Sistemas navales

Submarino clase Akula

Also known as
  • Akula
  • Clase Akula
  • Submarino clase Akula
  • Project 971
  • Project 971 Shchuka-B
  • Shchuka-B
  • Shchuka B
  • NATO: Akula

El submarino clase Akula es la denominación de reporte de la OTAN para el submarino de ataque de propulsión nuclear Project 971 Shchuka-B, de diseño soviético. Construida por Amur Shipbuilding Plant y Sevmash, la clase utilizaba un diseño de doble casco, una combinación de armamento de torpedos y misiles de crucero, y un conjunto de misiones centrado en la guerra antisubmarina y antibuque.

Submarino clase Akula, Submarino de ataque de propulsión nuclear, Sistemas navales
Image source: Akula class submarine starboard quarter view.JPEG

Role in Conflicts

Design Notes

La clase Akula fue construida como un submarino cazador-asesino tardosoviético, no como un buque de misiles estratégicos. La propia retrospectiva de Sevmash destaca la construcción inusualmente rápida de la unidad líder y la serie de cascos "bestia" de la clase.

CaracterísticaDetalle documentado
Unidad líderK-480, posteriormente llamado Bars, abrió la serie Project 971.
Ritmo de construcciónSevmash dice que la unidad líder fue completada en 3 años y 10 meses.
Oficina de diseñoSevmash atribuye el proyecto a St. Petersburg Marine Engineering Bureau Malachite.
Contexto de flotaNTI dijo que Rusia aún conservaba seis buques Project 971 en 2024, y que K-152 Nerpa fue arrendado a India como INS Chakra.

El atractivo de la clase es la autonomía, la caza silenciosa y las opciones mixtas de ataque submarino, no una función de misiles de propósito único.

Profile / Specs

Specifications

Desplazamiento
8.140 toneladas en superficie; 12.770 toneladas sumergido
Eslora
110,3 m
Manga
13,6 m
Calado
9,7 m
Tripulación
73
Profundidad de inmersión
600 m
Velocidad
33 nudos sumergido
Propulsión
1 reactor de agua a presión OK-650 de 190 MW; 1 eje
Armamento
4 tubos lanzatorpedos de 533 mm y 4 de 650 mm; torpedos, minas y misiles de crucero Granat
Variants
  • Project 971 Akula I
  • Project 971I Improved Akula
  • Project 971U Akula II
  • Project 971M Akula III
Munición documentada

Fuentes abiertas describen los buques Project 971 como submarinos de ataque con torpedos, minas y misiles de crucero en su configuración de armas.

Carried itemItem typeCarriage evidence
Cruise missile, Cruise missile, MunitionsCruise missileCarga útil de misiles de crucero

NTI enumera misiles de crucero entre el armamento de la clase Akula, y la descripción de la clase también identifica una configuración con misiles de crucero.

Sources: Russia Submarine Capabilities, AKULA CLASS RUSSIAN NUCLEAR ATTACK SUBMARINES

Sea mine, Naval mine, MunitionsSea mineCarga útil de minas

Tanto NTI como la fuente de Naval Submarine League describen las minas como parte del armamento de la clase.

Sources: Russia Submarine Capabilities, AKULA CLASS RUSSIAN NUCLEAR ATTACK SUBMARINES

Timeline

Submarino clase Akula Key Events

  1. Se pone en grada la unidad líder Bars

    La exposición fotográfica virtual de Sevmash dice que el submarino líder Project 971 K-480, posteriormente Bars, fue puesto en grada el 22 de febrero de 1985.

    Sources: Sevmash virtual photo exhibition: Bars

  2. Bars es aceptado en servicio

    Sevmash marcó el 29 de diciembre de 1988 como el 35 aniversario del acta de aceptación de la unidad líder, describiendo al K-480 Bars como el buque que abrió la clase.

    Sources: Sevmash: Lead Project 971 submarine turns 35

  3. K-152 Nerpa es arrendado a India

    NTI dice que Rusia arrendó a India el K-152 Nerpa clase Akula como INS Chakra bajo un contrato de diez años.

    Sources: Russia Submarine Capabilities

  4. Se reportan dos submarinos clase Akula cerca de Siria

    Informes de fuentes abiertas dijeron que dos submarinos clase Akula de la Flota del Norte se unieron al grupo de batalla ruso que se dirigía hacia Siria y el Mediterráneo oriental.

