Defensa aérea

Lanzador RAM MK 31

Also known as
  • Lanzador RAM MK-31
  • Sistema de lanzamiento de misiles guiados RAM MK-31
  • Sistema de armas de misiles guiados RAM MK 31
  • Sistema de armas de misiles guiados MK 31
  • Sistema de lanzamiento de misiles guiados MK 49

El lanzador RAM MK 31 es el lanzador embarcado y la capa de sistema de armas de la familia Rolling Airframe Missile. Raytheon describe el sistema de armas de misiles guiados MK 31 como el sistema de lanzamiento MK 49 de 21 disparos más el paquete de rondas de misil MK 44, mientras que los informes del Mar Rojo sobre la fragata alemana Hessen documentan el uso en combate de RAM/RIM-116 en EUNAVFOR Aspides.

Lanzador RAM MK 31, Lanzador de misiles superficie-aire, Defensa aérea
Image source: Mk31 Rolling Airframe Missile Launcher photo

Role in Conflicts

Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Estados Unidos / Alemania
Type
Lanzador de misiles superficie-aire
Service note
Década de 1990-presente
Designed
Décadas de 1970-1990
Produced
Década de 1990-presente

Specifications

Sistema
Sistema de armas de misiles guiados RAM MK 31
Rol
Autodefensa del buque
Capacidad de misiles
21
Paquete de rondas
Paquete de rondas de misil guiado MK 44
Sistema de lanzamiento
Sistema de lanzamiento de misiles guiados MK 49
Misil asociado
RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile
Contratista
Raytheon Missile Systems
Integración
Usa información de blanco y apuntamiento de sensores del buque anfitrión
System Architecture

El MK 31 es la capa de sistema de armas alrededor del misil RAM, no solo un montaje de cubierta básico. Raytheon describe el paquete de rondas de misil guiado MK 44 y el sistema de lanzamiento de misiles guiados MK 49 como los dos elementos que componen el sistema de armas de misiles guiados MK 31.

Cargador y lanzador

El sistema de lanzamiento MK 49 contiene 21 misiles RAM en el sistema de armas MK 31.

Integración con el buque

El sistema está diseñado para usar datos de blanco y apuntamiento de los sensores existentes del buque, en lugar de un conjunto de sensores dedicado.

Relación con SeaRAM

SeaRAM combina sensores derivados de Phalanx con un lanzador RAM, mientras que la configuración MK 31 depende del sistema de combate del buque anfitrión para obtener información de enfrentamiento.

Misil asociado

El lanzador existe para disparar la ronda de misil RAM usada por el sistema de autodefensa del buque.

Launched itemItem typeLaunch evidence
RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile, Ship-launched surface-to-air missile, MunitionsRIM-116 Rolling Airframe MissileMisil superficie-aire lanzado desde buques

Raytheon describe el paquete de rondas de misil guiado MK 44 y el sistema de lanzamiento MK 49, con capacidad para 21 misiles, como los elementos que componen el sistema de armas de misiles guiados MK 31.

Sources: RAM Missile - Raytheon Emirates

Buques portadores

Las clases de buques catalogadas documentan instalaciones de lanzadores RAM en combatientes de superficie estadounidenses y alemanes.

CarrierCarrier typeCarriage evidence
Freedom-class Littoral Combat Ship, Freedom-variant littoral combat ship, Naval SystemsFreedom-class Littoral Combat ShipBuque de combate litoral variante Freedom

La evaluación histórica de NAVSEA de 2025 para USS Sioux City enumera un lanzador RAM MK 31 en el armamento del buque.

Sources: USS Sioux City (LCS-11) Naval Historical Evaluation

Braunschweig-class / K130 corvette, Corvette class, Naval SystemsBraunschweig-class / K130 corvetteClase de corbeta

La Bundeswehr enumera dos lanzadores RIM-116 RAM como la configuración de defensa aérea de corto alcance de la clase Braunschweig.

Sources: Bundeswehr: Korvetten der Braunschweig-Klasse

Sachsen class / F124 frigate, Air-defense frigate class, Naval SystemsSachsen class / F124 frigateClase de fragata de defensa aérea

La Bundeswehr enumera dos lanzadores RIM-116 RAM en la clase Sachsen para defensa aérea cercana e interceptación de misiles.

Sources: Fregatten der Sachsen-Klasse | Bundeswehr

Timeline

Lanzador RAM MK 31 Key Events

  1. Surge el requisito de autodefensa naval

    La historia de desarrollo del RAM de JHU APL remonta el programa a un requisito de 1973 del Chief of Naval Operations para la defensa contra misiles de crucero antibuque.

    Sources: Rolling Airframe Missile Development, Test, Evaluation, and Integration

  2. Comienza el desarrollo de ingeniería estadounidense-alemán

    El programa RAM entró en desarrollo de ingeniería a escala completa como esfuerzo cooperativo estadounidense-alemán, con General Dynamics seleccionado como contratista principal y la industria alemana apoyando el trabajo.

