Open-source imagery from Kharkiv Oblast showed Ukrainian forces capturing 125 mm 9M119/3UBK20 tank-launched missiles from Russian troops; the public evidence documents battlefield possession rather than confirmed missile firing.
Role detailsMunitions
9M119M Refleks / Invar
Also known as
- 9M119
- 9M119M
- 9M119M1
- 9K119 Refleks
- 9K119M Refleks-M
- 9K120 Svir
- Refleks
- Refleks-M
- Invar
- Invar-M1
- 3UBK20
- 3UBK20 Invar
- AT-11 Sniper
- AT-11 Sniper-B
- 9M119M Invar
The 9M119M Refleks / Invar is a 125 mm gun-launched anti-tank guided missile round for Soviet/Russian smoothbore tank guns. U.S. Army ODIN identifies the Svir and Refleks family as laser beam-riding ATGMs, Army Recognition describes the 3UBK20 Invar round as intended for T-72B, T-80U, and T-90S tanks, and BDL investor material lists INVAR as a T-90 gun-barrel-fired weapon produced in India under Rosoboronexport technology transfer. In Ukraine, public OSINT imagery documents captured 9M119/3UBK20 missiles in Kharkiv Oblast, while available public evidence does not confirm firing events.
Role in Conflicts
Profile / Specs
Profile
- Origin
- Soviet Union / Russia; Indian licensed production as INVAR
- Type
- 125 mm gun-launched anti-tank guided missile round
- Service note
- Late Cold War Soviet gun-launched ATGM family with modern Russian and Indian production context
- Designer
- KBP Instrument Design Bureau
- Designed
- 1970s-1980s Soviet guided-tank-weapon development; Refleks family in service by the mid-1980s
- Produced
- Russian production documented for 3UBK20 with 9M119M; Indian INVAR licensed production documented by BDL
Specifications
- Caliber
- 125 mm separate-loading tank-gun round
- Guidance
- Semi-automatic laser beam-riding / SACLOS guidance
- Round
- 3UBK20 Invar separate-loading round with 9M119M guided anti-tank missile
- Launch platforms
- T-72B, T-80U, T-90S, T-90-family 125 mm smoothbore-gun applications, and related 2A46M-family guns where the fire-control fit supports the missile
- Range
- Army Recognition lists 100-5,000 m for the 3UBK20 Invar round; BDL material lists INVAR as a T-90 gun-barrel-fired weapon
- Flight time
- 17.6 seconds to maximum range in Army Recognition and BDL product material
- Weight
- 24.3 kg round weight in Army Recognition's 3UBK20 specifications
- Warhead
- Tandem HEAT anti-armor warhead intended for targets protected by explosive reactive armor
- Penetration
- Army Recognition lists average armor penetration of 700 mm for 3UBK20; other sources vary by subvariant
- Operating temperature
- Army Recognition lists -50 C to +50 C for 3UBK20
Variants
Svir, Refleks, Refleks-M, and INVAR designations sit within the same Soviet/Russian 125 mm gun-launched missile family, with differences tied to missile round, fire-control fit, and production context.
| Variant | Configuration | Designation notes |
|---|---|---|
| 9M119 / 9K120 Svir | T-72B-oriented earlier family member | ODIN groups 9M119 Svir with 9M119M Refleks under the AT-11 Sniper family, while GlobalSecurity separates Svir and Refleks as related tank guided-weapon complexes. Sources: ODIN 9M119 Svir / 9M119M Refleks, GlobalSecurity AT-11 Sniper |
| 9M119M / 3UBK20 Invar | Refleks-M anti-armor round | Army Recognition describes the 3UBK20 Invar separate-loading round as carrying the 9M119M missile and being intended for T-72B, T-80U, and T-90S tanks. |
| 9M119M1 Invar-M1 | Modernized tandem-HEAT missile | GlobalSecurity lists 9M119M1 alongside 9M119M in the 3UBK20M family and identifies it as part of the Refleks-M modernization set. Sources: GlobalSecurity AT-11 Sniper |
| 9M119F / 9M119F1 | High-explosive family variants | GlobalSecurity describes high-explosive 9M119F and high-explosive-fragmentation 9M119F1 variants for personnel, field works, and lightly armored targets. Sources: GlobalSecurity AT-11 Sniper |
Firing Tank Platforms
Sourced compatibility is strongest for missile-capable Soviet/Russian 125 mm smoothbore tank families rather than for every vehicle that can fire ordinary 125 mm ammunition.
| Firing weapon | Weapon type | Firing evidence |
|---|---|---|
 | 125 mm smoothbore tank family | Army Recognition identifies the 3UBK20 Invar round with 9M119M missile as intended for T-72B tanks, represented here through the broader T-72 family. |
 | 125 mm smoothbore tank family | Army Recognition lists T-80U as a 3UBK20 Invar firing platform, represented here through the broader T-80 family. |
 | Export T-90 family tank | Army Recognition lists T-90S as a 3UBK20 Invar firing platform; BDL material also describes INVAR as fired from the gun barrel of a T-90 tank. Sources: Army Recognition Russian ATGM Ammunition Analysis, BDL Investor Presentation December 2022 |
 | Modernized T-90 family tank | Army Recognition describes the T-90M as able to fire Refleks anti-tank guided missiles from its 125 mm main gun, making it a linked modern T-90-family firing platform. Sources: T-90M Model 2017 Proryv-3 MBT |
Designation And Compatibility Notes
The 9M119 family is easier to read as a round, missile, and tank-fire-control package rather than as a loose 125 mm shell. Public sources use several names for closely related items.
