Manufacturer catalog

Fakel Machine-Building Design Bureau

Fakel Machine-Building Design Bureau is a Russian air-defense missile design bureau in Khimki, best known for developing interceptor missiles and sustaining the S-200 and S-300 lineages represented in this catalog.

4 weapons

Founded on 20 November 1953 as Special Design Bureau No. 2, Fakel became one of the Soviet Union's core air-defense missile design houses under P. D. Grushin. The current corporate name was adopted in January 1994 after the founder's death.

For this catalog, Fakel provides the builder context for the catalog's S-200 and S-300 entries. The profile keeps those systems tied to the organization that designed their missiles and to the Almaz-Antey industrial structure that later absorbed the bureau.

Air-defense missile designSurface-to-air missile systemsMissile interceptorsAerospace defense engineering

Notable Systems

S-200 / SA-5 Gammon

Long-range surface-to-air missile system

GlobalSecurity's Fakel history page identifies the bureau as the designer of missiles for the S-200 air-defense family.

Sources: GlobalSecurity history

S-300

Long-range surface-to-air missile system

GlobalSecurity and sanctions references connect Fakel to the S-300 missile family, which is one of the catalog's linked builder systems.

Sources: GlobalSecurity history, OpenSanctions profile

Manufacturer History

1953-11-20
OKB-2 / Special Design Bureau No. 2 established
GlobalSecurity records 20 November 1953 as the date the bureau was created by Soviet resolution under the OKB-2 / Special Design Bureau No. 2 designation.
Sources: GlobalSecurity history
1994-01-01
Current legal name adopted
An official Fakel news item says the bureau was renamed to its current full name on 1 January 1994 after Grushin's death in late 1993.
Sources: Official rename news
2002
Joined the Almaz-Antey concern
GlobalSecurity states that Fakel became part of the Air Defense Concern Almaz-Antey in 2002.
Sources: GlobalSecurity history

Predecessors

Special Design Bureau No. 2 (OKB-2)

Manufacturer Images

Ukrainian S-300 launch; Fakel is represented in this catalog as the missile design bureau for the S-300 family.General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine / Wikimedia Commons | CC BY 4.0Source: General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine / Wikimedia Commons

Website links

Official website Contact information GlobalSecurity history OpenSanctions profile

Public sources use several English renderings and legacy names for the same bureau, so this profile normalizes them under the catalog's canonical builder facet. No rights-clear Fakel facility photo or signage image was verified during this task, so the profile uses a license-clear Almaz-Antey headquarters image for its primary media and a license-clear S-300 system image tied to Fakel's catalog role.

Manufacturer Sources

Official websitePublisher: AO MKB Fakel | Note: Supports the current corporate name, the 1953 footer, the Almaz-Antey branding visible on the site, and the bureau's general production and laboratory context. | Accessed: 2026-06-21
Contact informationPublisher: AO MKB Fakel | Note: Supports the Khimki headquarters address and contact details for the current legal entity. | Accessed: 2026-06-21
Official rename newsPublisher: AO MKB Fakel | Note: Supports the 1 January 1994 renaming to the current full name after P. D. Grushin's death in November 1993. | Accessed: 2026-06-21
GlobalSecurity historyPublisher: GlobalSecurity.org | Note: Supports the 20 November 1953 founding date, the OKB-2 predecessor designation, the S-200 and S-300 missile-family history, and the 2002 Almaz-Antey relationship context. | Accessed: 2026-06-21
OpenSanctions profilePublisher: OpenSanctions | Note: Supports the long-form legal-name variants, the website, address variants, and the associated-entity context for Almaz-Antey. | Accessed: 2026-06-21
JSC GSKB Almaz-Antey headquarters in Moscow.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance for a reusable Moscow headquarters photo associated with Almaz-Antey / GSKB Almaz-Antey and listed under CC BY-SA 2.0. | Accessed: 2026-06-25
UA S-300 firing.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance for a Ukrainian S-300 launch image attributed to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and listed under CC BY 4.0. | Accessed: 2026-06-25

Produced weapons

S-200 / SA-5 Gammon, Long-range surface-to-air missile system, Air Defense

2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2011 Syrian Civil War +1 moreS-200 / SA-5 GammonLong-range surface-to-air missile systemBuilt in: Soviet UnionThe S-200, known to NATO as the SA-5 Gammon, is a Soviet long-range surface-to-air missile system built around large radar-guided interceptors and semi-fixed launch sites. It appears in the catalog through Libyan SA-5 launches during the 1986 Gulf of Sidra confrontation, Syrian strategic air-defense fire during Israeli and coalition strike episodes, and Ukrainian reactivation for very long-range aircraft engagements and possible ground-attack use in the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.

S-300, Long-range surface-to-air missile system, Air Defense

2014 Russia-Ukraine War, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict +2 moreS-300Long-range surface-to-air missile systemBuilt in: Soviet Union / RussiaThe S-300 is a Soviet-designed long-range surface-to-air missile family spanning early P-series air-defense systems, export S-300PMU upgrades, and the tracked S-300V branch. Ukraine has relied on legacy S-300 batteries for area air defense, received Slovakia's S-300PMU in 2022, Russia has fired S-300 missiles at Ukrainian ground targets, and Iran fields S-300PMU-2 batteries around strategic sites.

5V55U, S-300PMU-associated 5V55-series surface-to-air missile, Air Defense

2014 Russia-Ukraine War5V55US-300PMU-associated 5V55-series surface-to-air missileBuilt in: Soviet Union / RussiaThe 5V55U is a 5V55-series surface-to-air missile associated with the S-300PMU branch of the S-300 family. Open sources describe it as an upgraded missile for the 1992 export modernization, while SIPRI-derived Ukraine transfer data identifies 45 second-hand Slovak 5V55U missiles delivered for Ukrainian S-300PMU systems during Russia's full-scale invasion.

5V28 surface-to-air missile, Long-range surface-to-air missile interceptor, Munitions

2014 Russia-Ukraine War5V28 surface-to-air missileLong-range surface-to-air missile interceptorBuilt in: Soviet UnionThe 5V28 is the large missile used by later S-200 / SA-5 Gammon air-defense complexes. The record documents its S-200 launch relationship, variant designations, liquid-fueled preparation burden, and direct Ukrainian 5V28 launch footage from the full-scale phase of the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War.