Armas de infantería

Fusil antimaterial

Also known as
  • fusil anti-material
  • AMR

Los fusiles antimaterial son fusiles de gran calibre diseñados para inutilizar vehículos, armas, sensores y otro material a larga distancia. La familia se remonta a los fusiles antitanque de la Primera Guerra Mundial y se modernizó con el Model 82A1 de Barrett de 1982, el primer fusil semiautomático .50 BMG disparable desde el hombro. En la Guerra de Sudán de 2023, Amnistía Internacional informó del uso de fusiles de fabricación china por ambos bandos, incluso en Darfur.

Fusil antimaterial, Fusil antimaterial de gran calibre, Armas de infantería
Image source: Barrett M82A1 image

Role in Conflicts

2023 Sudan War
Role in conflict
Interdicción de blancos duros a larga distancia

Amnistía Internacional informó que fusiles antimaterial de fabricación china fueron usados por ambos bandos de la Guerra de Sudán de 2023, incluso en Darfur.

What Makes It Distinct

Los fusiles antimaterial siguen siendo portátiles mientras atacan vehículos, ópticas, sensores y otros blancos duros a larga distancia.

TemaNota para el lector
LinajeLa categoría desciende de los fusiles antitanque de la Primera Guerra Mundial; la historia corporativa de Barrett sitúa el resurgimiento moderno en 1982.
Modelo representativoBarrett M82A1 / M107, Semi-automatic .50 BMG anti-materiel rifle, Infantry WeaponsBarrett M82A1 / M107 es el ejemplo semiautomático .50 BMG disparable desde el hombro más conocido de Barrett, y el U.S. Army lo adoptó como M107 en 2002.
Conjunto de blancosEl diseño está pensado para material, no solo para blindaje: vehículos, armas, ópticas, sensores y blancos duros similares.
Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Múltiples países
Type
Fusil antimaterial de gran calibre
Service note
Orígenes en la Primera Guerra Mundial; resurgimiento moderno desde 1982
Designer
Varios diseñadores
Designed
Raíces en la Primera Guerra Mundial; el resurgimiento moderno comenzó en 1982
Unit cost
La lista minorista de Barrett de 2026 sitúa los precios de la familia entre $9,820 y $14,650, según la variante.
Produced
1982 hasta el presente
Number built
No establecido públicamente

Specifications

Calibre típico
Comúnmente 12.7×99 mm NATO (.50 BMG), 12.7×108 mm o 14.5×114 mm
Acción
De cerrojo o semiautomática
Alcance eficaz
Aproximadamente 1.000-2.000 m para fusiles comunes de 12,7 mm y 14,5 mm
Función principal
Inutilizar vehículos, armas, sensores y otros blancos duros
Dotación
Normalmente un tirador, a menudo acompañado por un observador
Variants
  • Fusil antimaterial de cerrojo
  • Fusil antimaterial semiautomático
Munición compatible
AmmunitionAmmunition typeFiring evidence
12.7x99mm NATO / .50 BMG, 12.7 mm heavy machine-gun cartridge, Munitions12.7x99mm NATO / .50 BMGCartucho de fusil de gran calibre

El U.S. Army dice que el fusil antimaterial M107 dispara munición calibre .50, y Barrett identifica el Model 82A1 como recamarado para .50 BMG.

Sources: M107 Semi-Automatic Long Range Sniper Rifle (LRSR), Barrett Model 82A1

Armas que disparan esta munición
Firing weaponWeapon typeFiring evidence
12.7x99mm NATO / .50 BMG, 12.7 mm heavy machine-gun cartridge, Munitions12.7x99mm NATO / .50 BMGCartucho de fusil de gran calibre

Nammo describe su munición multipropósito 12.7 mm x 99 .50 cal como ideal para fusiles antimaterial y enumera el Barrett M82/M107 entre los sistemas calificados.

Sources: NAMMO AMMUNITION HANDBOOK

Timeline

Fusil antimaterial Key Events

  1. Aparecen los fusiles antitanque de la Primera Guerra Mundial

    El linaje de la familia comienza con fusiles antitanque construidos para responder a los primeros tanques en el campo de batalla.

    Sources: Anti-materiel Rifles (Research Note 7)

  2. Los fusiles antitanque desaparecen del servicio regular

    Small Arms Survey señala que los fusiles antitanque desaparecen en gran medida después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

    Sources: Anti-materiel Rifles (Research Note 7)

  3. Comienza la era moderna de Barrett

    La historia corporativa de Barrett sitúa el origen de la familia Model 82 en 1982, marcando la era moderna del fusil calibre .50 disparable desde el hombro.

    Sources: Barrett Company History, Barrett Model 82A1

  4. El U.S. Army adopta el M107

    La historia corporativa de Barrett dice que el U.S. Army adoptó el M82A1 como M107 en 2002.

    Sources: Barrett Company History, M107 Semi-Automatic Long Range Sniper Rifle (LRSR)

  5. Se documenta el uso en la Guerra de Sudán de 2023

    Amnistía Internacional informó del uso de fusiles antimaterial de fabricación china por ambos bandos de la Guerra de Sudán de 2023, incluso en Darfur.

