents in Mali, Islamic State forces in Iraq and Syria, militants in Sinai, RSF units in Sudan, Hamas fighters in Gaza, Taliban fighters in Afghanistan, Boko Haram-linked militants in the Lake Chad basin, and Houthi-linked supply chains in Yemen.
W85 heavy machine gun, 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, Infantry WeaponsInfantry WeaponsW85 heavy machine gun12.7 mm heavy machine gunThe W85 is a Chinese 12.7x108 mm heavy machine gun associated with Norinco export channels and the QJC-88 vehicle-mounted variant. It is lighter than many older DShK-pattern heavy machine guns and can be used from tripod, pintle, vehicle, or improvised pickup mounts. Conflict reporting documents W85-family guns with ISWAP-linked forces in Nigeria, Ukrainian mobile anti-drone teams, YPG/SDF improvised armor in Syria, Iraqi PMU militias, and Wagner-linked imagery from Mali, while sources caution that export paths and quantities are often unclear.

Sources

NORINCO Type 80 General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG)Publisher: Military Factory | Note: Supports the Type 80's Chinese Norinco background, PKM-family lineage, 1983 introduction, and general performance details. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Type 80 GPMGPublisher: CAT-UXO | Note: Supports the Type 80's 7.62×54mmR caliber, gas-operated belt-fed design, and general technical background. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Islamic State Weapons in Iraq and SyriaPublisher: Conflict Armament Research | Note: 2014 War Against the Islamic State: Chinese PKM-pattern and PK-pattern M80 general-purpose machine guns were used by Islamic State forces before being captured by YPG fighters near Avdoke, Syria, in July 2014. | Accessed: 2026-06-22Small Arms Survey Reaching for the GunPublisher: Small Arms Survey | Note: 2010 Armed Insurgencies in Greater Upper Nile: documents Type 80 machine guns with SSLM/A and SSDM/A forces in Unity and Jonglei in 2011, including accompanying Chinese 7.62x54R ammunition for the SSLM/A examples. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Small Arms Survey Fighting for SpoilsPublisher: Small Arms Survey | Note: Supports background for the armed insurgencies in Greater Upper Nile after the April 2010 elections, including insurgent commanders, geography, and SPLA/government counterinsurgency context. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Who builds the weapons that Hamas fighters usePublisher: AP News | Note: 2023 Israel-Hamas War: used by Hamas fighters in Gaza, with AP identifying a Chinese Type 80 version and noting Iranian copies renamed PKM-T80. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Hamas's cobbled together weapons arsenal still proving deadly to IDF troops in GazaPublisher: The Times of Israel | Note: 2023 Israel-Hamas War: used by Hamas fighters in Gaza, with the article identifying a Chinese Type 80 version and the Iranian PKM-T80 rename. | Accessed: 2026-06-20File:Bangladesh Army Type 80 machine gun on display.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and licensing for the primary Type 80 photo, which is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. | Accessed: 2026-06-20File:Chinese pkms.pngPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and licensing for the Type 80 schematic, which is a U.S. government work in the public domain. | Accessed: 2026-06-20File:BPLA Fighter using Type 80 GPMG.pngPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and licensing for a public-domain Type 80 clone photo used as a contextual gallery image. | Accessed: 2026-06-20