Profile
- Type
- Truck-launched anti-ship and land-attack cruise missile
- Conflict side
- Ukraine
- Origin
- Ukraine
- Service note
- Entered Ukrainian service before the 2022 full-scale invasion; Long Neptune publicly reported in 2025
Artillery
R-360 Neptune / Long Neptune
The R-360 Neptune is a Ukrainian truck-launched cruise missile developed by State Kyiv Design Bureau Luch as a coastal anti-ship system and later adapted into longer-range land-attack variants. In the Russia-Ukraine War it became one of Ukraine's most visible domestic precision-strike weapons, first for Black Sea targets such as Moskva and later through the Long Neptune / Neptune-D family reported with a 1,000 km reach.
- Conflict side
- Ukraine
- Built by
- State Kyiv Design Bureau Luch
- Built in
- Ukraine
Service History
- In service
- Operational Ukrainian use documented during the Russia-Ukraine War
- Used by
- Ukrainian Navy, Ukrainian Armed Forces
- Wars
- Russia-Ukraine War
Production History
- Designer
- State Kyiv Design Bureau Luch
- Designed
- 2010s
- Built by
- State Kyiv Design Bureau Luch
- Built in
- Ukraine
- Produced
- 2021-present
- Variants
- R-360 Neptune anti-ship missile, Neptune-D / RK360L Long Neptune
Specifications
- Baseline role
- Coastal-defense anti-ship cruise missile for ships and coastal radio-contrast targets
- Baseline range
- Up to 300 km for the 360MC system / R-360 missile
- Baseline warhead
- 150 kg
- Missile weight
- Up to 870 kg in container
- Launcher
- USPU-360MC mobile launcher carrying four R-360 missiles
- Deployment time
- Up to 15 minutes to deploy the complex at a new position
- Long Neptune range
- Up to 1,000 km reported for Neptune-D / RK360L
- Long Neptune warhead
- 260 kg reported for RK360L
Conflict Usage
- Russia-Ukraine War
- Side: Ukraine
Ukrainian forces used the R-360 Neptune in the Black Sea campaign, including the strike assessed by U.S. officials to have hit the cruiser Moskva, later adapting the missile family for land-attack missions and reporting the 1,000 km Long Neptune as successfully used in combat.
R-360 Neptune / Long Neptune Images
Related Weapon Systems
HarpoonCoastal and anti-ship cruise missile systemHarpoon is a U.S.-origin all-weather anti-ship cruise missile family built around active radar terminal homing and sea-skimming flight. In the Russia-Ukraine War, Ukraine received land-based Harpoon coastal defense systems and adapted truck-launched RGM-84 missiles to threaten Russian surface ships operating near the Black Sea coast.
KalibrSea-launched land-attack cruise missile familyKalibr is a Russian family of ship- and submarine-launched cruise missiles, including the 3M-14 land-attack variant known to NATO as SS-N-30A. Its long range, naval basing, and conventional or reported nuclear payload options make it a central Russian Navy strike weapon, and Russian forces have repeatedly used Kalibr missiles in the Russia-Ukraine War for deep strikes against Ukrainian targets.
Kh-59Air-launched tactical cruise missileThe Kh-59 Ovod is a Soviet/Russian air-launched tactical cruise missile family developed by Raduga for standoff strikes from tactical aircraft. Later Kh-59M, Kh-59MK, Kh-59MK2, and Kh-59MKM variants added turbojet propulsion, larger warheads, anti-ship or land-attack guidance options, and longer range. Russia has used Kh-59-series guided air-launched missiles during the Russia-Ukraine War as part of mixed missile and drone attacks.
P-800 OniksSupersonic anti-ship cruise missileThe P-800 Oniks is a Russian supersonic anti-ship cruise missile, also associated with the Yakhont export variant and Bastion coastal launch systems. Designed for high-speed attacks against naval targets, it has also been used by Russia as a land-attack weapon against southern Ukraine, where its speed and low terminal flight profile complicate interception..jpg?width=480)
Abu MahdiLong-range anti-ship cruise missileAbu Mahdi is an Iranian long-range naval cruise missile associated with the Soumar/Hoveyzeh cruise-missile family and adapted for maritime strike. Iranian sources describe it as a domestically built anti-ship system for fixed or mobile launchers, while CSIS lists the Abu Mahdi variant with a reported 1,000 km range and turbojet propulsion.
Ra'adSubsonic anti-ship cruise missileRa'ad is an Iranian subsonic anti-ship cruise missile developed from Chinese Hai Ying/Silkworm technology for coastal and naval strike missions. CSIS describes it as a 350 km-class, ground- or sea-launched weapon with a heavy high-explosive payload, inertial navigation, and a terminal seeker intended for sea-skimming attacks against surface targets.Sources
360MC Neptune Missile SystemPublisher: State Kyiv Design Bureau Luch | Note: Manufacturer brochure supporting baseline Neptune role, system composition, missile weight, warhead, range, launcher load, and deployment data. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Successful Tests of the Neptune Cruise Missile System Were HeldPublisher: National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine | Note: Official Ukrainian source confirming the land-based anti-ship role, Luch development, Ukrainian production context, and tested naval-target performance. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Warhead Weight of the 1,000 km Ukraine's Long Neptune (RK360L) RevealedPublisher: Defense Express | Note: Supports Neptune-D / RK360L Long Neptune range, warhead, role, and variant background as reported from public Ukrainian defense-industry displays. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Russian War Ship Moskva Sunk by Ukrainian Neptune Anti-Ship Missile, US SaysPublisher: ABC News | Note: Directly supports Russia-Ukraine War use of Neptune missiles against the Russian cruiser Moskva. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Ukraine Says Russian Missile Defence Destroyed in CrimeaPublisher: Al Jazeera | Note: Directly supports reported Neptune use against Russian air-defense launchers in occupied Crimea during the Russia-Ukraine War. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Zelenskyy: Ukrainian-Made Long-Range Neptune Missile Successfully Tested in CombatPublisher: Ukrainska Pravda | Note: Directly supports Long Neptune combat-use context and the Ukrainian-reported 1,000 km range. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Neptune Cruise Missile 02Publisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Image provenance for the primary Neptune missile photo; Commons identifies the source as the website of the President of Ukraine and license as CC BY 4.0. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Neptune R-360 Missile, Kyiv 2021Publisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Image provenance for gallery photo of an R-360 missile at the Zbroya ta Bezpeka fair; Commons lists it as own work under CC BY-SA 4.0. | Accessed: 2026-06-20