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Portaaviones Type 001 Liaoning

Also known as
  • Liaoning
  • Liaoning (16)

Liaoning es el primer portaaviones de la Armada del Ejército Popular de Liberación y el buque líder Type 001. Reconstruido a partir del casco soviético inacabado Varyag, entró en servicio chino en 2012 como portaaviones STOBAR con salto de esquí, y después se convirtió en la principal plataforma de entrenamiento de aviación embarcada de la PLAN mientras se sometía a grandes reacondicionamientos en Dalian.

Portaaviones Type 001 Liaoning, Portaaviones de salto de esquí de la Armada del Ejército Popular de Liberación de China, Sistemas navales
Image source: File:Liaoning (CV-16).jpg
Profile / Specs

Profile

Origin
China
Type
Portaaviones de salto de esquí de la Armada del Ejército Popular de Liberación de China
Service note
2012-presente
Designed
1985-2012
Unit cost
Precio de compra informado de US$20 millones por el casco inacabado
Produced
Reconstruido y alistado en Dalian entre 2002 y 2012.
Number built
1
Developed from
Portaaviones soviético Varyag de la clase Kuznetsov

Specifications

Clase / designación
Type 001
Tipo de portaaviones
Portaaviones STOBAR con salto de esquí
Desplazamiento
Aproximadamente 58.500 a 65.000 toneladas a plena carga
Eslora
Aproximadamente 306,4 m en total
Velocidad
Aproximadamente 32 nudos
Autonomía
Aproximadamente 3.850 millas náuticas a 32 nudos
Grupo aéreo
36 aeronaves informadas: 24 cazas J-15, 6 helicópteros ASW, 4 helicópteros AEW y 2 helicópteros de rescate
Tripulación
Aproximadamente 1.960 tripulantes más grupo aéreo y personal de estado mayor
Variants
  • Type 001
  • CV-16
Timeline

Portaaviones Type 001 Liaoning Key Events

  1. Puesta de quilla como Riga

    ChinaPower y USNI describen el casco original como un portaaviones soviético puesto en grada en Mykolaiv antes de que el proyecto fuera renombrado posteriormente como Varyag.

  2. Vendido a un comprador chino

    Forces News y ChinaPower informan que el casco inacabado fue vendido en 1998 y posteriormente trasladado hacia China bajo una historia de cobertura civil.

  3. Llega a Dalian

    USNI y ChinaPower describen la llegada del casco al Astillero de Dalian en 2002, donde comenzó el esfuerzo de reconstrucción y finalización.

  4. Comisionado en la PLAN

    GlobalSecurity informa que Liaoning entró en servicio chino el 25 de septiembre de 2012 como el primer portaaviones de la PLAN.

  5. Comienza el primer gran reacondicionamiento

    ChinaPower describe un periodo de gran reacondicionamiento iniciado en 2018, con trabajos de aviación e isla vinculados a la modernización del portaaviones.

  6. Regresa al mar tras el reacondicionamiento

    Naval News informó que Liaoning volvió al mar después de trabajos de reacondicionamiento en Dalian.

  7. Reacondicionado y nuevamente en pruebas de mar

    Global Times informó que Liaoning salió de Dalian para realizar pruebas de mar tras un año completo de reacondicionamiento.

Documented Air Wing

La revisión del ala aérea de USNI describe la aviación de cubierta de Liaoning como centrada en cazas J-15, con helicópteros antisubmarinos Z-18F, helicópteros de alerta temprana aerotransportada Z-18J y helicópteros utilitarios Z-9. La combinación muestra un portaaviones optimizado para entrenamiento, manejo en cubierta y operaciones mixtas de ala fija y ala rotatoria.

RolAeronaveUso documentado
Caza embarcadoShenyang J-15Principal aeronave de combate de ala fija operada desde la cubierta de salto de esquí.
Helicóptero ASWChanghe Z-18FApoyo de helicópteros para guerra antisubmarina y pantalla de protección.
Helicóptero AEWChanghe Z-18JCobertura de alerta temprana aerotransportada para el grupo de portaaviones.
Helicóptero utilitarioHarbin Z-9Tareas de rescate y utilidad a bordo.

La configuración STOBAR con salto de esquí limita el peso de lanzamiento, por lo que el ala aérea del buque enfatiza una pequeña fuerza de cazas embarcados y una combinación flexible de helicópteros.

Media

Portaaviones Type 001 Liaoning Images

Portaaviones Type 001 Liaoning, Portaaviones de salto de esquí de la Armada del Ejército Popular de Liberación de China, Sistemas navales - view 1
Source: File:Liaoning (CV-16).jpg
Related Weapon Systems
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Sources

Liaoning Shi Lang ex-VaryagPublisher: GlobalSecurity.org | Note: Supports the Liaoning's Type 001 designation, STOBAR carrier role, commissioning context, and core specifications. | Accessed: 2026-06-25Liaoning aircraft carrier returns to sea after refitPublisher: Naval News | Note: Supports the Dalian Shipyard refit context and sea-trial activity after maintenance and modification. | Accessed: 2026-06-25China's aircraft carrier Liaoning sets out for sea trial after full year of refurbishmentPublisher: Global Times | Note: Supports the 2024 refurbishment and sea-trial context at Dalian Shipyard. | Accessed: 2026-06-25File:Liaoning (CV-16).jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports the primary image provenance for Liaoning. | Accessed: 2026-06-25How does China's first aircraft carrier stack up? - ChinaPower ProjectPublisher: ChinaPower Project, CSIS | Note: Supports the carrier's origin as the ex-Varyag hull, its rebuild history, core dimensions, and major service milestones. | Accessed: 2026-06-27China's Nascent Aircraft Carrier Fleet - U.S. Naval InstitutePublisher: U.S. Naval Institute | Note: Supports the ship's conversion history, tow to China, and broader carrier-development background. | Accessed: 2026-06-27China Naval Modernization: Implications for US Navy CapabilitiesPublisher: Congressional Research Service | Note: Supports the reported 36-aircraft Liaoning air wing breakdown of J-15 fighters, ASW helicopters, AEW helicopters, and rescue helicopters. | Accessed: 2026-06-27The Liaoning's Air Wing | Proceedings - U.S. Naval InstitutePublisher: U.S. Naval Institute | Note: Supports Liaoning's documented air wing mix, including J-15 fighters, Z-18F and Z-18J helicopters, and Z-9 utility helicopters. | Accessed: 2026-06-27The Long And Strange Tale Of China's First Aircraft CarrierPublisher: BFBS Forces News | Note: Supports the reported US$20 million purchase price of the unfinished hull and the civilian transfer cover story. | Accessed: 2026-06-27