Municiones

Misil de crucero antibuque Al-Mandab-1

Also known as
  • Al Mandab 1
  • al-Mandab-1
  • Al-Mandab 1
  • C-801
  • YJ-8
  • CSS-N-4 Sardine

Al-Mandab-1 es la designación hutí para un misil de crucero antibuque chino de la familia C-801/YJ-8 vinculado a arsenales navales yemeníes anteriores a la guerra. CSIS registra el empleo hutí de C-801/802 contra buques cerca de la costa de Yemen y un video hutí de noviembre de 2017 que usa el nombre al-Mandab-1, pero el registro de fuentes abiertas mantiene cautela sobre si el misil mostrado era un C-801 o un arma visualmente similar de la familia C-802.

Misil de crucero antibuque Al-Mandab-1, Misil de crucero antibuque, Municiones
Image source: YJ-8 Missile 20220203

Role in Conflicts

2014 Yemen Civil War
Area DenialInterdiction

En la guerra civil de Yemen de 2014, fuerzas hutíes mostraron al-Mandab-1 en un video de misiles antibuque de noviembre de 2017; CSIS también afirma que fuerzas hutíes emplearon misiles C-801/802 en ataques cerca de la costa de Yemen, incluidos los incidentes del USS Mason en 2016, aunque advierte que la identidad exacta de al-Mandab-1 como C-801 o C-802 no está clara.

Role details
Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
China
Type
Misil de crucero antibuque
Service note
Diseño de la Guerra Fría mostrado posteriormente en la guerra civil de Yemen de 2014
Designer
China Haiying Electro-Mechanical Technology Academy
Designed
Finales de la década de 1970
Produced
Desde la década de 1980 para la familia C-801

Specifications

Alcance
Aproximadamente 40-42 km
Cabeza de guerra
165 kg
Peso de lanzamiento
Aproximadamente 815 kg
Longitud
5,81 m para la configuración base C-801
Diámetro
0,36 m
Propulsión
Motor cohete de combustible sólido para la identificación C-801/YJ-8
Perfil de vuelo
Misil de crucero antibuque subsónico de vuelo rasante sobre el mar
Guiado
Guiado inercial con búsqueda terminal por radar activo
Designation And Evidence Notes

La etiqueta al-Mandab-1 se entiende mejor como una designación hutí para misiles antibuque más antiguos de origen chino, no como un nombre limpio de modelo de fábrica. CSIS identifica el sistema mostrado como parte de la familia C-801/C-802 y advierte expresamente que ambos son visualmente similares en imágenes abiertas.

Familia base

La configuración base C-801/YJ-8 aporta a la página su conjunto de especificaciones de corto alcance: unos 42 km de alcance, una cabeza de guerra de 165 kg y búsqueda terminal por radar activo.

Ruta del arsenal yemení

CSIS rastrea los arsenales yemeníes C-801 anteriores a la guerra hasta una venta china de 1995 y afirma que varios misiles pasaron a fuerzas hutíes en 2015.

Límite de identificación

La exhibición en el conflicto prueba el empleo hutí de la designación al-Mandab-1, pero no una separación pública clara entre identidades de célula C-801 y C-802.

Variants

El nombre al-Mandab-1 es una designación hutí de conflicto superpuesta a la familia china YJ-8/C-801. Las fuentes difieren sobre si el misil mostrado debe tratarse como un C-801 o como un arma visualmente similar de la familia C-802, por lo que las designaciones relacionadas se mantienen explícitas.

VariantConfigurationDesignation notes
C-801 anti-ship missile, Anti-ship cruise missile, MunitionsC-801 anti-ship missileFamilia base china

CSIS enumera el C-801 como un misil antibuque chino de 42 km y cita la adquisición yemení de 1995 antes de que varios misiles cayeran en manos hutíes en 2015.

Sources: The Missile War in Yemen

C-802/Noor anti-ship cruise missile, Anti-ship cruise missile, MunitionsC-802/Noor anti-ship cruise missileFamilia mejorada visualmente similar

CSIS dice que la exhibición de al-Mandab-1 no puede separarse con confianza, por apariencia, entre C-801 y C-802, y que las fuerzas hutíes también pueden haber adquirido C-802 o derivados iraníes Noor.

