Direct proof of use
The M134D is directly documented in the 2001 War in Afghanistan through Australian War Memorial collection material from Kandahar Airfield. A 2009 photograph identifies an M134D minigun mounted in Australian Army CH-47D Chinook A15-202, lists the place as Kandahar Airfield, dates the image to 2009-10-13, and catalogs it under the 2001-2021 Afghanistan conflict.
A second Australian War Memorial video record from 2008 places the same aircraft in theater at Kandahar Airfield with an M134 Mini Gun fitted during a hoist test. The record identifies the aircraft as Australian Army CH-47D Chinook A15-202, notes C Squadron, 5th Aviation Regiment, and describes the footage as taken from the aircraft's bubble window with the M134 cartridge dump tube visible.
Sources: AWM M134D Chinook Photograph, AWM M134 Hoist Test Video
Timeline
The first dated cataloged record used here is 2008-05-04, when the Australian War Memorial video record described an M134 Mini Gun fitted to A15-202 during a Kandahar Airfield hoist test. The footage supports in-theater carriage of the weapon on the Australian CH-47D during Operation Slipper.
On 2009-10-13, the Australian War Memorial photograph then documented an M134D mounted in the same CH-47D at Kandahar Airfield. The aircraft's later museum record states that A15-202 served with C Squadron, 5th Aviation Regiment, saw extensive service in Afghanistan as part of Operation Slipper, and took part in combat operations.
Sources: AWM M134 Hoist Test Video, AWM M134D Chinook Photograph, AWM A15-202 Aircraft Record
Role in Afghanistan
In the Afghanistan record, the M134D appears as a helicopter-mounted weapon on an Australian Army CH-47D rather than as an infantry-carried gun or a standalone ground system. The documented side is the coalition side represented in the catalog as United States, NATO, and Afghan government forces, with the specific operator identified by the AWM material as the Australian Army's 5th Aviation Regiment.
The supported role is aircraft door-gun fire support and force protection for a CH-47D operating from Kandahar. Dillon Aero's CH-47 mount page provides non-conflict background for the installation context, identifying its Chinook mount as compatible with the M134D and other machine guns. The available public records used here document fitting and deployment in Afghanistan; they do not identify a specific dated M134D firing engagement.
Sources: AWM M134D Chinook Photograph, AWM M134 Hoist Test Video, AWM A15-202 Aircraft Record, Dillon Aero CH-47 Mount