Defensa aérea

Sistema de defensa antiaérea Arrow

Also known as
  • Arrow Weapon System
  • Hetz
  • Arrow AWS

El sistema de defensa antiaérea Arrow es el escudo israelí de nivel superior contra misiles balísticos, construido alrededor de los interceptores Arrow 2 y Arrow 3, la señalización del radar Green Pine, lanzadores y gestión de batalla. Proporciona a Israel una capa de largo alcance por encima de defensas de menor alcance, con Arrow 2 centrado en enfrentamientos en la atmósfera superior y Arrow 3 agregando intercepción exoatmosférica hit-to-kill contra amenazas balísticas de mayor alcance.

Sistema de defensa antiaérea Arrow, Sistema de defensa contra misiles antibalísticos, Defensa aérea
Image source: Arrow anti-ballistic missile launch4.jpg

Role in Conflicts

Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Israel / Estados Unidos
Built in
Israel
Type
Sistema de defensa contra misiles antibalísticos
Service note
Década de 1990-presente
Designer
Israel Aerospace Industries, Dirección de Investigación y Desarrollo de Defensa/IMDO del Ministerio de Defensa de Israel, Boeing y la U.S. Missile Defense Agency
Designed
Décadas de 1980-1990
Produced
Década de 1990-presente

Specifications

Función
Defensa de nivel superior contra misiles balísticos
Interceptores
Arrow 2 y Arrow 3
Enfrentamiento de Arrow 2
Intercepción en la atmósfera superior de misiles balísticos tácticos entrantes
Señalización de sensores de Arrow 2
El radar ELM-2080 Green Pine detecta, localiza e identifica amenazas entrantes
Velocidad de blanco de Arrow 2
Diseñado para interceptar misiles que viajan hasta aproximadamente 2 millas por segundo / 3 km/s
Enfrentamiento de Arrow 3
Intercepción exoatmosférica hit-to-kill para amenazas balísticas de largo alcance
Modos
Operación autónoma o centrada en red
Amenazas
Misiles balísticos de corto, medio e intermedio alcance
System Architecture

La página de Arrow representa el sistema de armas completo, no un solo misil. Las fuentes abiertas describen una capa defensiva integrada que combina interceptores, lanzadores, señalización de radar y gestión de batalla.

ElementoFunción en el sistemaFunción documentada
Arrow 2 interceptor, Upper-atmosphere ballistic missile interceptor, MunitionsInterceptor Arrow 2Interceptor de la atmósfera superiorEnfrenta misiles balísticos de corto y medio alcance como parte del Arrow Weapon System.
Arrow 3 interceptor, Exo-atmospheric ballistic missile interceptor, MunitionsInterceptor Arrow 3Interceptor exoatmosféricoAgrega una capa hit-to-kill para amenazas balísticas de mayor alcance fuera de la atmósfera.
Radar Green Pine y gestión de batallaDetección, seguimiento y control de tiroIAI y CSIS describen el radar y la arquitectura de mando como la capa del sistema que señala y controla los enfrentamientos de Arrow.
Variants

El registro público del Arrow Weapon System cubre el lanzador, el radar, la arquitectura de mando y las generaciones principales de interceptores; los registros de interceptores enlazados describen los misiles como páginas de componentes solo relacionales.

VariantConfigurationDesignation notes
Arrow 2 interceptor, Upper-atmosphere ballistic missile interceptor, MunitionsInterceptor Arrow 2Interceptor de misiles balísticos en la atmósfera superior

IAI y CSIS describen Arrow 2 como un interceptor dentro del Arrow Weapon System para la defensa contra misiles balísticos de corto y medio alcance.

Sources: Arrow 2 - Advanced ATBM Missile Protection, Arrow 2 (Israel) | Missile Threat

Arrow 3 interceptor, Exo-atmospheric ballistic missile interceptor, MunitionsInterceptor Arrow 3Interceptor exoatmosférico hit-to-kill de misiles balísticos

IAI identifica Arrow 3 como el interceptor exoatmosférico de nivel superior del Arrow Weapon System para amenazas de mayor alcance.

Sources: Arrow 3 - Precise Long-Range Interceptor, Arrow 3 (Israel) | Missile Threat, Israel MOD and IAI Sign Major Deal to Expand Procurement of Arrow-3 Interceptors

Interceptores transportados

La entrada del sistema Arrow cubre la arquitectura de lanzamiento, sensores y mando que despliega varias generaciones de interceptores.

Carried itemItem typeCarriage evidence
Arrow 2 interceptor, Upper-atmosphere ballistic missile interceptor, MunitionsArrow 2 interceptorInterceptor de misiles balísticos en la atmósfera superior

IAI y CSIS identifican Arrow 2 como un interceptor en el Arrow Weapon System para la defensa contra misiles balísticos en la atmósfera superior.

Sources: Arrow 2 - Advanced ATBM Missile Protection, Arrow 2 (Israel) | Missile Threat, Israel MOD and IAI Sign Major Deal to Expand Procurement of Arrow-3 Interceptors

Arrow 3 interceptor, Exo-atmospheric ballistic missile interceptor, MunitionsArrow 3 interceptorInterceptor exoatmosférico de misiles balísticos

Fuentes oficiales del Ministerio de Defensa de Israel e IAI describen el sistema Arrow como compuesto por el interceptor Arrow 3, mientras que CSIS describe la integración de Arrow 3 con el lanzador, el radar y el sistema de gestión de batalla de Arrow.

