Sistemas navales

Clase Alexandrit / Proyecto 12700

Also known as
  • Proyecto 12700
  • Proyecto 12700 Alexandrit
  • Buscaminas clase Alexandrit
  • Buscaminas clase Aleksandr Obukhov

La clase Alexandrit, Proyecto 12700 ruso, es una clase rusa de buques de contramedidas de minas diseñada por Almaz y construida por Sredne-Nevsky Shipyard para la Armada rusa. La clase combina un casco monolítico de fibra de vidrio producido por infusión al vacío con rastras y vehículos no tripulados de caza de minas, y entró en el registro de la guerra ruso-ucraniana cuando la inteligencia ucraniana dijo que inutilizó el buque líder de la Flota del Báltico Aleksandr Obukhov en Baltiysk en octubre de 2024.

Clase Alexandrit / Proyecto 12700, Buque costero de contramedidas de minas, Sistemas navales
Image source: Wikimedia Commons: Aleksandr Obukhov

Role in Conflicts

Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Rusia
Built in
Russia
Type
Buque costero de contramedidas de minas
Service note
2016-presente
Designer
Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau
Produced
2011-presente

Specifications

Desplazamiento
Alrededor de 890 toneladas a plena carga
Eslora
Alrededor de 62 m
Manga
Alrededor de 10 m
Calado
Alrededor de 3 m, según la fuente y la configuración
Velocidad
Alrededor de 16 nudos
Alcance
Alrededor de 1.500-1.600 millas náuticas en referencias de exportación y generales
Autonomía
10 días
Tripulación
44
Casco
Casco monolítico de fibra de vidrio formado por infusión al vacío
Equipo de contramedidas de minas
Rastras más vehículos submarinos no tripulados operados a distancia y autónomos
Armamento
Montaje de cañón AK-306 de 30 mm, montaje de ametralladora pesada y dotación de MANPADS de corto alcance reportados en referencias abiertas
Base de producción
Sredne-Nevsky Shipyard, San Petersburgo
Mine-Countermeasures Design

El Proyecto 12700 está construido en torno a contramedidas de minas a distancia, más que a armamento pesado buque-buque. Sredne-Nevsky Shipyard describe la clase como capaz de detectar minas marinas en la columna de agua y en el lecho marino sin entrar en la zona de peligro, usando rastras, así como vehículos submarinos operados a distancia y autónomos.

Concepto de casco

El casco monolítico de fibra de vidrio se forma por infusión al vacío, reduciendo la firma magnética y el peso frente a cascos metálicos de guerra de minas.

Equipo de guerra de minas

Las descripciones publicadas del astillero enfatizan rastras más vehículos submarinos no tripulados teleoperados y autónomos para búsqueda y neutralización de minas.

Función de producción

Reportes rusos de 2025 describieron la continuación de la producción en serie para todas las flotas rusas y la Flotilla del Caspio, con mejoras de equipo durante la serie.

Fuentes: Sredne-Nevsky Shipyard: Georgiy Kurbatov launch; Two to three dozen minesweepers for Russian Navy to be built in St. Petersburg.

Variants

El registro público del Proyecto 12700 cubre los buques rusos de la serie Alexandrit de la Armada rusa; la comercialización para exportación usa la designación Proyecto 12701 / Alexandrit-E para un buque de contramedidas de minas estrechamente relacionado.

VariantConfigurationDesignation notes
Project 12701 / Alexandrit-EVariante de exportación de contramedidas de minas

Rosoboronexport describe el Proyecto 12701 como un buque contraminas Alexandrit-E con Alexandrit-ISPUM, Diez-E, rastras, armamento AK-306, desplazamiento a plena carga de 890 toneladas, 61,6 m de eslora, alcance de 1.500 millas y autonomía de 10 días; Baird Maritime lo describe como una variante de exportación de la familia Proyecto 12700 con casco de PRFV producido por infusión al vacío.

Sources: Rosoboronexport: Project 12701, Baird Maritime: Project 12701 export-only minesweeper

Onboard Sensors

The Project 12700 electronics fit includes the Anapa anti-saboteur sonar.

