Sistemas navales

Corbeta lanzamisiles guiados Project 21631 clase Buyan-M

Also known as
  • Project 21631
  • Buyan-M
  • Corbeta clase Buyan-M
  • Corbeta lanzamisiles clase Buyan-M
  • Project 21631 Buyan-M

El Project 21631 Buyan-M es una clase rusa de corbetas lanzamisiles guiados de río-mar diseñada por Zelenodolsk Design Bureau y construida en Zelenodolsk Plant named after A.M. Gorky. La clase combina movilidad en aguas interiores con poco calado y un lanzador UKSK de ocho celdas para misiles Kalibr u Oniks, lo que da a pequeños combatientes del Caspio, el mar Negro y el Báltico funciones documentadas de ataque de largo alcance en Siria y Ucrania.

Corbeta lanzamisiles guiados Project 21631 clase Buyan-M, Corbeta lanzamisiles guiados, Sistemas navales
Image source: Grad Sviyazhsk (2017-06-05) 02.jpg

Role in Conflicts

2014 Russia-Ukraine War
Long-Range Strike
Side
Russia

Fuerzas rusas usaron una corbeta Project 21631 Buyan-M en el mar Negro para disparar una salva de ocho misiles Kalibr contra Ucrania en marzo de 2022; posteriormente, la inteligencia ucraniana informó de un ataque con drones en 2025 contra un Buyan-M en el mar de Azov, una afirmación reportada con la salvedad de que Rusia no había hecho comentarios.

Role details
Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Rusia
Built in
Russia
Type
Corbeta lanzamisiles guiados
Service note
Década de 2010-presente
Designer
Zelenodolsk Design Bureau
Designed
Década de 2000
Produced
2010-2024
Number built
12

Specifications

Desplazamiento
949 toneladas
Eslora
75 m
Manga
11 m
Velocidad
26 nudos
Alcance
2.300 millas náuticas a 12 nudos
Tripulación
52 marineros
Armamento
Cañón principal A-190-01 de 100 mm, 2 CIWS AK-630-M2 de 30 mm, celdas UKSK 2x4 para misiles de crucero Kalibr u Oniks, misiles tierra-aire Komar 2x4, lanzagranadas antisabotaje DP-65 y ametralladoras KPV de 14,5 mm
Propulsión
CODAD, 2 ejes
Variants

Project 21631 es la rama Buyan-M armada con misiles del programa Buyan más amplio; fuentes públicas también describen un diseño Project 21632 Tornado orientado a la exportación.

VariantConfigurationDesignation notes
Project 21632 TornadoDiseño de familia para exportación

Referencias abiertas identifican al Project 21632 Tornado como la variante de exportación asociada con la línea de diseño Buyan-M.

Sources: Project 21632 - Rosoboronexport

Misiles de crucero

Las corbetas Buyan-M se construyen alrededor de un lanzador compacto UKSK que puede portar misiles de crucero de las familias Kalibr y Oniks.

Launched itemItem typeLaunch evidence
Kalibr, Sea-launched cruise missile family, MunitionsKalibrFamilia de misiles de crucero lanzados desde el mar

Naval News describe las corbetas Project 21631 como dotadas de celdas UKSK 2x4 para misiles Kalibr u Oniks, lo que convierte a la clase en una plataforma naval de lanzamiento para ataques Kalibr.

Sources: Buyan-M-class Corvette ‘Graivoron’ Commissioned with Russia's Black Sea Fleet - Naval News

P-800 Oniks, Supersonic anti-ship cruise missile, MunitionsP-800 OniksMisil de crucero antibuque supersónico

Naval News lista al Oniks entre los misiles de crucero transportados en las celdas UKSK 2x4 de la clase Buyan-M.

Sources: Buyan-M-class Corvette ‘Graivoron’ Commissioned with Russia's Black Sea Fleet - Naval News

Timeline

Corbeta lanzamisiles guiados Project 21631 clase Buyan-M Key Events

  1. Ataque de la Caspian Flotilla contra Siria

    The Washington Institute informó que tres corbetas Buyan-M - Grad Sviyazhsk, Uglich y Veliki Ustyug - formaban parte del grupo de la Caspian Flotilla que disparó misiles Kalibr contra objetivos en Siria.

    Sources: Russia's Cruise Missiles Raise the Stakes in the Caspian

  2. Graivoron entra en servicio

    Graivoron entró en la Black Sea Fleet de la Armada rusa, mostrando que la clase seguía siendo una plataforma activa con capacidad Kalibr después de la campaña siria.

