Conflict catalog

1941 Battle of Moscow: Weapons and Equipment

World War II battle around Moscow between Soviet defenders and German forces during Operation Typhoon and the Soviet winter counteroffensive.

The 1941 Battle of Moscow covered the German drive toward the Soviet capital in late 1941 and the Soviet counteroffensive that pushed German forces back from the city by early January 1942.

This catalog tracks weapon systems directly documented in 1941 Battle of Moscow use.

Entries should be limited to systems with direct source support for the 1941-1942 Moscow campaign.

2 weapon systems

Conflict Actors

Soviet forces / German forces

Soviet forces

2 weapon systems in this catalog
  • Soviet forces

Context

Status
Published catalog
Location
Moscow region and western approaches to Moscow, Soviet Union
Countries
Soviet Union
Regions
Eastern Front, Moscow region
Domains
land, air, artillery

The catalog should stay narrow: individual weapon entries need direct evidence tying the system or munition to the Moscow defensive battle, German offensive, or Soviet counteroffensive rather than general World War II service.

Map

Moscow region and western approaches to Moscow, Soviet Union

Open map

Map data from OpenStreetMap contributors.

Weapons

1941 Battle of Moscow Weapon Systems

Category

Air Defense

Systems that contest aircraft, missiles, helicopters, and drones.

1/1
61-K 37 mm anti-aircraft gun, Towed 37 mm automatic anti-aircraft gun, Air DefenseAir Defense61-K 37 mm anti-aircraft gunTowed 37 mm automatic anti-aircraft gunSide: Soviet forcesRole: Short-range air defense and direct-fire supportBuilt: Plant No. 8 / Soviet UnionThe 61-K is the Soviet 37 mm automatic anti-aircraft gun developed from the late-1930s 49-K lineage and fielded as a mobile, clip-fed short-range air-defense weapon. It became one of the Red Army's standard light anti-aircraft guns, saw documented Soviet use around Moscow in 1941, was widely copied abroad, and remained visible in legacy arsenals such as Yemen's inherited air-defense inventory.

Category

Munitions

Standalone missiles, bombs, rockets, torpedoes, and guided or unguided explosive payloads.

1/1
F-531 high-explosive shell, 152 mm high-explosive artillery shell, MunitionsMunitionsF-531 high-explosive shell152 mm high-explosive artillery shellSide: Soviet forcesRole: Emergency direct-fire artillery shellBuilt: Not publicly identified / United KingdomF-531 is a British 152 mm high-explosive shell recorded in Soviet ammunition tables for the Vickers 152 mm howitzer and the 152 mm D-1 gun-howitzer. The tables give a 44.91 kg projectile with a 5.7 kg explosive fill, while a specialist history describes Soviet F-531 stocks being adapted for emergency direct-fire use near Moscow in November 1941.

Conflict Sources

  • 1941 Battle of MoscowPublisher: Wikipedia | Note: Supports the 1941 Battle of Moscow campaign name, dates, World War II/Eastern Front context, and Soviet/German opposing sides. | Accessed: 2026-06-29
  • Moscow to Stalingrad: Decision in the EastPublisher: U.S. Army Center of Military History | Note: Supports U.S. Army historical context for the Soviet 1941-1942 winter offensive and German operations on the Eastern Front after the failed Moscow drive. | Accessed: 2026-06-29
  • Operation Barbarossa and Germany's Failure in the Soviet UnionPublisher: Imperial War Museums | Note: Supports broad context for Germany's 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union and the failed drive toward Moscow. | Accessed: 2026-06-29