Aeronaves y UAV

T-90 Calima

Also known as
  • Calima T-90
  • Lancair-CIAC T-90 Calima
  • T90 Calima

El T-90 Calima es una aeronave colombiana de entrenamiento primario construida mediante un programa de la Fuerza Aerea Colombiana, CAMAN, CIAC y Lancair para reemplazar entrenadores T-34 Mentor mas antiguos. Fuentes de la FAC, CIAC, Lancair, EMAVI y el museo de la FAC lo presentan como un proyecto nacional de produccion y entrenamiento en aeronaves compuestas: se fabricaron entre 25 y 26 aeronaves, el tipo acumulo mas de 15.000 horas de vuelo y un certificado de tipo de defensa restringido de 2019 formalizo la aprobacion de su diseno para entrenamiento militar.

T-90 Calima, Aeronave de entrenamiento primario, Aeronaves y UAV
Image source: T-90 aircraft fact sheet
Training And Certification Context

El Calima esta documentado como una aeronave de entrenamiento, no como una aeronave de combate. CIAC describe el tipo como una aeronave de instruccion primaria para la formacion de pilotos de la Fuerza Aerea Colombiana, mientras que los informes de EMAVI lo ubican en la Escuela Militar de Aviacion Marco Fidel Suarez, en Cali, para entrenamiento de vuelo primario y basico bajo el Plan Ajax.

Funcion de entrenamiento

Entrenador primario biplaza de ala baja con controles de vuelo dobles para uso instructor-alumno.

Marco del programa

El trabajo de fabricacion se centro en personal de CAMAN y CIAC, con participacion de Lancair en diseno y componentes.

Limite de certificacion

SECAD describe la aprobacion de 2019 como un certificado de tipo de defensa restringido para una aeronave colombiana de instruccion militar.

Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
Colombia
Type
Aeronave de entrenamiento primario
Service note
Inicio del desarrollo en 2006; flota colombiana de entrenamiento primario en la decada de 2010
Designer
Fuerza Aerea Colombiana / CAMAN, CIAC y Lancair
Designed
Inicio del programa en 2006
Produced
Primeras tres entregadas en 2010; produccion completada en 2014
Number built
25 aeronaves segun informes de la FAC; CIAC informa 26 aeronaves fabricadas
Developed from
Lancair Synergy / Lancair Legacy FG modificado

Specifications

Mision
Instruccion basica primaria
Tripulacion
Un instructor y un alumno
Motor
Un motor piston Lycoming IO-390 de 210 shp
Velocidad maxima
219 kt
Velocidad de crucero
155 kt
Alcance
775 millas nauticas
Techo de servicio
18.000 ft
Autonomia
4 h 40 min
Peso maximo de operacion
2.200 lb
Carga util
720 lb
Construccion
Estructura compuesta con fibra de carbono y fibra de vidrio segun informes de CIAC
Envergadura
8,66 m
Longitud
6,62 m
Superficie alar
7,79 m2
Capacidad de combustible
64 gal
Avionica
Garmin 500, Garmin GTN 650 y Garmin GMA 340 segun informes de CIAC
Variants

Los informes sobre la designacion Calima distinguen la aeronave T-90 original, el estandar de produccion y modernizacion T-90C, y el demostrador posterior T-90D orientado a mercados mas amplios de entrenamiento militar y civil.

VariantConfigurationDesignation notes
T-90C CalimaEstandar de produccion y modernizacion de la flota FAC

Informado como el estandar Calima mejorado, con cambios aerodinamicos, estructurales, de tren de aterrizaje y de avionica Garmin aplicados desde la linea de produccion de 2013 y el programa de modernizacion.

Sources: T-90C Calima variant report

T-90D CalimaDemostrador posterior y aeronave de comercializacion de CIAC

Informado como la aeronave FAC2465, numero de construccion 026, evolucionada desde el T-90C con cambios en bancada de motor, tren de aterrizaje, sistema hidraulico de frenos, sellado de cabina, ventilacion y avionica.

Sources: T-90D Calima commercialization report

Timeline

T-90 Calima Key Events

  1. Comienza el programa de reemplazo

    Informes de la FAC indican que el programa Calima comenzo en 2006, cuando CIAC y la Fuerza Aerea Colombiana aprobaron el desarrollo de un reemplazo para los entrenadores primarios T-34 Mentor.

    Sources: Last T-90 Calima delivery

  2. Primeras aeronaves entregadas

    Informes de la FAC indican que el trabajo de produccion de CAMAN entrego las primeras tres aeronaves T-90 Calima en 2010.

