Sistemas navales

Lancha patrullera antisabotaje clase Grachonok (Proyecto 21980)

Also known as
  • Lancha patrullera clase Grachonok
  • Buque antisaboteador clase Grachonok
  • Project 21980
  • Project 21980 Grachonok

La lancha patrullera antisabotaje clase Grachonok, Proyecto 21980 ruso, es una pequeña embarcación rusa de seguridad naval diseñada por KB Vympel y construida en varios astilleros rusos para proteger zonas de base, puertos e infraestructura marítima crítica. La clase combina vigilancia sonar y electroóptica con lanzagranadas, una ametralladora pesada de 14,5 mm y MANPADS Igla, lo que la convierte en una plataforma compacta para caza de buzos y defensa portuaria.

Lancha patrullera antisabotaje clase Grachonok (Proyecto 21980), Lancha patrullera antisabotaje, Sistemas navales
Image source: Катер проекта 21980 «Грачонок» в Рыбинске.jpg

Role in Conflicts

2014 Russia-Ukraine War
Force Protection
Side
Russia

Las fuerzas rusas desplegaron lanchas antisabotaje Project 21980 Grachonok para protección de fuerzas marítimas en torno al puente de Kerch y zonas de bases navales; fuentes ucranianas informaron de ataques contra una Grachonok cerca del estrecho de Kerch el 29-30 de abril de 2026 y cerca de Kaspiysk el 17-18 de mayo de 2026.

Role details
Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Rusia
Built in
Russia
Type
Lancha patrullera antisabotaje
Service note
2009-presente
Designer
KB Vympel
Designed
Década de 2000
Produced
2008-presente
Number built
28 completadas, con cuatro unidades adicionales listadas como en construcción o planificadas por RussianShips.info en 2026

Specifications

Desplazamiento
138,69 toneladas
Eslora
31,04 m
Manga
7,4 m
Calado
1,86 m
Tripulación
8
Velocidad
23 nudos
Autonomía
5 días
Alcance
200 millas náuticas a 16 nudos
Propulsión
2 motores diésel en una disposición de dos ejes
Sensores
Radar de navegación MR-231 Pal/PAL, sistema electroóptico de televisión MTK-201M3, complejo sonar Kalmar y sonar antisaboteador MG-757 Anapa-M
Armamento
MANPADS 9K38 Igla con misiles 9M39, ametralladora pesada MTPU-1 Zhalo de 14,5 mm, lanzagranadas DP-65A, lanzagranadas DP-64, cámara de buceo y vehículo submarino operado remotamente Falcon o Marlin-350
Variants

Las referencias públicas usan Project 21980 para las lanchas rusas en servicio y Project 21980E para una modificación orientada a la exportación.

VariantConfigurationDesignation notes
Project 21980ELancha de propósito especial orientada a la exportación

RussianShips.info lista Project 21980E como una variante de exportación no realizada, no como una clase separada en servicio.

Sources: Anti-saboteur boats - Project 21980

Sensores y armas transportados

Referencias navales abiertas listan las lanchas Project 21980 con sensores de protección cercana y armas defensivas de corto alcance para seguridad de puertos y bases.

Carried itemItem typeCarriage evidence
MG-757 Anapa-M anti-saboteur sonar, Anti-saboteur sonar, Naval SystemsMG-757 Anapa-M anti-saboteur sonarSonar antisaboteador

KCHF.RU y RussianShips.info listan el sonar antisaboteador MG-757 Anapa-M en el conjunto electrónico del Project 21980.

Sources: Anti-Saboteur Boat P-350 - Project 21980 / Grachonok Class, Anti-saboteur boats - Project 21980

Igla, Man-portable infrared-homing surface-to-air missile system, Air DefenseIglaMisil de defensa aérea portátil

KCHF.RU y RussianShips.info listan lanzadores 9K38 Igla con misiles 9M39 entre el conjunto de armamento del Project 21980.

Sources: Anti-Saboteur Boat P-350 - Project 21980 / Grachonok Class, Anti-saboteur boats - Project 21980

Timeline

Lancha patrullera antisabotaje clase Grachonok (Proyecto 21980) Key Events

  1. Comienza la producción en serie

    Zelenodolsk Shipyard describió las lanchas antisabotaje Project 21980 como construidas para la Armada rusa desde 2008 en adelante.

    Sources: Zelenodolsk Shipyard Project 21980 launch announcement

  2. La clase entra en servicio

    El resumen de la clase en Wikipedia lista la clase Grachonok como en servicio desde 2009.

    Sources: Grachonok-class patrol boat

  3. Botada la novena lancha

    Vympel informó del botado de una novena lancha clase Grachonok y dijo que era la quinta lancha de ese tipo que el astillero había construido para el Ministerio de Defensa.

