BrahMos is an India-Russia ramjet-powered supersonic cruise missile built for anti-ship and land-attack missions from air, ground, ship, and submarine launch platforms. In the 2025 India-Pakistan Conflict, India cited BrahMos as one of the indigenous weapons used for precision strikes during Operation Sindoor, with independent analysis highlighting the air-launched Su-30MKI integration as a key long-range strike capability.
India used BrahMos during Operation Sindoor; official Indian statements said BrahMos struck targets with precision deep inside enemy territory, and later PIB/MoD coverage specifically described a Su-30MKI-launched BrahMos strike against hardened aircraft shelters.
BrahMos variants are organized mainly by launch platform, with BrahMos-NG and BrahMos-II treated by BrahMos Aerospace as developmental next-generation designations rather than operational launch-platform variants.
| Variant | Configuration | Designation notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ship-based BrahMos | Naval vertical or inclined launch configuration | BrahMos Aerospace describes the naval weapon as launchable in vertical or inclined mode from moving or static maritime platforms against sea or land targets. Sources: BrahMos Ship Based Weapon System |
| Land-based BrahMos | Mobile land-attack configuration | The land complex uses Mobile Autonomous Launchers with two or three missile containers and was operationalized in the Indian Army in 2007. Sources: BrahMos Land Based Weapon System |
| BrahMos-A | Air-launched cruise missile for Su-30MKI | BrahMos Aerospace describes the air-launched missile as integrated on the IAF Su-30MKI for precision attack against sea and land targets. Sources: BrahMos Air Launch System |
| Submarine-launched BrahMos | Vertical underwater-launch configuration | BrahMos Aerospace says the submarine-launched version is configured similarly to the ship-based missile and was test-fired from a submerged platform in 2013. |
| BRAHMOS-NG | Developmental next-generation derivative | BrahMos Aerospace describes NG as a smaller, lighter derivative, with the first prototype planned for air launch and later adaptation to other platforms. Sources: BrahMos-NG |
| BRAHMOS-II | Developmental hypersonic concept | BrahMos Aerospace describes BrahMos-II as a future hypersonic weapon concept using air-breathing scramjet technology for Mach 5-plus speed. Sources: BrahMos-II |
BrahMos is documented as ship-launched from Indian Navy destroyers such as INS Chennai. BrahMos Aerospace documents the Mobile Autonomous Launcher as the land-based launch platform for BrahMos. BrahMos is documented as an air-launched missile for the Indian Air Force's Su-30MKI fleet.
| Launcher | Launcher type | Launch evidence |
|---|---|---|
 | Stealth destroyer | PIB reported BrahMos was successfully test-fired from INS Chennai. Sources: INS Chennai BrahMos Test Fire | PIB |
 | Mobile land launcher | BrahMos Aerospace says the Mobile Autonomous Launcher carries three canisterised BrahMos missiles, and official press material shows BrahMos test-firing from the MAL. Sources: BrahMos Land Based Weapon System, BrahMos Press Release 172 |
 | Multirole fighter aircraft | BrahMos Aerospace describes the air-launched BrahMos for the Indian Air Force's frontline Sukhoi-30MKI platform, and PIB reported successful firings from Su-30MKI aircraft. Sources: BrahMos Air Launch System, PIB Su-30MKI BrahMos Test Fire 2022 |
India and Russia signed the inter-governmental agreement that led to BrahMos Aerospace and the joint supersonic cruise-missile program.
Sources: BrahMos Company Profile
BrahMos Aerospace says the Indian Navy has deployed the ship-based BrahMos weapon system since 2005.
Sources: BrahMos Ship Based Weapon System
BrahMos Aerospace describes the land-attack BrahMos system as operationalized in the Indian Army in 2007.
Sources: BrahMos Land Based Weapon System
BrahMos Aerospace says the submarine-launched version was successfully test-fired from a submerged platform for its full range.
Sources: BrahMos Submarine Launched Weapon System
BrahMos Aerospace describes the first successful air launch from a Su-30MKI as a milestone for the air-launched BrahMos configuration.
Sources: BrahMos Air Launch System
Indian official statements and independent analysis identified BrahMos as part of India's long-range precision-strike package during the 2025 India-Pakistan Conflict.
Sources: PM Kanpur Operation Sindoor Remarks, Military Lessons from Operation Sindoor, Four Days in May: The India-Pakistan Crisis of 2025