    Sources: Buyan-M-class Corvette ‘Graivoron’ Commissioned with Russia's Black Sea Fleet - Naval News

  3. Salva del mar Negro contra Ucrania

    Naval News, citando reportes y video rusos, describió ocho misiles Kalibr disparados por una corbeta Project 21631 Buyan-M desde el mar Negro contra un depósito de armas ucraniano.

    Sources: Russian Buyan-M class Corvette fired Kalibr missiles Against Ukraine - Naval News

  4. Botadura del Stavropol

    Zelenodolsk Shipyard botó el Stavropol, el último casco Buyan-M encargado para la Armada rusa.

    Sources: Russia launches Final Buyan-M-class Corvette Fitted with Kalibr cruise missiles

  5. Ucrania informa de un ataque en el mar de Azov

    Defence Intelligence of Ukraine informó que sus fuerzas atacaron una corbeta Project 21631 Buyan-M en el mar de Azov; Naval News reportó la afirmación y señaló que Rusia no había hecho comentarios.

    Sources: Ukraine strikes Russian Project 21631 Buyan-M class corvette with drones - Naval News

Media

Corbeta lanzamisiles guiados Project 21631 clase Buyan-M Images

Corbeta lanzamisiles guiados Project 21631 clase Buyan-M, Corbeta lanzamisiles guiados, Sistemas navales - view 1
Source: Grad Sviyazhsk (2017-06-05) 01.jpg
Corbeta lanzamisiles guiados Project 21631 clase Buyan-M, Corbeta lanzamisiles guiados, Sistemas navales - view 2
Source: Orekhovo-Zuyevo corvette.jpg
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Sources

Buyan-M-class Corvette ‘Graivoron’ Commissioned with Russia's Black Sea Fleet - Naval NewsPublisher: Naval News | Note: Supports the class's designer, builder, service context, and published technical specifications including displacement, length, beam, speed, range, crew, and armament. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Russia's Cruise Missiles Raise the Stakes in the CaspianPublisher: The Washington Institute | Note: Supports the 2011 Syrian Civil War row by directly identifying the October 7, 2015 Caspian launch against targets in Syria and the three Buyan-M corvettes in the firing group. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Russia launches Final Buyan-M-class Corvette Fitted with Kalibr cruise missilesPublisher: Naval News | Note: Supports the final-hull production timeline, Zelenodolsk Shipyard build context, and the class's late-production technical package. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Russian Buyan-M class Corvette fired Kalibr missiles Against Ukraine - Naval NewsPublisher: Naval News | Note: Supports the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War row by directly reporting a Project 21631 Buyan-M corvette firing eight Kalibr missiles from the Black Sea against Ukraine. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Ukraine strikes Russian Project 21631 Buyan-M class corvette with drones - Naval NewsPublisher: Naval News | Note: Supports the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War row by reporting Ukraine's claim that it struck a Project 21631 Buyan-M corvette in the Sea of Azov and noting that Russia had not commented. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Video: Russian Corvettes Launch Cruise Missiles from Caspian Sea - USNI NewsPublisher: USNI News | Note: Supports the 2011 Syrian Civil War row by identifying Russian Ministry of Defense video of Buyan-M corvettes firing Kalibr missiles from the Caspian Sea into Syria. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Russia’s Buyan Naval Corvette Program - USNI ProceedingsPublisher: U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings | Note: Supports Buyan program context, Project 21631 fleet distribution, VLS missile compatibility, and direct conflict use by reporting that Buyan-M ships launched land-attack cruise missiles in Syria and have been active in the war against Ukraine. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Project 21632 - RosoboronexportPublisher: Rosoboronexport | Note: Supports Project 21632 Tornado export-variant context and its river-sea mission profile. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Grad Sviyazhsk (2017-06-05) 02.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports primary image provenance and the Commons licensing context for the Russian Ministry of Defence photo of Grad Sviyazhsk. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Grad Sviyazhsk (2017-06-05) 01.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports gallery image provenance and the Commons licensing context for the Russian Ministry of Defence photo of Grad Sviyazhsk. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Orekhovo-Zuyevo corvette.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports gallery image provenance and the Commons licensing context for the self-published Orekhovo-Zuyevo harbor photo. | Accessed: 2026-07-04