Sistemas navales

Portaaviones clase Kuznetsov

Also known as
  • Admiral Kuznetsov
  • TAVKR Admiral Kuznetsov
  • Project 1143.5
  • Project 11435
  • Clase Orel
  • Crucero pesado portaaeronaves clase Admiral Kuznetsov Project 1143.5 / Project 11435

La clase Kuznetsov es un diseño soviético de crucero pesado portaaeronaves construido en Nikolayev South Shipyard para aviación embarcada STOBAR con salto de esquí y una batería de misiles a bordo. Admiral Kuznetsov seguía siendo el único portaaviones de Rusia cuando su ala aérea se desplegó en el Mediterráneo oriental y lanzó ataques en Siria en 2016.

Portaaviones clase Kuznetsov, Crucero pesado portaaeronaves / portaaviones STOBAR, Sistemas navales
Image source: Russian aircraft carrier Kuznetsov.jpg

Role in Conflicts

Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Unión Soviética
Built in
Soviet Union
Type
Crucero pesado portaaeronaves / portaaviones STOBAR
Service note
1991-presente
Produced
1985-1991
Number built
2 cascos botados; Admiral Kuznetsov completado para servicio soviético/ruso

Specifications

Eslora
284 m
Manga
72.3 m
Calado
9.14 m
Desplazamiento a plena carga
55,000 t
Desplazamiento máximo
58,600 t
Velocidad
29 kt
Alcance
8,500 nmi
Autonomía
45 días
Cubierta de vuelo
14,700 m2 con salto de esquí de proa de 12 grados y cables de apontaje
Capacidad de aeronaves
La configuración publicada incluye cazas de clase Su-27K/Su-33 y variantes de helicóptero Ka-27
Batería de misiles del buque
12 lanzadores de misiles superficie-superficie Granit / SS-N-19
Variants

Los registros del Project 1143.5/11435 usan varios nombres superpuestos: el diseño soviético/ruso de crucero pesado portaaeronaves, el buque líder Admiral Kuznetsov y el casco inacabado Varyag, que China reconstruyó posteriormente como Liaoning.

VariantConfigurationDesignation notes
Project 1143.5 / Orel classDiseño soviético de portaaviones-crucero

Naval Technology identifica la clase Kuznetsov como Project 1143.5 / clase Orel y la describe como un crucero pesado portaaeronaves construido en Nikolayev South Shipyard.

Sources: Kuznetsov Class (Type 1143.5) Aircraft Carrier

Type 001 Liaoning aircraft carrier, Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy ski-jump aircraft carrier, Naval SystemsVaryag / Type 001 LiaoningUnfinished sister hull rebuilt in China

Naval Technology says Varyag was the second Kuznetsov-class hull, while CSIS says the unfinished hull was purchased by a Chinese entity, towed to China, modernized, and commissioned as Liaoning in 2012.

Sources: Kuznetsov Class (Type 1143.5) Aircraft Carrier, How Does China's First Aircraft Carrier Stack Up?

Varyag / Type 001 LiaoningCasco hermano inacabado reconstruido en China

Naval Technology dice que Varyag fue el segundo casco de la clase Kuznetsov, mientras que CSIS dice que el casco inacabado fue comprado por una entidad china, remolcado a China, modernizado y comisionado como Liaoning en 2012.

Aeronaves embarcadas

La configuración de Admiral Kuznetsov con salto de esquí y cables de apontaje permite operar aviación embarcada de ala fija sin catapultas; el catálogo actualmente tiene una entrada vinculada para la familia MiG-29K documentada en el despliegue de 2016.

Carried itemItem typeCarriage evidence
MiG-29K, Carrier-based multirole fighter aircraft, Aircraft & UAVsMiG-29KCaza polivalente embarcado

USNI News informó que aeronaves rusas MiG-29K/KR formaban parte del grupo aéreo de Admiral Kuznetsov durante el despliegue del portaaviones sobre Siria en noviembre de 2016.

Sources: Russian Carrier MiG-29K Fighter Crashes in Mediterranean

Air Wing And Ship Armament

Las páginas de la clase Kuznetsov deben separar el buque de las aeronaves y misiles que lo convirtieron en un portaaviones-crucero, en lugar de un portaaviones convencional de cubierta corrida.