Sources: The Missile War in Yemen

Al-Mandab-2 anti-ship cruise missile, Anti-ship cruise missile, MunitionsAl-Mandab-2 anti-ship cruise missileDesignación hutí posterior de largo alcance

IISS y CTC tratan Al-Mandab-2 como el misil de crucero antibuque hutí más capaz vinculado al C-802/Ghadir, distinto del arsenal más antiguo Al-Mandab-1/C-801.

Sources: IISS: Houthi anti-ship missile systems, CTC: Assessing the Houthi War Effort

Plataformas de lanzamiento

La información de fuentes abiertas sitúa el Al-Mandab-1 en camiones lanzadores costeros móviles, no en una batería costera fija.

LauncherLauncher typeLaunch evidence
Mobile coastal launcher, Truck-mounted mobile coastal launcher for anti-ship cruise missiles, Naval SystemsMobile coastal launcherLanzador costero móvil

Army Recognition y Topwar afirman que Al-Mandab-1 se lanza desde un lanzador costero móvil; National Interest agrega que marineros yemeníes recuperaron lanzadores C.801 e instalaron misiles en camiones con radares de búsqueda de superficie.

Sources: Army Recognition: Red Sea arsenal analysis, Topwar: Houthi anti-ship weapons review, National Interest: Houthi missiles that could sink a navy warship

Timeline

Misil de crucero antibuque Al-Mandab-1 Key Events

  1. Yemen adquiere misiles C-801

    CSIS cita a SIPRI por una venta china de 1995 de 25 misiles antibuque C-801 al Yemen anterior a la guerra.

    Sources: The Missile War in Yemen

  2. Los misiles caen en manos huthis

    CSIS afirma que varios misiles C-801 pasaron a fuerzas hutíes en 2015 tras la defección de tres lanchas misilísticas yemeníes Type 021.

    Sources: The Missile War in Yemen

  3. Aparece la designación Al-Mandab-1

    CSIS informa que medios hutíes publicaron en noviembre de 2017 un video que mostraba misiles antibuque designados al-Mandab-1, al tiempo que señalaba la incertidumbre de identificación C-801/C-802.

    Sources: The Missile War in Yemen

  4. Los arsenales antiguos siguen siendo una amenaza con reservas

    TWZ e IISS describieron los misiles C-801/Al-Mandab-1 como misiles de crucero antibuque más antiguos en manos hutíes que aún se exhiben en desfiles, aunque señalaron incertidumbre sobre las cifras operativas restantes.

    Sources: TWZ: Houthi anti-ship missile arsenal, IISS: Houthi anti-ship missile systems

Media

Misil de crucero antibuque Al-Mandab-1 Images

Misil de crucero antibuque Al-Mandab-1, Misil de crucero antibuque, Municiones - view 1
Source: C-802 anti ship missile
Misil de crucero antibuque Al-Mandab-1, Misil de crucero antibuque, Municiones - view 2
Source: C-802 and C-705 missiles being launched
Related Weapon Systems
Al-Mandab-2 anti-ship cruise missile, Anti-ship cruise missile, MunitionsMunitionsAl-Mandab-2 anti-ship cruise missileAnti-ship cruise missileAl-Mandab-2 is a Houthi designation for an anti-ship cruise missile displayed in 2022 and associated by UN, defense, and component-analysis sources with the C-802-derived Iranian Noor/Ghader/Ghadir family. Houthi-affiliated media claimed a seven-meter missile with a 300-kilometer range and micro-turbojet propulsion, while outside assessments differ on whether the public evidence best matches Ghader, Ghadir, or a broader C-802 derivative.
Mobile coastal launcher, Truck-mounted mobile coastal launcher for anti-ship cruise missiles, Naval SystemsNaval SystemsMobile coastal launcherTruck-mounted mobile coastal launcher for anti-ship cruise missilesThe Houthi mobile coastal launcher is a road-mobile shore-launch arrangement for anti-ship cruise missiles, built around recovered Yemeni C.801 launch equipment, trucks, and surface-search radars. It links the Al-Mandab-1/C-801 family to 2014 Yemen Civil War coastal defense and later appears in 2023 Red Sea Crisis reporting as Houthi truck-mounted anti-ship missiles and launchers threatened shipping from Houthi-controlled Yemen.
C-801 anti-ship missile, Anti-ship cruise missile, MunitionsMunitionsC-801 anti-ship missileAnti-ship cruise missileThe C-801 is the export designation of China's YJ-8 family, a solid-propellant, sea-skimming anti-ship missile built by CASIC's Third Academy. Open references place the surface-launched YJ-8/C-801 in 1987 service with a 42 km range and 165 kg warhead, while later YJ-81/C-801K and YJ-82 members carried the same short-range family into air- and submarine-launched roles. Yemen's pre-war C-801 stocks and the C-801/C-802 identification caveat make the missile relevant to Houthi anti-ship attacks in the 2014 Yemen Civil War.
Quds-1 land-attack cruise missile, Land-attack cruise missile, MunitionsMunitionsQuds-1 land-attack cruise missileLand-attack cruise missileThe Quds-1 is a Houthi land-attack cruise missile publicly displayed in Yemen in July 2019 and identified by U.S. sources as the 351 land-attack cruise missile. Open-source and UN-linked analysis describes a compact, ground-launched cruise missile powered by a TJ100-type turbojet and tied to Iranian design and supply networks despite Houthi claims of indigenous development. In the 2014 Yemen Civil War, Houthi-aligned forces used the Quds-1 for long-range strikes against Saudi airport, desalination, and oil-infrastructure targets.

