Direct proof of use
Human Rights Watch documented PTM-1/PTM-1G anti-vehicle mines in Ukraine in April and May 2022 and identified the 9M27K2 Uragan 220 mm rocket as a delivery system seen in the conflict. The briefing listed incidents in Kharkiv and Donetsk regions, including April 8 clearance in eastern Kharkiv city, April 11 clearance by Kharkiv emergency services, April 12 photographs from the Kharkiv prosecutor's office, April 30 documentation in Donetsk region, May 12 clearance in Kramatorsky and Pokrovsky districts, and May 25 police documentation in Yelizavetovka and Kostiantynivka.
The same briefing connected the mine evidence to the 9M27K2 delivery round by stating that each 9M27K2 contains 24 PTM-1/PTM-1G mines and by noting 9M27K2 rocket remnants photographed or displayed in late April 2022. The Open Source Munitions Portal separately catalogs a November 20, 2022 Ukraine entry tentatively identified as a 9M27K2 rocket with partially ejected PTM-1 anti-vehicle mines.
Sources: HRW Background Briefing on Landmine Use in Ukraine, OSMP 120
Timeline
The public record begins in early April 2022 with PTM-1/PTM-1G mines documented in Kharkiv city. Human Rights Watch then recorded further Kharkiv-region and Donetsk-region discoveries through May 25, while the 9M27K2-specific rocket-remnant evidence appears in late April references to displayed and photographed Uragan mine-dispensing rocket remnants.
OSMP's November 20, 2022 entry adds a later munition-specific observation: a delivered and functioned 220 mm surface-to-surface rocket in Ukraine, tentatively modelled as 9M27K2, with partially ejected PTM-1 mines visible in the image record.
Sources: HRW Background Briefing on Landmine Use in Ukraine, OSMP 120
Battlefield role
In this conflict, the documented role of the 9M27K2 is remote anti-vehicle mine laying from Uragan-family 220 mm launchers. The rocket did not function as a direct anti-tank missile; it delivered a cassette payload that scattered PTM-1-family mines across an area, creating an anti-vehicle hazard for movement, clearance work, and access to terrain.
Attribution is strongest at the level of documented munition evidence rather than a complete firing log. The clearest actor-specific 9M27K2 reference in these sources is Human Rights Watch's report that Russia-backed fighters displayed PTM-1G mine remnants and a 9M27K2 Uragan rocket remnant. HRW also noted that both Russia and Ukraine stockpile PTM-1/PTM-1G mines, so individual PTM-1 mine discoveries should not be treated as 9M27K2 firings unless rocket-delivery evidence is present.
Technical sources align on the payload. Armament Research Services lists the 9M27K2 among 220 mm 9K57 Uragan rocket types with 24 PTM-1 anti-tank mines, and GICHD's Ukraine ordnance guide identifies the 9M27K2 as the Uragan anti-vehicle mine rocket carrying 24 PTM-1 mines.
Sources: HRW Background Briefing on Landmine Use in Ukraine, HRW Landmine Use in Ukraine, ARES 9M27K Series Ukraine, GICHD Ukraine Ordnance Guide