ElementoConfiguración documentadaFuente
Lanzamiento y recuperaciónDespegue desde salto de esquí en proa con cables de apontaje, además de dos elevadores de aeronaves a estribor entre el hangar y la cubierta de vuelo.Kuznetsov Class (Type 1143.5) Aircraft Carrier
Aeronaves de ala fijaNaval Technology enumera capacidad para aeronaves de clase Su-27K/Su-33; USNI News documenta por separado aeronaves MiG-29K/KR en el despliegue en Siria de 2016.Kuznetsov Class (Type 1143.5) Aircraft Carrier; Russian Carrier MiG-29K Fighter Crashes in Mediterranean
HelicópterosLa configuración publicada de aeronaves embarcadas incluye variantes de helicóptero Ka-27 para funciones antisubmarinas, de radar y de apoyo.Kuznetsov Class (Type 1143.5) Aircraft Carrier
Batería de misiles del buqueEl buque figura con doce lanzadores de misiles superficie-superficie Granit como parte de su armamento de estilo crucero.Kuznetsov Class (Type 1143.5) Aircraft Carrier

Fuentes: Kuznetsov Class (Type 1143.5) Aircraft Carrier; Russian Carrier MiG-29K Fighter Crashes in Mediterranean.

Timeline

Portaaviones clase Kuznetsov Key Events

  1. Buque líder botado

    Naval Technology informa que Admiral Kuznetsov fue botado en 1985 tras su construcción en Nikolayev South Shipyard.

    Sources: Kuznetsov Class (Type 1143.5) Aircraft Carrier

  2. Casco Varyag botado

    Naval Technology identifica a Varyag como el segundo casco de la clase y dice que fue botado en 1988 antes de su posterior transferencia a China.

    Sources: Kuznetsov Class (Type 1143.5) Aircraft Carrier

  3. Admiral Kuznetsov comisionado

    The Moscow Times describe a Admiral Kuznetsov como botado en 1985 y comisionado en 1991.

    Sources: Russia Weighs Scrapping Its Only Aircraft Carrier After Years of Restoration Delays

  4. Informes de salidas armadas sobre Siria

    USNI News informó que cazas rusos armados habían despegado desde Admiral Kuznetsov para vuelos sobre Siria antes de ataques previstos.

    Sources: Official: Russians Flying Armed Sorties From Carrier Over Syria

  5. Primeros ataques contra Siria

    RFE/RL informó que Admiral Kuznetsov participó en combate por primera vez y que aviones rusos del portaaviones lanzaron ataques contra Siria.

    Sources: Russia's Aircraft Carrier Launches First Strikes On Syria

  6. Un largo periodo de reparaciones sigue al despliegue en Siria

    The Moscow Times informa que Admiral Kuznetsov entró en su actual revisión tras la misión en el Mediterráneo en la que realizó ataques aéreos en Siria, con reparaciones en curso desde 2018.

    Sources: Russia Weighs Scrapping Its Only Aircraft Carrier After Years of Restoration Delays

  7. Informes rusos cuestionan su regreso al servicio

    The Moscow Times informó que los trabajos de reparación y modernización habían sido suspendidos mientras funcionarios rusos discutían si Admiral Kuznetsov debía volver al servicio activo o ser desguazado.

    Sources: Russia Weighs Scrapping Its Only Aircraft Carrier After Years of Restoration Delays