    Sources: New weapons fuelling the Sudan conflict

Media

Fusil antimaterial Images

Fusil antimaterial, Fusil antimaterial de gran calibre, Armas de infantería - view 1
Source: Dutch Barrett M82A1 image
Fusil antimaterial, Fusil antimaterial de gran calibre, Armas de infantería - view 2
Source: M107-M82A1 Long Range Rifle image
Fusil antimaterial, Fusil antimaterial de gran calibre, Armas de infantería - view 3
Source: Robar RC-50 image
Related Weapon Systems
Barrett M82A1 / M107, Semi-automatic .50 BMG anti-materiel rifle, Infantry WeaponsInfantry WeaponsBarrett M82A1 / M107Semi-automatic .50 BMG anti-materiel rifleThe Barrett M82A1, adopted by the U.S. Army as the M107 and later developed into the lighter M107A1, is a recoil-operated semi-automatic .50 BMG anti-materiel rifle for long-range fire against equipment, light materiel, and protected positions. Its conflict record in this catalog is strongest where sources directly identify .50-caliber Barrett or M82A1 rifles: Maute-held sniper positions in Marawi, Houthi-aligned use in Yemen, and 400 Mawozo-linked gang arsenals in Haiti.
AK-47/AKM rifle family, Selective-fire assault rifle family, Infantry WeaponsInfantry WeaponsAK-47/AKM rifle familySelective-fire assault rifle familyAK-47/AKM-family rifles are Kalashnikov-pattern small arms derived from the Soviet AK-47 and 1959 AKM modernization, usually chambered in 7.62 x 39 mm. In the post-2015 catalog they appear with FARC dissidents in Colombia, gangs in Haiti, PKK fighters, GNA scouts in Libya, insurgents in Mali, Islamic State forces in Iraq and Syria, militants in Sinai, RSF units in Sudan, Hamas fighters in Gaza, Taliban fighters in Afghanistan, Boko Haram-linked militants in the Lake Chad basin, and Houthi-linked supply chains in Yemen.
Hunting rifle, Civilian shoulder-fired rifle, Infantry WeaponsInfantry WeaponsHunting rifleCivilian shoulder-fired rifleHunting rifles are civilian shoulder-fired rifles that enter conflict records as a weapon class rather than a standardized military model. The catalog evidence ties them to community security and militia use: UNIDIR documents craft-produced hunting rifles among CJTF/Yan Gora and Hunters/Charmers in northeast Nigeria, while Conflict Armament Research identifies hunting rifles among anti-balaka militia weapons in the Central African Republic.

Sources

Anti-materiel Rifles (Research Note 7)Publisher: Small Arms Survey | Note: Supports anti-materiel rifle background, World War I origins, broad modern production spread, and the typical 1,000-2,000 m effective range of 12.7 mm and 14.5 mm rifles. | Accessed: 2026-06-21Barrett Model 82A1Publisher: Barrett Firearms | Note: Supports Barrett's original high-performance 50-caliber rifle and the first shoulder-fired semi-automatic .50 BMG rifle description. | Accessed: 2026-06-26Barrett Company HistoryPublisher: Barrett Firearms | Note: Supports the 1982 origin of the Model 82 legacy, the 1989 Swedish Army order, the 1990 Desert Storm use, and the 2002 U.S. Army adoption of the M107. | Accessed: 2026-06-26M107 Semi-Automatic Long Range Sniper Rifle (LRSR)Publisher: U.S. Army | Note: Supports representative anti-materiel rifle background and specifications: the M107 fires .50-caliber ammunition, is designed for precise fire on materiel and personnel targets, and is capable of reaching 2,000 meters. | Accessed: 2026-06-21Barrett 2026 Price ListPublisher: Barrett Firearms | Note: Supports representative retail pricing for the Model 82A1 ($9,820) and M107A1 ($14,650) on Barrett's 2026 price list. | Accessed: 2026-06-26NAMMO AMMUNITION HANDBOOKPublisher: Nammo | Note: Supports .50 cal 12.7x99 mm multipurpose ammunition being ideal for anti-material rifles and listing Barrett M82/M107 among qualified systems. | Accessed: 2026-06-28New weapons fuelling the Sudan conflictPublisher: Amnesty International | Note: Supports 2023 Sudan War direct conflict-use: anti-materiel rifles manufactured in China were used by both sides of the 2023 Sudan War, including in Darfur. | Accessed: 2026-06-21Barrett M82A1 imagePublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Image provenance for the primary anti-materiel rifle image; the file is marked public domain as a U.S. military or Department of Defense work. | Accessed: 2026-06-21Dutch Barrett M82A1 imagePublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Image provenance for the gallery Barrett M82A1 image; the file is marked CC0 with Wikimedia VRT permission. | Accessed: 2026-06-21M107-M82A1 Long Range Rifle imagePublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Image provenance for the gallery M107/M82A1 rifle image; the file is marked public domain as a U.S. Air Force work. | Accessed: 2026-06-21Robar RC-50 imagePublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Image provenance for the gallery Robar RC-50 anti-material rifle image; the file is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0. | Accessed: 2026-06-21