Direct proof of use
The BRU-57/A is directly documented in the Afghanistan war through a DVIDS image from Bagram Air Field dated January 15, 2016. The caption identifies a 455th Expeditionary Aircraft Maintenance Squadron weapons load crew member lubricating a BRU-57 on an F-16 Fighting Falcon during a 30-day inspection at Bagram.
The same caption links the weapons team's work to the close-air-support mission by saying the crew ensured F-16 pilots had functional munitions for air cover to ground forces. This supports fielding and maintenance of the rack in the Afghanistan theater, but it does not by itself document a BRU-57-mounted munition release.
Sources: DVIDS Bagram BRU-57 F-16 Inspection
Bagram F-16 mission context
Official Air Force reporting places F-16s at Bagram in the same Operation Freedom's Sentinel and NATO Resolute Support period. In April 2016, AFCENT described the 457th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron as the Afghanistan-based dedicated fighter squadron supporting Operation Freedom's Sentinel and the Resolute Support mission.
A second AFCENT photo story from August 2016 described F-16s deployed to Bagram as providing overwatch and close air support to U.S. and coalition forces in the Afghanistan area of operation. Read with the DVIDS BRU-57 inspection image, that context places the rack within the Bagram F-16 close-air-support support chain.
Sources: AFCENT 457th EFS Arrival, AFCENT 93rd EFS Night Mission, DVIDS Bagram BRU-57 F-16 Inspection
Role in the conflict
The supported Afghanistan role is smart-weapon carriage support for U.S. F-16 operations. L3Harris describes the BRU-57/A as a smart multiple carriage rack fielded on the F-16 that doubles the number of smart weapons carried by a single station and supports 500-pound and 1,000-pound JDAMs as well as JSOW.
For the 2001 War in Afghanistan, the sourced record supports U.S. operation or fielding of the rack on an F-16 at Bagram Air Field. It does not support Taliban or allied militant possession, transfer to Afghan forces, or a specific strike in which a BRU-57-mounted munition was released.
Sources: L3Harris Smart Multiple Carriage Racks, DVIDS Bagram BRU-57 F-16 Inspection