Media

Portaaviones clase Kuznetsov Videos

Portaaviones clase Kuznetsov Images

Portaaviones clase Kuznetsov, Crucero pesado portaaeronaves / portaaviones STOBAR, Sistemas navales - view 1
Source: HMS Dragon with Russian Aircraft Carrier 'Admiral Kuzetsov' MOD 45157552.jpg
Portaaviones clase Kuznetsov, Crucero pesado portaaeronaves / portaaviones STOBAR, Sistemas navales - view 2
Source: Sukhoi Su-33 launching from the Admiral Kuznetsov.jpg
Related Weapon Systems
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Type 002 Shandong aircraft carrier, Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy ski-jump aircraft carrier, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsType 002 Shandong aircraft carrierChinese People's Liberation Army Navy ski-jump aircraft carrierThe Type 002 Shandong is China's first domestically built aircraft carrier and the PLAN's second operational carrier, a conventionally powered STOBAR ship that extends the Liaoning design with a smaller island, Type 346A radar, and a larger expected air wing. Commissioned at Sanya on 17 December 2019 as hull number CV-17, Shandong has since been tracked on repeated Western Pacific and South China Sea deployments rather than documented combat use.
Project 1164 Atlant / Slava-class guided-missile cruiser, Guided-missile cruiser, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsProject 1164 Atlant / Slava-class guided-missile cruiserGuided-missile cruiserThe Project 1164 Atlant / Slava-class guided-missile cruiser is a Soviet-designed surface-strike cruiser class built at the 61 Kommunara yard in Mykolaiv. Its large angled anti-ship missile battery, S-300F Fort area air defense, Osa-M point defense, AK-130 gun, and helicopter deck made the class a Russian fleet flagship type, with Moskva documented in the 2008 Russo-Georgian War, Russia's Syria operation, and the 2022 phase of the Russia-Ukraine War before its sinking in the Black Sea.
Type 003 Fujian aircraft carrier, Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy CATOBAR aircraft carrier with electromagnetic catapults, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsType 003 Fujian aircraft carrierChinese People's Liberation Army Navy CATOBAR aircraft carrier with electromagnetic catapultsType 003 Fujian is the People's Liberation Army Navy's first fully domestically designed catapult aircraft carrier and China's first carrier with electromagnetic catapults. Built at Jiangnan Shipyard and commissioned on 5 November 2025, it moves Chinese carrier aviation from ski-jump STOBAR operations toward CATOBAR launch and recovery with heavier fixed-wing aircraft.

Sources

Kuznetsov Class (Type 1143.5) Aircraft CarrierPublisher: Naval Technology | Note: Supports the class designation, Project 1143.5 / Orel naming, Black Sea shipyard construction context, and principal dimensions and full-load displacement. | Accessed: 2026-06-29Kuznetsov Class (Project 11435 Class) Russian Aircraft CarrierPublisher: ODIN | Note: Supports the Kuznetsov-class designation, Russian heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser role, and ski-jump STOBAR carrier background. | Accessed: 2026-06-29Official: Russians Flying Armed Sorties From Carrier Over SyriaPublisher: USNI News | Note: Supports Admiral Kuznetsov armed sorties over Syria in November 2016 during the 2011 Syrian Civil War. | Accessed: 2026-06-29Russian Carrier MiG-29K Fighter Crashes in MediterraneanPublisher: USNI News | Note: 2011 Syrian Civil War: supports MiG-29K/KR aircraft fielded by Admiral Kuznetsov during the carrier deployment over Syria in November 2016. | Accessed: 2026-06-29Russia's Aircraft Carrier Launches First Strikes On SyriaPublisher: RFE/RL | Note: Supports Admiral Kuznetsov first strikes on Syria during the 2011 Syrian Civil War. | Accessed: 2026-06-29Russia Weighs Scrapping Its Only Aircraft Carrier After Years of Restoration DelaysPublisher: The Moscow Times | Note: Supports launch and commission timing, the carrier's status as Russia's only aircraft carrier, and reported suspension of overhaul work while officials debated whether it should return to service. | Accessed: 2026-06-29How Does China's First Aircraft Carrier Stack Up?Publisher: ChinaPower Project, CSIS | Note: Supports the unfinished Varyag hull's sale, transfer to China, modernization, and commissioning as Liaoning in 2012. | Accessed: 2026-06-29Russian aircraft carrier Kuznetsov.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and public-domain licensing for the primary carrier image. | Accessed: 2026-06-29HMS Dragon with Russian Aircraft Carrier 'Admiral Kuzetsov' MOD 45157552.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and Open Government Licence v1.0 for a carrier-at-sea image. | Accessed: 2026-06-29Sukhoi Su-33 launching from the Admiral Kuznetsov.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licensing for a carrier launch image. | Accessed: 2026-06-29