| Reader cue | What the sources support | Reader takeaway |
|---|---|---|
| Round versus missile | Army Recognition describes 3UBK20 Invar as the separate-loading round and 9M119M as the guided missile inside that round. | The missile-family name and the 3UBK20 round designation point to different parts of the same fired munition. |
| Svir and Refleks | ODIN groups 9M119 Svir and 9M119M Refleks under the AT-11 Sniper family; GlobalSecurity separates Svir, Refleks, and Refleks-M as related tank missile complexes. | The designations are close enough to read together, but they still mark different family branches and fire-control fits. |
| INVAR in India | BDL investor material lists INVAR as a T-90 gun-barrel-fired weapon for armored targets with Rosoboronexport technology-transfer context. | Indian INVAR production sits alongside the Soviet/Russian design lineage rather than replacing it. |
| Ukraine evidence limit | OSINT posts show captured 9M119/3UBK20 missiles in Kharkiv Oblast, but available public sources do not establish a specific firing event. | The conflict evidence supports battlefield possession and captured materiel, not a claimed missile employment event. |
Sources: ODIN 9M119 Svir / 9M119M Refleks; GlobalSecurity AT-11 Sniper; Army Recognition Russian ATGM Ammunition Analysis; BDL Investor Presentation December 2022; OSINTtechnical Kharkiv 3UBK20 Capture; War Noir Kharkiv 9M119 Capture.
Timeline
9M119M Refleks / Invar Key Events
Soviet tank missile complex enters service
GlobalSecurity places the 9K119 Refleks complex in service in the mid-1980s after development and tests for Soviet tank-gun-launched guided weapons.
Sources: GlobalSecurity AT-11 Sniper
Refleks-M / Invar branch appears
Open references identify the 9K119M Refleks-M and 9M119M Invar branch as the modernized 125 mm missile round associated with later T-80 and T-90-family use.
Sources: GlobalSecurity AT-11 Sniper, ODIN 9M119 Svir / 9M119M Refleks
Rosoboronexport ammunition analysis published
Army Recognition summarized the 3UBK20 Invar round, listing the 9M119M missile, compatible T-72B/T-80U/T-90S tanks, laser beam-riding guidance, and 5 km range class.
Sources: Army Recognition Russian ATGM Ammunition Analysis
Captured missiles documented in Kharkiv Oblast
OSINT posts from the Kharkiv counteroffensive period showed Ukrainian forces capturing 9M119/3UBK20 tank-launched missiles from Russian troops.
Sources: OSINTtechnical Kharkiv 3UBK20 Capture, War Noir Kharkiv 9M119 Capture
BDL investor presentation lists INVAR
BDL's investor presentation listed INVAR as a T-90 gun-barrel-fired weapon for armored targets and identified Rosoboronexport technology-transfer context for Indian production.
Sources: BDL Investor Presentation December 2022
Media
9M119M Refleks / Invar Videos
Related Weapon Systems
Sources
ODIN 9M119 Svir / 9M119M RefleksPublisher: U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command | Note: Supports 9M119 Svir, 9M119M Refleks, AT-11 Sniper identity, Russian origin, laser beam-riding ATGM classification, and general family background. | Accessed: 2026-07-01BDL Investor Presentation December 2022Publisher: Bharat Dynamics Limited | Note: Supports BDL manufacturer background for INVAR, T-90 gun-barrel-fired context, armored-target role, and Rosoboronexport technology-transfer and indigenization context. | Accessed: 2026-07-01BDL Annual Report 2023-24Publisher: Bharat Dynamics Limited | Note: Supports BDL's ATGM manufacturing role and public reporting that INVAR ATGM remained part of the company's expected order pipeline for 2024-25. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Rostec Degtyaryov Plant 100 YearsPublisher: Rostec | Note: Supports Russian production context by identifying Degtyaryov Plant output that includes the 3UBK20 round with 9M119M guided missile. | Accessed: 2026-07-01GlobalSecurity AT-11 SniperPublisher: GlobalSecurity.org | Note: Supports AT-11 Sniper family background, Svir/Refleks/Refleks-M designation structure, 9M119M and 9M119M1 variant context, high-explosive variants, firing-platform context, and technical specifications. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Army Recognition Russian ATGM Ammunition AnalysisPublisher: Army Recognition | Note: Supports 3UBK20 Invar / 9M119M specifications, compatible T-72B/T-80U/T-90S tanks, laser beam-riding guidance, HEAT tandem warhead, 5 km range, flight time, weight, and operating temperature. | Accessed: 2026-07-01T-90M Model 2017 Proryv-3 MBTPublisher: Army Recognition | Note: Supports the T-90M firing relationship for Refleks gun-launched anti-tank missiles. | Accessed: 2026-07-01OSINTtechnical Kharkiv 3UBK20 CapturePublisher: OSINTtechnical | Note: Supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War captured-materiel context: Ukrainian forces captured 125 mm cannon-launched 3UBK20 / 9M119M Refleks ATGMs in Kharkiv Oblast. Social-source evidence is used only for the captured-materiel claim, not for confirmed firing. | Accessed: 2026-07-01War Noir Kharkiv 9M119 CapturePublisher: War Noir | Note: Supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War captured-materiel context: Ukrainian combatants captured 125 mm 9M119 tank-launched anti-tank missiles from Russian troops in Kharkiv Oblast. Social-source evidence is used only for the captured-materiel claim, not for confirmed firing. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Deagel RefleksPublisher: Deagel | Note: Supports Refleks / AT-11 Sniper identity and 2A46M 125 mm smoothbore firing context. | Accessed: 2026-07-019M119M Invar.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and licensing for the Invar missile image. | Accessed: 2026-07-01