    Sources: Two nuclear submarines from Kola sail into Mediterranean, Russian Submarines 'Join Battle Group Heading For Syria'

Media

Submarino clase Akula Videos

Submarino clase Akula Images

Submarino clase Akula, Submarino de ataque de propulsión nuclear, Sistemas navales - view 1
Source: Akula submarine DN-SN-91-00616.JPG
Submarino clase Akula, Submarino de ataque de propulsión nuclear, Sistemas navales - view 2
Source: AkulaProjekt971K335.png
Related Weapon Systems
Oscar II-class submarine, Nuclear-powered cruise missile submarine, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsOscar II-class submarineNuclear-powered cruise missile submarineThe Oscar II-class submarine is NATO's reporting name for Project 949A Antey, the improved Soviet/Russian third-generation nuclear-powered cruise-missile submarine designed by Rubin and built by Sevmash. The class was built around a carrier-strike mission with 24 P-700 Granit anti-ship missiles in side launchers, a large double-hull SSGN design, long endurance, and improved crew habitability; later Project 949AM modernization reporting centers on replacing the Granit fit with newer cruise missiles.
Victor III-class submarine, Nuclear-powered attack submarine, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsVictor III-class submarineNuclear-powered attack submarineThe Victor III-class submarine is the NATO reporting name for the Soviet Project 671RTM/RTMK Shchuka nuclear-powered attack submarine. Built at Admiralty and Komsomolsk shipyards, it carried the Project 671 line into a quieter, missile-capable generation with updated combat electronics, a distinctive towed-array sonar pod, 533 mm and 650 mm bow tubes, and a loadout spanning torpedoes, RK-55 Granat cruise missiles, antisubmarine missiles, and mines. A small number of late boats remained tied to Russian Northern Fleet service decades after the Soviet collapse.
Delta III-class submarine, Ballistic missile submarine, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsDelta III-class submarineBallistic missile submarineThe Delta III-class submarine is the NATO reporting name for the Soviet Project 667BDR Kalmar, a Sevmash-built nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine designed around the D-9R launch system and 16 R-29R / SS-N-18 submarine-launched ballistic missiles. The class introduced a MIRV-capable Soviet SSBN design, remained visible in Russian Pacific Fleet strategic exercises into the 2010s, and ended regular SSBN service when K-44 Ryazan was withdrawn after the other Project 667BDR boats had already left service.
Neustrashimy-class frigate, Anti-submarine warfare frigate, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsNeustrashimy-class frigateAnti-submarine warfare frigateThe Neustrashimy-class frigate is the Soviet Project 11540 Yastreb anti-submarine warfare frigate family, designed through a long Cold War development path and built at Yantar Shipbuilding Plant in Kaliningrad for Russian Baltic Fleet service. Only Neustrashimy and Yaroslav Mudry were completed, but the class combines a 129.8 m hull, helicopter facilities, sonar-centered anti-submarine weapons, 3K95 Kinzhal naval surface-to-air missiles, Kortik close-in defenses, and Kh-35 Uran anti-ship missiles on the second ship. Neustrashimy is directly documented in the 2008 Gulf of Aden counter-piracy campaign.

Sources

Russia Submarine CapabilitiesPublisher: Nuclear Threat Initiative | Note: Supports Akula-class background, dimensions, submerged speed, tasking, the Russian Navy's 2024 Shchuka-B inventory, and the K-152 Nerpa lease to India as INS Chakra. | Accessed: 2026-06-25Akula: The Russian Submarine The U.S. Navy Truly HatesPublisher: The National Interest | Note: Supports the Akula-class builder context, double-hull design, reactor family, cruise-missile fit, and general class background. | Accessed: 2026-06-25AKULA CLASS RUSSIAN NUCLEAR ATTACK SUBMARINESPublisher: Naval Submarine League | Note: Supports Project 971 background, the 1984-1996 production span, the 16-boat build count, the reported 300 million-ruble 1984 cost, design bureau and shipyard context, armament, propulsion, crew, depth, and tactical mission profile. | Accessed: 2026-06-25Sevmash virtual photo exhibition: BarsPublisher: Sevmash | Note: Supports the lead Project 971 submarine K-480 Bars laying down on 22 February 1985 and the class's opening as the first boat in the "beast" series. | Accessed: 2026-06-27Sevmash: Lead Project 971 submarine turns 35Publisher: Sevmash | Note: Supports the lead Project 971 submarine's 29 December 1988 acceptance act, the Malachite design bureau credit, the 3 years 10 months build time, and the class's seven-boat Sevmash series. | Accessed: 2026-06-27Two nuclear submarines from Kola sail into MediterraneanPublisher: The Barents Observer | Note: Supports 2011 Syrian Civil War fielded-by context: reported Akula-class submarines joined the Russian battlegroup heading toward Syria in October 2016. | Accessed: 2026-06-25Russian Submarines 'Join Battle Group Heading For Syria'Publisher: Forces News | Note: Supports 2011 Syrian Civil War fielded-by context: reported Akula-class submarines joining the Russian naval battle group heading toward Syria. | Accessed: 2026-06-25Akula class submarine starboard quarter view.JPEGPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and public-domain context for the primary Akula-class submarine photo. | Accessed: 2026-06-25Akula submarine DN-SN-91-00616.JPGPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and licensing context for an Akula-class gallery photo. | Accessed: 2026-06-25AkulaProjekt971K335.pngPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and licensing context for the K-335 Akula-class diagram in the gallery. | Accessed: 2026-06-25AkulaSchema1.svgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and licensing context for the Akula-class schematic gallery image. | Accessed: 2026-06-25