    Sources: Rolling Airframe Missile Development, Test, Evaluation, and Integration

  3. Despliegue inicial en la flota de la U.S. Navy

    JHU APL describe el desarrollo inicial del RAM Block 0 que llevó al despliegue en la flota de la U.S. Navy en 1993.

    Sources: Rolling Airframe Missile Development, Test, Evaluation, and Integration

  4. Entrega de lanzador latinoamericano

    Raytheon informó en 2018 la entrega de un lanzador RAM a la Marina mexicana para el programa de patrullero oceánico POLA.

    Sources: RAM Missile - Raytheon Emirates

  5. Hessen usa RAM en defensa del Mar Rojo

    Naval News y The War Zone informaron que la fragata alemana Hessen usó su sistema RAM/RIM-116 mientras interceptaba drones controlados por los hutíes durante operaciones de EUNAVFOR Aspides.

    Sources: Missile Woes For German Navy Amid Red Sea Operation, German Frigate Mistakenly Fires On MQ-9, Downs Two Houthi Drones

Media

Lanzador RAM MK 31 Videos

Lanzador RAM MK 31 Images

Lanzador RAM MK 31, Lanzador de misiles superficie-aire, Defensa aérea - view 1
Source: Mk31 Rolling Airframe Missile Launcher photo
Lanzador RAM MK 31, Lanzador de misiles superficie-aire, Defensa aérea - view 2
Source: Mk31 Rolling Airframe Missile Launcher photo
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Sources

NAVSEA Technical Capabilities ManualPublisher: NAVSEA Warfare Centers | Note: Supports the MK 31 RAM Guided Missile Weapon System designation and Raytheon Missile Systems contractor context. | Accessed: 2026-06-27RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM)Publisher: United States Navy | Note: Supports RAM launcher family background, the U.S.-German cooperative program context, ship self-defense role, and launcher specifications. | Accessed: 2026-07-02RAM Missile - Raytheon EmiratesPublisher: Raytheon Emirates | Note: Supports MK 31 system composition, MK 44 and MK 49 relationship, 21-missile capacity, ship-sensor integration, international cooperation, and the 2018 Mexican Navy launcher delivery. | Accessed: 2026-07-02Rolling Airframe Missile Development, Test, Evaluation, and IntegrationPublisher: Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest | Note: Supports the RAM GMWS development timeline, U.S.-German cooperative development, MK 31 composition, and host-ship sensor integration concept. | Accessed: 2026-07-02Navy Combatants Can Defend Against Emerging Missile ThreatPublisher: National Defense / NAVSEA | Note: Supports SeaRAM context as a combination of the MK 15 CIWS and MK 31 RAM guided-missile weapon system, and notes RAM installation on amphibious ships and the Freedom-class LCS variant. | Accessed: 2026-07-02Missile Woes For German Navy Amid Red Sea OperationPublisher: Naval News | Note: Supports 2023 Red Sea Crisis direct use: FGS Hessen, assigned to EUNAVFOR Aspides, intercepted hostile UAVs and was reported to have used its RAM missile system during the encounter. | Accessed: 2026-07-02German Navy Wraps Red Sea Mission, Begins Indo-Pacific DeploymentPublisher: Naval News | Note: Supports 2023 Red Sea Crisis direct use: Hessen conducted EUNAVFOR Aspides combat operations, destroyed Houthi drones, and returned with spent or missing RAM rounds in its forward launcher. | Accessed: 2026-07-02German Frigate Mistakenly Fires On MQ-9, Downs Two Houthi DronesPublisher: The War Zone | Note: Supports 2023 Red Sea Crisis direct use: reports that Hessen shot down a second Houthi drone with a RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile. | Accessed: 2026-07-02Bundeswehr: Korvetten der Braunschweig-KlassePublisher: Bundeswehr | Note: Supports the Braunschweig/K130 class relationship by listing two RIM-116 RAM launchers as part of the class armament. | Accessed: 2026-07-02Fregatten der Sachsen-Klasse | BundeswehrPublisher: Bundeswehr | Note: Supports the Sachsen/F124 class relationship by listing two RIM-116 RAM launchers among the class close-defense weapons. | Accessed: 2026-07-02USS Sioux City (LCS-11) Naval Historical EvaluationPublisher: NAVSEA | Note: Supports USS Sioux City being listed with one MK 31 RAM Launcher in its armament. | Accessed: 2026-07-02Mk31 Rolling Airframe Missile Launcher photoPublisher: DVIDS | Note: Supports the launcher image used for the hero image. | Accessed: 2026-07-02Sailors load rolling airframe missile launcher photoPublisher: DVIDS | Note: Supports the launcher image used for the gallery image. | Accessed: 2026-07-02USS New Orleans fires RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile photoPublisher: DVIDS | Note: Supports the public-domain gallery image showing a RIM-116 RAM launch from a forward launcher. | Accessed: 2026-07-02