Carried itemItem typeCarriage evidence
MG-757 Anapa-M anti-saboteur sonar, Anti-saboteur sonar, Naval SystemsMG-757 Anapa-M anti-saboteur sonarAnti-saboteur sonar

RussianShips.info lists the Anapa anti-saboteur sonar among the Alexandrit-class electronics fit.

Sources: Project 12700 - RussianShips.info

Carried USVs

Project 12700 sea-trial and delivery coverage ties the class to the Inspector Mk2 mine countermeasures USV.

Carried itemItem typeCarriage evidence
Inspector Mk2 Mine Countermeasures USV, Mine countermeasures unmanned surface vehicle, Naval SystemsInspector Mk2 Mine Countermeasures USVMine countermeasures USV

Army Recognition says the first Project 12700 MCM vessel Alexander Obukhov sailed during sea trials with an Inspector Mk 2, and that ECA Group delivered a second USV inspection system to Russia for Project 12700.

Sources: ECA Group Delivers Second USV Inspection System to Russia for Project 12700 MCM Vessel

Timeline

Clase Alexandrit / Proyecto 12700 Key Events

  1. Puesta de quilla del buque líder

    Aleksandr Obukhov, el buque líder del Proyecto 12700, fue puesto en quilla en Sredne-Nevsky Shipyard en San Petersburgo.

    Sources: Project 12700 - RussianShips.info

  2. El primer buque entró en servicio

    Aleksandr Obukhov fue aceptado en servicio con la Armada rusa.

    Sources: Project 12700 - RussianShips.info

  3. Reportan daños en un dragaminas de la Flota del Báltico

    El GUR de Ucrania dijo que el dragaminas clase Alexandrit Aleksandr Obukhov de la Flota del Báltico quedó inutilizado en Baltiysk después de que entrara agua en el motor por daños en el conducto de escape de gases.

    Sources: Ukraine Claims to Have Damaged a Russian Minesweeper in the Baltic Sea, LIGA.net: GUR damaged Russian ship Alexander Obukhov

  4. Se describe una producción en serie adicional

    TASS informó declaraciones de la Armada rusa según las cuales estaban previstos al menos dos o tres decenas de dragaminas Proyecto 12700 adicionales, con mejoras continuas de equipo durante la producción en serie.

    Sources: Two to three dozen minesweepers for Russian Navy to be built in St. Petersburg

Media

Clase Alexandrit / Proyecto 12700 Videos

Clase Alexandrit / Proyecto 12700 Images

Clase Alexandrit / Proyecto 12700, Buque costero de contramedidas de minas, Sistemas navales - view 1
Source: Wikimedia Commons: St Petersburg 2018 Navy Day minesweeper Aleksandr Obukhov
Clase Alexandrit / Proyecto 12700, Buque costero de contramedidas de minas, Sistemas navales - view 2
Source: Wikimedia Commons: Aleksandr Obukhov
Related Weapon Systems
Project 10750 Sapfir / Lida-class inshore minesweeper, Inshore minesweeper class, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsProject 10750 Sapfir / Lida-class inshore minesweeperInshore minesweeper classProject 10750 Sapfir, known to NATO as the Lida class, is a Soviet and Russian inshore mine-countermeasures vessel class built for mine clearance in port approaches, naval-base waters, coastal shallows, and rivers. The design combines a fiberglass hull, mine-search sonar, sweep and mine-destruction gear, a 30 mm AK-306 gun, and an Igla-1 self-defense missile fit; RT-233's 2023-2024 fleet movement gives the class a sourced but limited 2014 Russia-Ukraine War connection rather than confirmed combat-loss evidence.
Project 22010 (Yantar/Kruys) special-purpose oceanographic intelligence ship, Oceanographic intelligence ship, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsProject 22010 (Yantar/Kruys) special-purpose oceanographic intelligence shipOceanographic intelligence shipProject 22010, also known as Yantar or Kruys, is a Russian oceanographic intelligence-ship family built around deep-sea survey, recovery, and special-mission payloads. The lead ship Yantar was built by Yantar Shipyard for Russia's deep-sea research directorate and commissioned in 2015; UK defence officials later identified it as a spy vessel used for intelligence gathering and undersea-cable mapping.
Project 1204 Shmel / Shmel-class patrol boat, Armored patrol boat / river gunboat, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsProject 1204 Shmel / Shmel-class patrol boatArmored patrol boat / river gunboatThe Project 1204 Shmel class is a Soviet armored river gunboat family designed by Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau for shallow rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. It put a PT-76-derived 76 mm turret, a BM-14-17 rocket launcher, automatic cannon, machine guns, and mine rails on a compact shallow-draft hull, making it a fire-support and patrol craft rather than an oceangoing combatant. Russian Shmel boats were documented in the Kerch and Sea of Azov security context during the Russo-Ukrainian War, while Ukrainian Sea Guard Dzhmil examples survived in Danube-area service and training.
Livadiya-ME mine-hunting sonar, Shipborne mine-hunting sonar, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsLivadiya-ME mine-hunting sonarShipborne mine-hunting sonarLivadiya-ME is a Russian shipborne mine-hunting sonar system for detecting, classifying, and cueing action against moored, bottom, and near-bottom mines. Public product-reference material describes low- and high-frequency antenna elements, automated coordinate measurement, mine-countermeasures control-system cueing, and an antenna package carried by a remotely operated underwater vehicle. Open reporting ties the sonar to the Project 12700/12701 Alexandrit mine-countermeasures family, while Weapons.rf identifies Aquamarin as developer and Taganrog Plant Priboy as producer.
Vishnya class (Project 864) intelligence ship, Signals intelligence collection ship class, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsVishnya class (Project 864) intelligence shipSignals intelligence collection ship classThe Vishnya class (Project 864), also known as the Meridian class, is a Soviet-designed signals intelligence collection ship class built in Poland for the Soviet and later Russian Navy. The ships are purpose-built SIGINT and COMINT collectors with satellite-link antennas, sonar, and short-range self-defense weapons; documented wartime employment includes Russian deployments around Syria and Priazovye's 2023 Black Sea pipeline-security mission during the Russia-Ukraine War.