    Sources: Ninth Grachonok launched at Vympel

Media

Lancha patrullera antisabotaje clase Grachonok (Proyecto 21980) Videos

Lancha patrullera antisabotaje clase Grachonok (Proyecto 21980) Images

Lancha patrullera antisabotaje clase Grachonok (Proyecto 21980), Lancha patrullera antisabotaje, Sistemas navales - view 1
Source: «П-351».jpg
Lancha patrullera antisabotaje clase Grachonok (Proyecto 21980), Lancha patrullera antisabotaje, Sistemas navales - view 2
Source: Катер проекта 21980 «Грачонок» в Рыбинске.jpg
Related Weapon Systems
Project 1400M Grif / Zhuk-class patrol boat, Coastal patrol boat / border guard patrol craft, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsProject 1400M Grif / Zhuk-class patrol boatCoastal patrol boat / border guard patrol craftProject 1400M Grif is the updated Soviet Grif coastal patrol-boat design known in NATO reporting as the Zhuk class. Built for border-guard and coast-guard work, the small aluminium-hulled craft carries heavy machine-gun armament, simple navigation or surface-search radar, and enough speed for short-range littoral security rather than open-ocean combat. Ukrainian Sea Guard and Navy examples remained visible after independence, and several Project 1400M boats entered the Russia-Ukraine War record as captured or destroyed Ukrainian maritime-security craft in 2022.
Project 1204 Shmel / Shmel-class patrol boat, Armored patrol boat / river gunboat, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsProject 1204 Shmel / Shmel-class patrol boatArmored patrol boat / river gunboatThe Project 1204 Shmel class is a Soviet armored river gunboat family designed by Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau for shallow rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. It put a PT-76-derived 76 mm turret, a BM-14-17 rocket launcher, automatic cannon, machine guns, and mine rails on a compact shallow-draft hull, making it a fire-support and patrol craft rather than an oceangoing combatant. Russian Shmel boats were documented in the Kerch and Sea of Azov security context during the Russo-Ukrainian War, while Ukrainian Sea Guard Dzhmil examples survived in Danube-area service and training.
Island-class patrol boat, 110-foot coastal patrol boat, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsIsland-class patrol boat110-foot coastal patrol boatThe Island-class patrol boat is a Bollinger-built 110-foot U.S. Coast Guard cutter design based on a Vosper Thornycroft patrol-boat lineage and later transferred to partner navies. Ukraine received ex-U.S. Coast Guard hulls through a transfer pipeline that began before the 2022 invasion; Sloviansk and Starobilsk entered Ukrainian service in Odesa in 2019, and Sloviansk was later reported sunk during reconnaissance and port-protection missions in the full-scale phase of the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.

Sources

Project 21980E Special Purpose BoatPublisher: Vympel Shipyard | Note: Supports the official class description, Russian origin, project role, designer context, and basic displacement, length, and speed specifications. | Accessed: 2026-07-03Anti-Saboteur Boat P-350 - Project 21980 / Grachonok ClassPublisher: KCHF.RU | Note: Supports the class role, dimensions, propulsion, endurance, sensors, armament, crew size, Russian Navy service context, and carried MG-757 Anapa-M and Igla relationships. | Accessed: 2026-07-03Anti-saboteur boats - Project 21980Publisher: RussianShips.info | Note: Supports production-count caveats, builder yard split, Project 21980E export-variant context, detailed dimensions, electronics, armament, and carried MG-757 Anapa-M and Igla relationships. | Accessed: 2026-07-03Grachonok-class patrol boatPublisher: Wikipedia | Note: Supports the class builders, operators, commissioning period, and broad class overview. | Accessed: 2026-07-03Zelenodolsk Shipyard Project 21980 launch announcementPublisher: Zelenodolsk Shipyard | Note: Supports the shipyard's Project 21980 production line and the statement that the class has been built for the Russian Navy since 2008. | Accessed: 2026-07-03Ninth Grachonok launched at VympelPublisher: Vympel Shipyard | Note: Supports the continuing production program and the statement that the ninth Grachonok-class boat had been launched in 2024. | Accessed: 2026-07-03Катер проекта 21980 «Грачонок» в Рыбинске.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports primary image provenance and the licensing context for a Grachonok-class photo. | Accessed: 2026-07-03«П-351».jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports gallery image provenance and licensing context for a Grachonok-class boat photo. | Accessed: 2026-07-03Рыбинск. Катер специального назначения.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports gallery image provenance and licensing context for a Rybinsk special-purpose boat photo; Commons metadata does not explicitly identify the class. | Accessed: 2026-07-03Ukrainian Navy strikes Russian boats guarding Kerch BridgePublisher: Ukrainska Pravda | Note: Supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War direct conflict-use: Ukrainian Navy reporting said Russian vessels protecting the Kerch Bridge near the Kerch Strait were struck on 29-30 April 2026, including the Grachonok anti-sabotage vessel. | Accessed: 2026-07-03Ukrainian Drone Strike Eliminates 9 Russian Troops on Patrol Boat Near Kerch BridgePublisher: UNITED24 Media | Note: Supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War direct conflict-use context: a Project 21980 Grachonok-class patrol boat was reported struck near the Kerch Bridge on 30 April 2026 while deployed to protect the bridge area. | Accessed: 2026-07-03Sobol and Grachonok Patrol Boats Struck Near the Kerch BridgePublisher: Defense Express | Note: Supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War direct conflict-use and role context: Defense Express reported that Sobol and Grachonok boats assigned to protect the Kerch Bridge were struck by Ukrainian maritime drones and described the Grachonok underwater-detection role. | Accessed: 2026-07-03Ukraine strikes Russian anti-sabotage vessel in DagestanPublisher: Ukrainska Pravda | Note: Supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War direct conflict-use: Ukraine's General Staff reported that a Grachonok-class anti-sabotage vessel was struck near Kaspiysk on 17-18 May 2026 and described the vessel type as guarding naval basing points and countering sabotage forces. | Accessed: 2026-07-03Timeline of Ukraine Invasion: War In The Black SeaPublisher: Covert Shores | Note: Supports 2014 Russia-Ukraine War direct conflict-use context for Ukrainian maritime drone attacks against Russian ships guarding the Kerch Bridge, including a Project 21980 Grachonok-class boat. | Accessed: 2026-07-03