Sources: Arrow 3 - Precise Long-Range Interceptor, Arrow 3 (Israel) | Missile Threat, Israel MOD and IAI Sign Major Deal to Expand Procurement of Arrow-3 Interceptors

Timeline

Sistema de defensa antiaérea Arrow Key Events

  1. Arrow intercepta un misil en la zona del mar Rojo

    Las FDI informaron que Israel usó el sistema de defensa aérea Arrow para interceptar un misil superficie-superficie en la zona del mar Rojo antes de que cruzara hacia territorio israelí.

  2. Uso de defensa antimisiles en Operation Rising Lion

    La evaluación de sistemas posterior a la operación de Israel dijo que versiones mejoradas de Arrow ayudaron a interceptar misiles balísticos lanzados desde Irán durante Operation Rising Lion.

  3. Anunciada la aceleración de la producción de interceptores

    El Ministerio de Defensa de Israel anunció la aceleración de la producción de interceptores Arrow tras intercepciones en tiempo de guerra de misiles balísticos lanzados desde Irán y Yemen.

Media

Sistema de defensa antiaérea Arrow Videos

Sistema de defensa antiaérea Arrow Images

Sistema de defensa antiaérea Arrow, Sistema de defensa contra misiles antibalísticos, Defensa aérea - view 1
Source: Arrow system.jpg
Sistema de defensa antiaérea Arrow, Sistema de defensa contra misiles antibalísticos, Defensa aérea - view 2
Source: Arrow2launcher.jpg
Related Weapon Systems
Green Pine radar, Long-range ballistic-missile defense radar, Air DefenseAir DefenseGreen Pine radarLong-range ballistic-missile defense radarGreen Pine is the IAI ELTA long-range AESA radar family that gives the Arrow Weapon System its ballistic-missile early-warning, tracking, classification, and fire-control sensor layer. Fielded first by Israel and later exported in upgraded forms, the radar can operate as a stand-alone early-warning sensor or as part of Arrow architecture, with direct Israeli use documented during Operation Rising Lion in the 2025 Israel-Iran Conflict.
Stunner interceptor, Missile interceptor, Air DefenseAir DefenseStunner interceptorMissile interceptorThe Stunner interceptor is the two-stage hit-to-kill missile fired by David's Sling, Israel's mid-tier air and missile-defense layer co-developed by Rafael and Raytheon. CSIS describes the missile as using radar datalink updates and onboard terminal seekers, while RTX markets SkyCeptor as a Stunner-family variant for short- to medium-range missile-defense threats. Source-backed operational use is documented in Gaza-related interceptions and the post-October 2023 Israel-Hezbollah fighting.
Barak LR / LRAD interceptor, Long-range surface-to-air interceptor, Air DefenseAir DefenseBarak LR / LRAD interceptorLong-range surface-to-air interceptorBarak LR, also identified in Israeli operational reporting as LRAD, is Israel Aerospace Industries' 70 km long-range interceptor in the Barak MX air and missile defense family. It combines vertical launch, a dual-pulse motor, an active RF seeker, and battle-management data links for land and naval air defense, including Barak Magen use from Israeli Navy Sa'ar 6 missile ships against Iranian-launched UAVs during the 2025 Israel-Iran Conflict.

Sources

Israel MOD Concludes Evaluation of Advanced Systems Performance in Operation Rising LionPublisher: Israel Ministry of Defense | Note: Supports 2025 Israel-Iran Conflict: used by Israel when enhanced Arrow system versions helped intercept ballistic missiles launched from Iran during Operation Rising Lion. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Israel MOD Arrow Interceptor Production AccelerationPublisher: Israel Ministry of Defense | Note: Supports 2026 Iran War: used by Israel when the Arrow system intercepted numerous ballistic missiles launched from Iran and Yemen during the current war; also supports production and manufacturer context. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Arrow 2 - Advanced ATBM Missile ProtectionPublisher: Israel Aerospace Industries | Note: Supports Arrow 2 manufacturer background and specifications, including Green Pine radar cueing, upper-atmosphere engagement, and target-speed class. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Arrow 2 (Israel) | Missile ThreatPublisher: Center for Strategic and International Studies | Note: Supports Arrow 2 background and variant context, including U.S.-Israeli development, Arrow Weapon System use, and upper-atmosphere interception role. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Arrow 3 - Precise Long-Range InterceptorPublisher: Israel Aerospace Industries | Note: Supports Arrow Weapon System background, prime-contractor context, upper-tier interception role, and Arrow 3's exo-atmospheric engagement description. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Arrow 3 (Israel) | Missile ThreatPublisher: Center for Strategic and International Studies | Note: Supports Arrow 3 background and the launcher-linked integration context for Arrow 3 interceptors. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Directorate of Defense Research & Development (DDR&D)Publisher: Israel Ministry of Defense | Note: Supports Arrow 3's top-layer missile-defense role and exo-atmospheric engagement context. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Israel MOD and IAI Sign Major Deal to Expand Procurement of Arrow-3 InterceptorsPublisher: Israel Ministry of Defense | Note: Supports Arrow 3 background and specs, including the Arrow system's Arrow 2 and Arrow 3 interceptors and its use against Iranian missile attacks and Houthi launches. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Cruise Missile Intercepted by Adir Jet and Surface-To-Surface Missile Intercepted by ArrowPublisher: Israel Defense Forces | Note: Supports 2023 Israel-Hamas War and 2023 Red Sea Crisis: used by Israel when the Arrow aerial defense system intercepted a surface-to-surface missile in the area of the Red Sea on November 2, 2023. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Arrow anti-ballistic missile launch4.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Wikimedia Commons file page for the public-domain U.S. government launch photo used as the primary image. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Arrow system.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Wikimedia Commons file page for the Arrow system diagram used in the gallery. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Arrow2launcher.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Wikimedia Commons file page for the Arrow 2 launcher image used in the gallery. | Accessed: 2026-07-01