Sources

Sredne-Nevsky Shipyard: Georgiy Kurbatov launchPublisher: Sredne-Nevsky Shipyard | Note: Supports Almaz design attribution, mine-countermeasure role, monolithic fiberglass hull construction, vacuum infusion method, and published ship characteristics. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Project 12700 - RussianShips.infoPublisher: RussianShips.info | Note: Supports class identity, Russian Navy service entry, and additional technical characteristics. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Ukraine Claims to Have Damaged a Russian Minesweeper in the Baltic SeaPublisher: The Maritime Executive | Note: Supports the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War conflict-use claim that Ukraine's GUR said it damaged the Baltic Fleet Alexandrit-class minesweeper Aleksandr Obukhov in Baltiysk. | Accessed: 2026-07-04LIGA.net: GUR damaged Russian ship Alexander ObukhovPublisher: LIGA.net | Note: Supports the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War conflict-use claim that Ukraine's GUR reported disabling the Russian Baltic Fleet Project 12700 minesweeper Aleksandr Obukhov at Baltiysk. | Accessed: 2026-07-04ECA Group Delivers Second USV Inspection System to Russia for Project 12700 MCM VesselPublisher: Army Recognition | Note: Supports the Project 12700 relationship with the Inspector Mk 2 during sea trials and the reported delivery of a second inspection system to Russia. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Two to three dozen minesweepers for Russian Navy to be built in St. PetersburgPublisher: TASS | Note: Supports Project 12700 development attribution, mine-countermeasures role, core characteristics, fiberglass hull context, and continued serial-production plans. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Rosoboronexport: Project 12701Publisher: Rosoboronexport | Note: Supports Project 12701 / Alexandrit-E export-variant identity, mine-countermeasures fit, AK-306 armament, and core published characteristics. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Baird Maritime: Project 12701 export-only minesweeperPublisher: Baird Maritime | Note: Supports Project 12701 as an export-only Alexandrit-family variant and describes its vacuum-infused FRP hull relationship to Project 12700. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Wikimedia Commons: Aleksandr ObukhovPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and CC BY 4.0 licensing context for the primary image. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Wikimedia Commons: St Petersburg 2018 Navy Day minesweeper Aleksandr ObukhovPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and CC BY 4.0 licensing context for a second gallery image. | Accessed: 2026-07-04Wikimedia Commons: Tralshchik Aleksandr ObukhovPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and CC BY 4.0 licensing context for a third gallery image. | Accessed: 2026-07-04