    Sources: Last T-90 Calima delivery

  3. La FAC informa la finalizacion de la flota de 25 aeronaves

    La Fuerza Aerea Colombiana informo en agosto de 2014 que ella y CIAC habian completado la fabricacion de 25 aeronaves Calima T-90.

    Sources: Last T-90 Calima delivery

  4. Certificado de tipo de defensa otorgado

    SECAD informo que durante F-AIR 2019 se entrego un certificado de tipo de defensa restringido para el T-90 Calima.

    Sources: T-90 Calima defense type certificate

  5. EMAVI informa uso de entrenamiento bajo el Plan Ajax

    EMAVI informo que aeronaves T-90 Calima se usaban en la Escuela Militar de Aviacion Marco Fidel Suarez, en Cali, para instruccion de vuelo primaria y basica bajo el Plan Ajax.

    Sources: EMAVI Plan Ajax training report

  6. El museo de la FAC destaca el proyecto nacional de fabricacion

    El Museo Aeroespacial de la FAC describio el Calima como un proyecto de la industria aeronautica colombiana con participacion de personal militar y civil de CAMAN y CIAC.

    Sources: FAC museum Calima exhibit

Media

T-90 Calima Videos

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Sources

T-90 aircraft fact sheetPublisher: Fuerza Aeroespacial Colombiana | Note: Supports the Calima T-90 mission, manufacturer listing as CAMAN, CIAC, and Lancair, Colombian origin, performance figures, crew, engine, payload, and official page image context. | Accessed: 2026-07-13Last T-90 Calima deliveryPublisher: Fuerza Aeroespacial Colombiana | Note: Supports the FAC-CIAC program structure, 2006 development start, CAMAN production line, first three 2010 deliveries, 2014 completion, and 25-aircraft fleet figure. | Accessed: 2026-07-13Calima T-90Publisher: Corporacion de la Industria Aeronautica Colombiana | Note: Supports CIAC's description of the Calima T-90 as a Colombian primary instruction aircraft, its composite construction, dimensions, fuel capacity, avionics, more than 15,000 flight hours, defense type certificate context, 26-aircraft production figure, and official image metadata. | Accessed: 2026-07-13Synergy/Calima T-90Publisher: Lancair International | Note: Supports the strategic alliance with CIAC, Colombian assembly, Lancair component/design contribution, 26-unit production figure, and military training role. | Accessed: 2026-07-13Lancair Colombian training aircraft agreementPublisher: Aero-News Network | Note: Supports the modified Lancair Legacy FG/Synergy design lineage, 25-aircraft primary-training agreement, larger wing and training-handling changes, Lycoming IO-390 engine, and Lancair tooling, materials, support, and composite-training contribution to CIAC. | Accessed: 2026-07-13Colombian Air Force Lancair Synergy first flightPublisher: AVweb | Note: Supports the Lancair Synergy first-flight context, comparison with the Lancair Legacy, larger wing and tail, lower-speed training characteristics, and center-stick training layout. | Accessed: 2026-07-13T-90C Calima variant reportPublisher: volavi | Note: Supports the T-90C variant designation, 2013 production and retrofit context, FAC2450 production-aircraft example, and aerodynamic, structural, landing-gear, and avionics changes. | Accessed: 2026-07-13T-90D Calima commercialization reportPublisher: volavi | Note: Supports the T-90D designation, CIAC/FAC evolution from the T-90C, FAC2465 construction-number 026 identity, follow-on improvements, and commercialization intent. | Accessed: 2026-07-13T-90 Calima defense type certificatePublisher: Fuerza Aeroespacial Colombiana SECAD | Note: Supports the 2019 restricted defense type certificate milestone and the certification activities involving CAMAN, CIAC, and FAC's state aviation authority. | Accessed: 2026-07-13EMAVI Plan Ajax training reportPublisher: Escuela Militar de Aviacion Marco Fidel Suarez | Note: Supports EMAVI's 2020 report that the T-90 Calima and T-41 Mescalero were used for primary and basic flight instruction under Plan Ajax, and that the T-90 operated from the Marco Fidel Suarez air base in Cali. | Accessed: 2026-07-13FAC museum Calima exhibitPublisher: Museo Aeroespacial Fuerza Aerea Colombiana | Note: Supports the museum context for the Calima as a national aviation-industry project involving CAMAN and CIAC military and civilian personnel, and the naming context tied to Calima cultural imagery. | Accessed: 2026-07-13