Sources

The Missile War in YemenPublisher: Center for Strategic and International Studies | Note: 2014 Yemen Civil War: supports Houthi C-801/802 attacks near Yemen's coastline, the November 2017 al-Mandab-1 video, Yemen's pre-war C-801 procurement, 2015 Houthi acquisition context, and the C-801/C-802 identification caveat. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Houthis missile inventoryPublisher: Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance | Note: Supports the Houthi anti-ship missile inventory listing for Al Mandab 1 as a China/C-801 missile with a 40 km range and 165 kg warhead. | Accessed: 2026-07-01A Low-Visibility Force Multiplier: Assessing China's Cruise Missile DevelopmentsPublisher: National Defense University Press | Note: Supports the C-801 family background and Chinese manufacturer context for the missile family associated with al-Mandab-1. | Accessed: 2026-07-01YJ-8 Missile 20220203Publisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and license for the primary C-801-family image used on this entry. | Accessed: 2026-07-01C-802 anti ship missilePublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and license for a gallery image showing a related C-802-family missile installation. | Accessed: 2026-07-01C-802 and C-705 missiles being launchedPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and license for a gallery image showing a related C-802-family launch view. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Army Recognition: Red Sea arsenal analysisPublisher: Army Recognition | Note: Supports the report that Yemen received Type 037IG missile boats equipped with YJ-8/C-801 missiles and the reported maximum range of Al-Mandab-1 when launched from a mobile coastal launcher. | Accessed: 2026-07-01Topwar: Houthi anti-ship weapons reviewPublisher: Topwar | Note: Supports the mobile coastal launcher relationship and the reported maximum range of Al-Mandab-1 when launched from it. | Accessed: 2026-07-01National Interest: Houthi missiles that could sink a navy warshipPublisher: The National Interest | Note: Supports the launcher relationship by describing Yemeni sailors recovering C.801 launchers and installing missiles on trucks with surface-search radars. | Accessed: 2026-07-01IISS: Houthi anti-ship missile systemsPublisher: International Institute for Strategic Studies | Note: Supports background on Houthi acquisition of older C-801/Al-Mandab-1 missiles after early conflict territorial gains, their continued parade visibility, and the distinction from later Al-Mandab-2/C-802-family systems. | Accessed: 2026-07-01TWZ: Houthi anti-ship missile arsenalPublisher: The War Zone | Note: Supports background on Houthi C-801/Al-Mandab-1 stocks, range and seeker context, and the caveat that older missiles are still paraded but their remaining operational inventory is unclear. | Accessed: 2026-07-01CTC: Assessing the Houthi War EffortPublisher: Combating Terrorism Center at West Point | Note: Supports background distinction between older displayed Al-Mandab-1/C-801-family missiles and later Al-Mandab-2/C-802-family anti-ship cruise missiles that CTC identifies as the only Houthi anti-ship cruise missile known to have been used in the post-October 2023 shipping campaign. | Accessed: 2026-07-01